Psychology Chp 1 Test

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

What is a PsyD?

Doctor of Psychology

William James was the ________.

First American psychologist

Which of the following does not influence perception?

Gestalt

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

Hypothesis

Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait?

Ida is charming

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.

agreeableness

Critical thinking is ________.

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?

counseling psychology

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.

neuroticism

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.

openness

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

Behaviorists all focus on ________.

physiological responses that result in action

Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers.

postdoctoral

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research?

Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?

Naomi Weisstein

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.

The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common?

They are all examples of applied psychology

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first

Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

William W

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the soul, the mind, and behavior

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.

the use of reinforcement and punishment

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese