Psychology Chapter 6

How many basic types of taste are there?

5

Humans lack visual clarity in peripheral vision. This is because of the small number of receptors called _____ located there.

cones

James is threading a needle under a bright light bulb. During this task, James' vision is driven mainly by the _____ in his _____.

cones, fovea

Researchers used goggles to restrict kittens' vision for several months. Once the goggles were removed, the kittens:

could distinguish only color

You read about an accident at a railroad crossing and wonder about the cause. Perhaps the car's driver overestimated the distance of the train because the parallel tracks stimulated the monocular depth cue of _____.

linear perspective

Some birds can detect the ultraviolet radiation reflected from feathers of potential mates. As compared with humans, then, these birds can see _____ wavelengths.

lower

Even when seen through sunglasses, grass appears equally as green as it does without glasses. This BEST illustrates color _____.

constancy

Why do our sensory systems adapt after prolonged exposure to a constant stimulus?

so that we detect potentially important changes in what's going on

_____ refers to the process of organizing and interpreting sensations.

Perception

A person can detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area the size of a one-bedroom apartment. This is a(n) _____ threshold.

absolute

During a process called _____, the lens changes its curvature to focus an image.

accommodation

Ascending order is to _____________ as descending order is to _____________.

bottom up processing, top down processing

Kittens, monkeys, and humans who experience sensory deprivation early in life end up with permanent damage to their visual functioning. This finding suggests that there is a _____ for normal sensory and perceptual development.

critical period

You are looking for a new roommate. You invite a person you hope will agree to be your new roommate to meet you in your apartment. Your mother, who is a real estate agent, tells you to bake cookies and make hot tea just before your prospective roommate arrives. She explains that the hot drink and smell of the cookies will affect this person's judgment of you. This is an example of:

embodied cognition

Kamea has been experiencing a great deal of pain in her lower back. Her experience of pain is in part the result of certain psychological factors such as:

her expectations about pain

With respect to the sensory systems, the cerebellum is involved:

in the vestibular sense and kinesthesia

The Federal Bureau of Investigation is considering a new identification method. Instead of using old-fashioned fingerprints, they have decided to scan the eye's _____ to confirm people's identity.

iris

Relative size, interposition, relative motion, and relative height are examples of:

monocular cues

Even though it is completely dark outside and you are inside your house, you know that the color of your car as well as the size of it hasn't changed. This is an example of:

perceptual constancy

Janis decided she wanted her 6-year-old son Donnie to drink diet soda instead of regular soda that contained sugar. She filled the soda bottle that normally contained soda with sugar with diet soda. Donnie never noticed the difference. His perception was influenced by:

perceptual set

Both _____ and _____ indicate how experiences help to construct perception.

perceptual set, context

You go to a psychic who says she can read Tarot cards and tell you about your life. You want to know when you will get married, so you hope this psychic has the ability of:

precognition

According to the Gestalt psychologists, humans tend to group together figures that are near to each other. This is called the principle of _____.

proximity

Bret is reading his psychology text book. The way in which he quickly groups the individual letters in the text into separate words best illustrates the principle of:

proximity

Dr. Kahn studies the relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and the psychological experience of them. This field is known as:

psychophysics

Tammy draws a picture in which the mountains are closer to the top of her paper than the nearby trees in her picture. This is an example of the monocular distance cue known as:

relative height

Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of asthmatic children respond to very small changes in their children's breathing and seek care accordingly. However, other parents might not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is best explained by:

signal detection theory

Samantha opens her eyes in the morning to see flowers by her bedside. At that point, her eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called:

transduction

A neutral facial expression may be perceived as sadder at a funeral than at a circus. This best illustrates:

a context effect

The amount of energy in a light wave—its intensity—is perceived as _____.

brightness

Most hearing losses result from damage to the:

hair cells

Infant rats deprived of their mothers' grooming touch produce _____ growth hormone and have a _____ metabolic rate.

less, lower