Psychology Exam 2

Major Depressive Episode

2 week period of depressed mood, appetite/weight change, insomnia/hypersomnia, daily agitation/decreased motor activity, daily fatigue or lethargy, daily feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, daily reduction in concentration, focus on death, suicide, attempted suicide, and significant distress or impairment.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder:

A disorder marked by repeated experiences of significant depression and related symptoms during the week before menstruation.

Depersonalization-derealization disorder

A dissociative disorder marked by the presence of persistent and recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder. Disruption to identity, separate personality states. Memory gaps of daily events, personal infor, and traumatic events. Causes significant distress and impairment. Not caused by substance/medical condition. Usually has a "host" personality that appears more than the others. Usually begin in early childhood after a traumatic event.

Why to some people develop PTSD

Biological processes, personalities, difficult childhood, lack of social support, culture, severity of traumas. More than normal hormone levels, abnormal neurotransmitters, biochemical arousal in amygdala, pre-existing high anxiety, attitude, resiliency.

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative disorder characterized by the sudden and extensive inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature. Not caused by substances or a medical condition. Extreme version of Amnesia is dissociative fugue, here persons not only forget their personal identities and details of their past lives but also flee to an entirely different location. Usually brief and never reoccures.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Experiences the symptoms of MDD for at least 2 years. During the 2 year period symptoms are not absent for more than 2 months at a time. No history of mania or hypomania, significant distress and impairment.

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to "relive" the event in dreams and flashbacks for as long as 1 month following the event. Begins immediately or soon after the trauma. Lasts for less than one month.

PTSD

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. Symptoms may begin either shortly after the event, or months after. The person has to be exposed to a traumatic event, have intrusive symptoms, avoid trauma linked stimuli, negative mood changes, Excessive alertness etc, and causes major distress.

Fight or Flight Response

an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action. Set in the hypothalamus. Activates the autonomic nervous system which increases heart rate, blood pressure, organs, etc. Then the endocrine system is activated and hormones are released.

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

combination of persistent depressive symptoms and recurrent outbursts of severe temper

Unipolar Depression

depression without a history of mania

Dissociative Disorders

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. Split from your identity.

The endocrine system: HPA pathway

faced by stressors, the hypothalamus also signals the pituitary gland, which lies nearby, to secrete the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), sometimes called the body's "major stress hormone." ACTH, in turn, stimulates the outer layer of the adrenal glands, an area called the adrenal cortex, triggering the release of a group of stress hormones called corticosteroids, including the hormone cortisol.

Major Depressive Disorder

presence of a major depressive episode, no history or mania. period of depressed mood, appetite/weight change, insomnia/hypersomnia, daily agitation/decreased motor activity, daily fatigue or lethargy, daily feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, daily reduction in concentration, focus on death, suicide, attempted suicide, and significant distress or impairment.

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway

the amygdala triggers a response int the hypothalamus, which triggers the pituitary gland, which in turn triggers the adrenal glands to release adrenaline and cortisol

endocrine system

the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

sympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations/fight or flight

parasympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.