Psychology Exam 4

Statistics show that _______________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

26%

Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine?

A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?

All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?

Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe-- an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion?

Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?

Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it-- this leads her to become depressed.

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum is incorrect?

This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

A panic disorder is a type of ___________ disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

_________________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

anxiety

______________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.

asylums

What childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

autism spectrum disorder

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

being outside the home alone

The _______________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the _______________ perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

biological; psychological

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

biomedical

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ____________.

client's personal goals

What is comorbidity?

co-occurence of two disorders

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."

concern over germs

A psychological disorder is a _________________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Aversive conditioning is a ________________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?

dependent personality disorder

The ___________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity disorder

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?

experiencing trauma in isolation

Which of the following is not an example of suicidal ideation?

fearing you will die

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

group therapy

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?

having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress."

insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.

learning how to surf

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

mania

What kind of symptoms involve reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative

People with ______________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?

orbitofrontal cortex

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

popular music that promotes suicide

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

Schizophrenia is considered a __________ disorder.

psychotic

Schizophrenia is considered a __________________ disorder.

psychotic

Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.

retardation

_______________ have over 85% of the 1669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas

_______________ are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.

safety behaviors

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?

schizophrenia

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ______________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

The use of ____________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.

stimulants

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

stimulus heirarchy

A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.

the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder