Psychology Chapter 6

Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as_________

infantile amnesia

semantic memory

General knowledge, as opposed to episodic memory

Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?

It involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.

Memory may be defined as the processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

True

What is flashbulb memory? Provide a personal example.

A flashbulb memory is remembering events that are surprising, important, and emotionally stirring. An example, Gavin was sitting in his basement playing Xbox, when his mom told him that school was canceled because Covid-19 had shut the entire country down.

Memory

Process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved

Dana can only remember the first few and the last few items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?

The serial-position effect

Short-term memory is also known as semantic memory.

false

London learned how to play racquetball prior to learning how to play tennis. Because of this, her tennis game has never been that good. The difficulty stems from________

proactive interference

General knowledge is referred to as_______

semantic memory

Episodic memory is also referred to as autobiographical memory because they are memories of the things that happen to us or take place in our presence.

true

Short-term memory and working memory mean the same thing.

true

episodic memory

Memories of events that happen to a person or that take place in the person's presence

explicit memory

Memory that clearly and distinctly expresses specific information

How long can information be stored in short-term memory without being rehearsed?

about 12 seconds

The capacity of short-term memory is approximately:

about 7 items at one time.

Remembering what you had for dinner is an example of __________ memory. a. implicit b. episodic c. dependent d. semantic

b. episodic

Porsha just got a new password to access her bank account: 628fbi. She repeats the code over and over, using _____ to remember it. a. spreading activation b. maintenance rehearsal c. elaborative rehearsal d. the primacy effect

b. maintenance rehearsal

What is context-dependent memory? Provide a personal example.

A context-dependent memory is information is better retrieved in the context in which information was encoded and stored, or learned. For example, it is easier to remember what you are learning in a classroom as appose to being at home because being in a school environment brings back memories.

What is proactive interference? Provide a personal example.

A proactive Interference is when new memories get overwritten with old memories. For example, if you are learning old history, it is easier to learn, but if you are trying to learn ancient history, it is harder to learn because you are so focused on the old history.

What is retroactive interference? Provide a personal example.

A retroactive interference is when old memories get overwritten with new memories. For example, when you are trying to learn new math concepts, and you try to go back to old concepts, you forget how to do any of the old concepts.

What is state-dependent memory? Provide a personal example.

A state-dependent memory, information is better retrieved in the physiological or emotional state in which it was encoded and stored, or learned. For example, Bre's brother got into a car accident and watching his anger and emotions, reminded her of a past time when he acted the same way.

What is suggestibility and false memory? Provide a personal example.

A suggestibility and false memory are when something is told a certain way, you remember it as a memory. For example, when my mom would tell me about my 1st birthday party, and how she invited all her friends to come celebrate. The amount of times she tells the story, it makes it seem as if I was there.

1. Dr. Doherty conducts research in which he asks his participants to look at slides that contain arrays of objects, after which he tests their memory of the objects on the slides. The participants are allowed to view the slides for no more than two seconds. What type of memory is Dr. Doherty testing? A. semantic memory B. sensory memory C. elaborative rehearsal D. remote memory

C. elaborative rehearsal

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident, then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?

Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed).

Clive is a man who can only remember about 7 seconds at a time. He feels as though he is constantly "awakening for the first time" and can't remember new information. These symptoms can be explained by his dense _____, caused by damage to his _____. a. anterograde amnesia; hippocampus b. retroactive interference; cerebral cortex c. proactive interference; hippocampus d. retrograde amnesia; cerebral cortex

a. anterograde amnesia; hippocampus

Federico's son is 2 years old and is trying to learn how to tie his shoelaces. Federico knows how to tie the laces, but is having a hard time explaining the steps to his son. Federico is struggling with describing his _____ memory of how to tie shoes. a. episodic b. procedural c. semantic d. prospective

b. procedural

Mario must remember the planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Mario uses the first letter of each word (MVEMJSUNP) to make a sentence: "My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine Pickles." To remember the planets Mario is using _____. a. maintenance rehearsal b. the method of loci c. a mnemonic d. persistence

c. a mnemonic

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of________memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second.

iconic

The thalamus is a structure of the limbic system that is involved in the storage of memories and does not become mature until we are about two years old.

false

When you store information by mentally repeating it, this memory process is called elaborative rehearsal.

false

London learned how to play racquetball prior to learning how to play tennis. Because of this, her tennis game has never been that good. The difficulty stems from_________

proactive interference

Essay tests are examples of_________

recall

In the context of neural activity and memory, the brain stores parts of memories in the appropriate areas of the_________

sensory cortex