Psychology Exam

33. Being in a good mood:

a. is irrelevant to stereotyping

31. Gaertner and colleagues' recategorization:

a. refers to a technique for collapsing the boundaries between antagonistic groups by having them pursue common goals

47. Realistic conflict theory:

b. refers to competition over valued commodities

7. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding blatant biases?

c. People who openly hate one group of people also tend to hate others.

48. What were some of the problems with the Robber's Cave experiment?

d. the study took place over a short period of time

2. ____ is an evaluation or emotion toward people merely based on their group membership.

a. Prejudice

16. Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.

a. ambiguous

32. Why does contact between groups work to reduce prejudice?

a. contact may increase the perception of similarity of members belonging to the different groups

23. According to the stereotype content model, what would be a person's most likely response to a person who is perceived as being low in warmth and low in competence?

a. contempt

35. According to the social learning point of view, negative attitudes toward various social groups are due to:

b. inborn social tendencies

44. Even when people are not aware of their presence, stereotypes will serve as an:

d. attitude formation tactic

38. Tokenism refers to:

d. hiring a person solely as a token member of a racial or ethnic group, rather than on the basis of qualifications

40. Regarding the "glass ceiling;"

b. it is a myth disproven by research

20. The________ content model suggests that we judge social groups based on their perceived warmth and competence.

c. stereotype

25. Which of the following combinations would most likely combine to create a person's schema of the "model minority" individual?

a. high in competence but low in sociability

36. Relative to men, women tend to be:

a. more ambitious

18. The stereotype content model suggests that when we interact with homeless people we feel what type of emotional prejudice?

d. disgust

28. In the "us vs. them" orientation,

a. "us" are viewed in highly favorable terms

43. Stereotypes involve:

a. beliefs and expectations about a particular group

6. While walking out of a convenience store, Nicholas openly mocks the clerk's accent to his friend. "EVERY convenience store I go into is owned by an Indian," he says. "Can't they do anything else?" Nicholas's open expression of his opinion and his lack of embarrassment suggests that this is a(n) ________ bias.

a. blatant

50. If Joe-Bob is prejudice against Blacks, but is placed in a job situation where he has to work with Blacks, you would expect Joe-Bob to show:

a. more prejudice immediately

41. What do parents do to their children when they model prejudice for them?

a. raise their self-esteem: pride in their own group is always bolstered

21. 16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the "musical clique" at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.

a. self-categorization

11. Mordechai lives in a neighborhood where nearly every home is owned by other orthodox Jewish families. He is very upset when he finds out that a house on his block has been purchased by a family who is Catholic. He feels that Jewish families are better than others, and does not want this family to live on his block. Mordechai is demonstrating a ________ orientation.

a. social dominance

10. People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?

b. Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

12. What type of tool is used to measure automatic preferences such as one's attitude toward different groups?

b. Implicit Association Test (IAT)

9. What is the difference between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism?

b. SDO concentrates on economic conflicts while Right-wing Authoritarianism concentrates on value conflicts.

3. A belief that characterizes people based merely on group membership is __________.

b. a stereotype.

17. Brandon does not believe he is prejudiced. However, he got very nervous when told he was randomly assigned to room with a man from Costa Rica for his first year in college. He plans to spend as little time as possible in his room because of this reason. Brandon is probably experiencing which of the following?

b. aversive racism

22. It is a natural and adaptive social process to classify people into groups. However, because we inhabit one of these groups, we tend to favor our ingroup. What concept explains this tendency to put people, including yourself, into groups?

b. self-categorization theory

29. In the Skinhead study, participants who suppressed stereotypes:

b. subsequently sat farther away from the Skinhead

37. Only one of the following falls under "sexual harassment." Which one could be sexual harassment?

c. A boss repeatedly makes derogatory statements about women in front of women employees

14. Rafael has joined the Spanish Club at his school. According to the social identity theory, what is Rafael likely to do when he meets individuals from the German Club or French Club and defines them as outgroup members?

c. Rafael will exaggerate the similarities amongst outgroup members.

5. Jason believes that all Asian people are good at math. What is this belief an example of?

c. a stereotype

26. Prejudice refers to:

c. a usually negative attitude toward the members of some social group

8. Having conscious beliefs, feelings, and behaviors of hostility toward outgroup members that you are perfectly willing to admit reflects what type of bias?

c. blatant bias

42. Ted believes women are not knowledgeable about cars. He tends to notice that most of the cars stopped at the side of the road with engine trouble have women standing next to them looking helpless. Ted is good at bringing such instances to mind. He is using a prejudicial:

c. discrimination category

49. How is the media implicated in the teaching of prejudice?

c. minorities appear in low-status and comic roles in the media

24. Which of the following emotional prejudices might a person be most likely to experience in response to another person who is high in warmth but low in competence?

c. pity

15. According to ________ theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.

c. social identity

27. In the famous "Robbers Cave" study by Sherif and colleagues:

c. the boys began early to identify with their groups, even creating group flags

30. What lies behind the "illusory correlation?"

c. the fact that infrequent events are distinctive

46. If a teacher grades a minority child more leniently than other children (Fajardo, 1985):

c. the minority child may show inflated opinions of his or her skills

19. The stereotype content model suggests that we judge social groups on which two features?

c. warmth and competence

13. Kylo is taking a social psychology course and his teacher asks students to take a computerized test that asks them to sort pictures into different categories, such as "good" and "bad." The goal of this test is to help identify automatic preferences of which a person may not be consciously aware. What is this test called?

d. Implicit Association Test (IAT)

1. What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

d. Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior.

4. Chukwudi believes that atheists cannot be trusted. As a result, he refuses to hire anyone who does not regularly attend church. Chukwudi's action is an example of __________.

d. discrimination

45. People who engage is tokenism seem to be saying:

d. don't bother me, haven't I done enough for these people already

34. How do people handle information that is inconsistent with a stereotype they hold?

d. they misconstrue it as supporting their stereotype

39. Reverse discrimination refers to:

d. trying to hide favorability toward some group by discriminating against its member