Psychology Final

A. Accommodation

A 2-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. According to piaget which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding?

A) fixed ratio schedule

A dog chews on its toy with each bite the toy squeaks. if the squeaking sound is the reinforcer the dogs response inviting the toy is reinforced with which type of schedule?

D) statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research

A hypothesis is a: A) formal definition of independent variable B) frustrating state of existence C) statement about something you were interested in D) statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research

D. Analytical intelligence

A lawyer most likely has_____.

A. Heuristic

A mental shortcut or a rule of thumb for solving problems is called a_____.

D. Object permanence

A mother is playing with her 8-month-old son. She places a toy in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son starts searching for the toy. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?

B) negative reinforcement

A parent buys a child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they're throwing. next time they go to the store the child throws another tantrum and the parents buy them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parents behavior of buying the child a toy has been _____.

D. Animism

A preschool teacher accidentally steps on a pencil that is lying on the classroom floor and breaks it in half. The student gasps saying that poor pencil I bet it hurt him. The student is displaying which of Piaget's concepts.

B. Obsessive compulsive disorder.

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or turning the tap on. She feels at her house might be robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness according to the scenario she is most likely suffering from ______.

C) correlation coefficient

A(n) ________ expression the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables. A) non-varying constant B) dependant variable C) correlation coefficient D) independent variable

A. From roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization.

According to Carl Rogers psychological problems arise _______.

A) emotions

According to James and Lange which of these are the cognitive representations of automatic physiological and behavioral responses?

C) men and women have similar biological responses to sexually stimulation.

According to William Masters in Virginia Johnson ______.

A. Situational or environmental influences

According to behavioralists, personality is formed by_____.

A. 5%

According to research on lying by Ekman what percentage of individuals are able to successfully hide their emotions?

D) The participants are debriefed afterwards

According to the American sociological association's handbooks of ethics and psychology, which is the following criteria must be met for the psychologist to use deception and their experiments? A) they believe the individuals might not be willing to participate B) they collect stratified samples C) only if the names of the participants are kept anonymous D) The participants are debriefed afterwards

B. Unconscious

According to the psychoanalytic perspective which part of the mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression?

D. Observation of other people acting aggressively

According to the social cognitive perspective aggressive skills are mainly acquired by _______.

B. Cognitive appraisal theory

According to this theory events and arousal are appraised by the individual. The emotional response stems from the person's appraisal of the situation and his or her level of arousal.

B) false

According to weber's law, the absolute threshold for all senses is the same for everyone.

B) photographic

According to your text if you have an adequate sight you also have what kind of memory?

A. Maslow's concept of self-actualization

Ada is the lead programmer of a major text software company. She is version through the ranks and she has been working there for 15 years. One day coworkers noticed that she is packed up her office and has announced that she has joined the Peace corps because she feels that she has more growth to do as an individual. Her actions are consistent with _________.

A) Sensory (positive) adaption

After moving to Nebraska, Bobbi did not notice any distracting sounds. As time passes she became more and more aware of the cicadas in her backyard. What is this an example of?

D) retrieval que failure

After telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went into the bank, Lucas got to the point that he no longer could recall any more information at that point Lucas was most likely experiencing ____.

C. Behaviorism

Ali believes that unconscious mental processes even if they do not exist cannot be studied scientifically. Which approach does Ali follow?

B) hippocampus

Alicia was recently in a car accident. since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. however, she can recall events that took place before the accident. Alicia has most likely damaged her _______.

A) The serial position effect

Although Crystal had practice her presentation several times before class she struggled in the middle part of the speech when she gave it in class. this pattern of forgetting illustrates______.

D. The age of instability

Amaan is 21 years old he finished his undergraduate studies and found a job. After a few months he quit and joined another firm with a different job description. In the same year he switched apartments more than once with minimal furniture. Which of Jeffrey arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is best depicted in this scenario?

A. Goal attainment

Amanda as long dreamed of becoming a mother she tracks her menstrual cycle and tries to have sex with her husband at the most opportune times what type of factor is Amanda's motivation for sex based on?

B. Projective test

And his clinical practice Dr Lee believes that draw a person test (dap) is an excellent way to discover some of his patients mental health issues. The DAP requires you to draw a person for instance your mother or significant other. This type of test would be considered a ______.

B. Nora epinephrine

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of which neurotransmitter in the brain?

D. The concept of the imaginary audience

Anya as a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario?

C. Cognitive dissonance theory

Aria works at a marketing research firm whenever she processes information, she disregards information that is not fit in with her ideas to eliminate discrepancies. this behavior is consistent with ______.

A) lens

As we age and reach our late 30-40s, what structure in our eyes tend to have difficulty accommodating?

C. The effects of social conformity

Asch's study using line judgments was able to demonstrate _____.

B) flooding

Asha has a fear of darkness. to extinguish the spear she's placed in a dark room ensuring that she suffers no harm in the process. In this scenario which of the following techniques is being used to reduce ashes fear of the dark?

D) variable ratio schedule

Ashton works as a server at a local restaurant and he knows that the more tables that he waits on, the better likelihood for more tips. This schedule is a _____.

D. Successive approximations

At first the youth basketball team looked pretty chaotic It seemed like the kids were just kind of running all over the place. However as practices continued you could see that the kids were slowly looking more and more like a basketball team. This slow gradual approach towards a target behavior is called?

C. preconventional

Azura decided not to cheat on the exam because she was afraid of the consequences. This is characteristic of which stage of moral reasoning?

A. Babinski's reflex

Baby hoshi's dad could not stop laughing because every time he touched the soles of his feet his toes would fan out. In this scenario the baby exhibited the______.

D) prospective memory

Because of her poor health your aunt b had to take a lot of medication. she usually does a good job remembering to take it but sometimes forgets to do so. this is forgetting is a failure of what type of memory?

C. The exhibit behaviors that are self-defeating

Behaviors are mental processes are suggestive of psychological disorders when they include combinations of certain criteria. Which of the following is one of the criteria?

A) having dyslexia

Being left-handed appears to provide a somewhat greater-than-average probability of _______.

A. Both positive and negative symptoms

Bettina has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations delusions lack of emotional expression and social withdrawal. Bettina exhibits ______.

D. Unconditional positive regard

Bobby spilled water accidentally on his father's computer but contrary to Bobby's expectations he did not get grounded. Their father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobby that he is still loves him, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobby's father's response is an example of ____.

D) afferent neurons

Bobby was standing in a line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby immediately felt pain in his foot. The sensation was transmitted into the spinal cord through _________. A) glial cells B) pituitary glands C) efferent neurons D) afferent neurons

B her improvement gives them hope

Brenda Mira has been sober for 14 years. She shares her story in her group therapy session, what advantage of group therapy benefits the other members?

B. Rebound anxiety

Brian a psychiatrist has recommended that his patient who suffers from generalized anxiety stop the use of anti-anxiety drugs. After 2 weeks the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have become worse. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are unexpected response to stopping anti-anxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing.

D) memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues

Brown and McNeil's experiment on the tip of the tongue phenomenon revealed that:

A. secure

Casseta has parents that are very affectionate and reliable. When she cries her parents are attentive and come to her aid. Is likely that Cassetta has what type of attachment to her parents?

C. Forced choice format

Celia is taking interest inventory. One of the questions asks her to select her preferred activity from among traveling reading books and cooking. The question does not give her none of the above option. What is the format of the interest inventory called?

C) a conditioned stimulus

Chicken salad sandwiches have always been a favorite of Michonne s. her mom made her one for dinner but was unaware that the mayonnaise had sat out on the table for too long and had spoiled. Michonne got very sick after eating that sandwich. now whenever she goes to the grocery store and sees chicken salad in the deli section she feels sick to her stomach. The sick feeling she gets when she sees the chicken salad is _____.

B. Humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce the state of arousal

Clark hulls drive reduction theory states that_____.

D) retrospective

Clive Wearing could remember how to play the piano but couldn't remember his birthday party that occurred last year his inability to remember events from the past is an example of deficits in which type of memory?

C. Warehousing

Colby was a person with bipolar disorder in 1500AD. When he was sent to an asylum inside a monastery what kind of care could he expect?

D. Acquired

Dan is unhappy until his tweets at least 100 likes his desire for this kind of validation is what kind of drive?

D. Token economy

Darius's mom used to give him gold stars on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If if Darius earned enough gold stars then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a______.

B. Daily hassles

David was experiencing a lot of stress because he was experiencing some pain in his right foot, The weather was poor, and he owed money to a friend. These types of stress are considered _____.

D) model

Delilah's older sisters swinging she watches how her older sister pumps her legs forward then back will swinging. Delilah gets on the swing next to her sister and starts to copy her behavior and this example the older sister is the ____.

A. Delusions

Delmar believes that he is been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing no one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. DelMar's behavior best exemplifies ______.

B) double blind

Derris is a research assistant in Dr Smith's psychology lab. When the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, Derris replied I don't know this is an example of ____ study. A) case B) double blind C) correlation D) blind

A. Our sense of smell declines in late adulthood

Diego is 75 years old and is ground children have noticed that he uses a lot of salt and pepper on his dinners lately. What is a likely explanation for this?

D. Analogy

Dr Jackson is often found in class using phrases like "it's similar to" and "kind of like" making connections between similar things is an example of an _____.

A. Adverse childhood experiences

Dr Nadine Burks Harris and her colleagues have studied how childhood stressors can lead to physical and psychological problems well into adulthood. These stressors are known as ______.

B) vivd

Dreams experienced during REM to tend to be

C) habituation

Due to repeated exposure to media violence viewers sensitivity to violence may decrease this is called _____.

A) direct inner awareness

During a guided meditation session, Rachel was asked to picture a green valley under a clear blue sky. She was asked to "feel" the wind against her face and "hear" the birds chirping around her. Although none of these stimuli were actually present, Rachel felt very conscious of them. Which of the following phenomena best defines Rachel's experience?

C. Cortisol

During a severe panic attack the amount of this specific stress hormone found in saliva will increase.

C) synapse

Each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, also known as a _______.

b) a fixed-ratio schedule

Elijah is a web content writer. he gets paid $100 for every five articles he publishes. In this scenario on which schedule of reinforcement is Elijah's payment based?

B. Extrinsic rewards

Ellie is a school student. her teacher appreciation motivates her to study well. she also aims to impress her teacher and parents by getting into a good university after she graduates from high school. Ellie's performance goals seem to be met through ______.

C) The female athlete triad

Emma a college gymnast has been struggling with several injuries in recent years. she has had several fractures and broken bones. because gymnasts often emphasize thinness, emma might be suffering from _______.

C. Trust versus mistrust

Erickson labeled the first stage of psychosocial development in his theory of personality development as the stage of_____.

A. Infinite creativity

Eva a 4-year-old girl combines words to form her own sentences, in this scenario Eva is demonstrating ____.

A. Irrational beliefs

Ever since Michelle failed her biology test she thinks that she will never be able to find a job when she eventually graduates. She feels that she will end up homeless The situation best demonstrates ______.

A) sensorineural deafness

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in__________.

C. Introversion - extroversion

Eysenk focused on the relationships routine two personality traits emotional stability - instability and _____.

B. Major depressive order.

Fila has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions she no longer wants to live and wishes to die. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose her with _______.

B) primary reinforcers

Food and water are examples of_____.

A. Iceberg

Ford claimed only a very limited part of our mind operates at the level of awareness while the rest seems to be in our unconscious. He compared these levels of awareness to an _____.

c) Barbiturates

Gael suffers from epilepsy. What type of drug would most likely be prescribed to treat this?

C. Sandwich generation

Giro is 54 years old and is that a point in his life where he is trying to help take care of his aging parents while also assisting his own children Giro is part of the _____.

C) implicit memory

How to perform different skills and actions is a component of____.

B) recall

I say tests are an example of_____.

D. Babbling is pre-linguistic

Identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations.

d. extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience

Identify the factors that make up the big five Factor model.

C. Prototype

If college courses would be considered a mental category then PSY 201C could be considered a_______.

C) hippocampus

If the is damaged a person has difficulty forming new memories.

C) cocktail party effect

If you are in a room full of people conversing, but can still pick out the speech of a single person you're experiencing, which phenomenon?

C. Internal

If you have an _____ locus of control you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers.

A) vestibular

If you were having trouble with balance, it would most likely be a problem with your _____ system.

B) information that can be clearly stated

Implicit memory is:

D. You cannot stop the experiment must continue

In Stanley milgram's study whenever one of the teachers would hesitate his research assistants would say one of the following except for:

D hyperphagia

In a sudden accident, Stan's hypothalamus is damaged causing him to eat excessively a condition known as______.

B. Commitment

In addition to his normal duties it professor actively participates in the extracurricular activities of the college where he teaches. According to Susan kielbasa which of the following characteristics of psychological hardiness does the professor exhibit?

A) Spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur.

In classical conditioning the term Extinction can be misleading because___.

C. Empathy

In client centered therapy which of these refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings?

D. Social roles and obligations

In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence such as Asian cultures people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's_________.

D) People with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax

In context of the brain's language functions, identify the correct statement.

C) pupil

In context of the human eye, the size of the _____ is sensitive to emotions.

C. Aversive conditioning

In order for Tonya to stop smoking her therapist lays her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?

d. Categorization

In order to better remember the information from his psychology text Sheldon groups concepts into various categories and then studies those categories at one time Sheldon is using what type of memory strategy?

A. Both hereditary and environment are important in determining intelligence

In relation to the question of what determines intelligence most psychologists agree that ______.

D. The super ego

In the classic story of Pinocchio, Jiminy cricket acts as Pinocchio's conscience. He helps Tell him what he should and shouldn't do guiding him in positive moral decisions. What part of the Freudian psyche does Jiminy cricket represent?

A) they are developed through experience

In the context of drive reduction theory which of the following is true of acquired drives?

B. Short-term stress can enhance the functioning of the immune system

In the context of general adaptation syndrome which of the following statements is true?

A. It is the most commonly used social decision scheme

In the context of group decision making which of the following is true of the majority wins scheme?

B) The body to burn fewer calories

In the context of hunger adaptive thermogenesis causes which of the following effects when someone goes in a diet?

A) The drop in blood sugar is communicated to the hypothalamus

In the context of hunger which of the following statements is true of the blood sugar level?

D) infants do not make reliable use of language to symbolize or classify events

In the context of memory and forgetting one of the cognitive explanations for infantile amnesia states that:

C. Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence

In the context of motor development of children which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over sitting up crawling creeping walking and running?

A) hierarchy

In the context of organization and long-term memory a ______ is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features.

B. Spend time with people who share your attitudes

In the current political climate there has been an increase in ethnic prejudices. Because you study psychology your friend approaches you with his ideas to combat it. Which of the following ideas would be ineffective?

D. Make huge contributions to a charity

In the manic phase of bipolar disorder a person may______.

D. Divergent thinking

In which of these strategies does the problem solver associate freely to the elements of the problem, allowing leads to run a nearly limitless course?

A. complex sentences encourage language development

Infant-centered speech is characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following.

B) sleep deprivation

It is not uncommon for students to stay awake all night to prepare for the exam. If students do this for more than one consecutive night, they may have trouble learning and remembering information. What are they suffering from?

B) circadian rhythm

It seems like every day you experience a decrease in your mental alertness around 2 or 3 o'clock each afternoon. This daily occurrence in your mental alertness is an example of:

B. Disassociative identity disorder

Jane has episodes where she cannot remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothes in her closet that do not belong to her. When she goes to see the doctor she introduces herself as Susie. Jane is most likely to be diagnosed with:

A) forensic psychologist

Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares or findings with the courts Jane is most likely a(n) ______.

C. Facial feedback hypothesis

Jaron is working in his apartment on a very difficult project for work he decided to take a break and walk outside It was a bright sunny day and he was squinting a lot because of the light upon getting back inside to work on the project he felt more excited about it this behavior is consistent with.

C. Client centered therapy

Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency towards health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case Jason's therapist is using______.

d) selective attention

Jonah is reading a book in a crowded bus. Some boys sitting near him are talking and laughing loudly. Jonah focuses on reading his book and ignores the noises around him. The scenario illustrates an aspect of Consciousness called _____.

C) the survey method

Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within 2 months. She needs to gather data about the sample group's attitude towards certain situations through questionnaire, but she has a limited amount of time to gather the information. which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the required information? A) naturalistic observation B) The experimental method C) The survey method D) The placebo method

D. A Specific phobia.

Kalb is suffering from kidney dysfunction. Kalb's Dr advises him to start taking injections instead of tablets as that would be more effective and would cure him sooner. However, Kalb fears hypodermic needles and refuses to be injected. In the scenario, Kalb seems to have ______.

D. Albert Ellis

Kalva pushes his client to notice and deal with their irrational beliefs for example by asking them why they believe that everyone must love them. Whose method has Kalva most closely replicated?

A. Post-traumatic stress disorder

Kata and her family were involved in a road accident. Kata was the only survivor. When kata returned home she started having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left cattle with a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness kasta is most likely suffering from ______.

D) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Kesha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. She knows that her interviews will evaluate her based on the first impression she creates. In this scenario the impression created by Kesha is an example of the _______.

A. His heart and respiration rates slow down and his muscles become fatigued

Kevin is in the exhaustion stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to occur

C) somnambulism

Kira, an eight-year old girl, sometimes walks in her sleep. She also responds to questions while she is up and about. However, when she wakes up in the morning, she does not remember the incident. In the context of sleep disorders, Kira is exhibiting symptoms of ______.

B) implicit memory

Knowing how to play a piano without much conscious effort illustrates ________ memory

A. crystallized intelligence

Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls them her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She's also surprised at how well verse he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario Kyra's grandfather is best displaying_____.

A) split brain

Labib has been having severe epileptic seizures since a very young age. His seizures have become less frequent since he underwent an operation. However, he has problems expressing what he feels. When he feels happy, his facial expressions often show anger. Labib has most likely undergone a(n) _______ operation.

C. Biological

Lesedi is a person with generalized anxiety disorder. Her therapist prescribes her Valium to reduce the severity of her symptoms. Which approach has her therapist taken?

A. functional fixness

Lila's young son has accidentally locked himself in his room Lila is trying to figure out how to unlock the door. unfortunately she does not realize that her butter knife could be used to unlock the door this illustrates ____.

C. Approach avoidance

Lisa wanted to take the job because of the good pay but did not like the idea of the long hours. This is an example of ______conflict.

A. Personal fable

Marina a 14-year-old girl is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this and forbid her from meeting the boy. Marina fights with her parents because she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. The scenario best represents the concept of ______.

C. Cognitive scaffolding

Masha a 13-year-old girl is poor at math. Miss Kobes Marsha's math teacher shares with Masha a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory Kobes is using what concept to help the child?

D. Overregularization

Max's 3-year-old typically says things like "I seed it" and "Mommy sitting down" these examples illustrate______.

D) sleep apnea

Mihail suffers from sleep disturbance that repeatedly wakes him up during the night. He frequently stops sleeping for about 60 seconds at a time, half wakes up, starts breathing again and then returns to sleep. What would be the best diagnosis for this case?

D) generalization

Mina taught her dogs to jump every time she raised her right hand. Later that dog started jumping even if she raised her left hand. In this scenario the dog's action of jumping as a response to a similar stimulus is due to a tendency called _____.

C: Conscientiousness

Misu attends high grades in her college courses and is always very organized with her materials and time. Using the big five model of personality on which trait would Misu likely score high?

D) safety needs

Nadine works from an accounting firm. she makes enough money for herself and has brought a house with a top-notch security system. in the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs Nadine has fulfilled her _____.

b) systematic desensitization

Naomi Is afraid of dogs while she is feeling relaxed her therapist shows her your dog from a distance. The therapist gradually brings the dog closer until Naomi fear is completely extinguished. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is being used to extinguish Naomi's fear of dogs?

A. Sympathetic nervous system

Narik is driving home from school when an aggressive driver cuts him off and offers him an obscene gesture what system makes narik's heart race?

C. She will prefer her mother's voice

Nepheza is only a few weeks old. Her mother and father are both talking to her trying to get a reaction. Whose voice is it likely that Napheza will prefer?

B) Dopamine

Nicotine alcohol and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heightened levels of ______. A) nor epinephrine B) dopamine C) acetylcholine D) amphetamine

C. Cognitive

On a ________level prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say, in the workplace, or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism.

C) naturalistic observation

On his first day as a school psychologist, Daniel took a trip to the school group and quietly sat in the corner watching the children play. He noticed serval patterns in the way children behaved with each other, especially when they were playing games. Daniel is most likely using the method of _______. A) mass survey B) introspection C) naturalistic observation D) reinforcement

D) intrinsic goal

Ophelia is in high school. she enjoys studying and does well in her school. her parents encourage her to think and act dependently whenever she does well in an exam she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario Ophelia 's achievement motivation stems from an ______.

D. Cannon Bard

Oscar and Monica are discussing how emotions emerge. Oscar insist that emotions are only felt after the patterns of body arousal begin. Monica maintains that the brain processes an event, with arousal and emotions happening simultaneously. for which theory is Monica advocating?

A) the song "Lucy in the sky with diamonds"

Paula was out on a date with her boyfriend. The song "Lucy in the sky with diamonds" by the Beatles came on and Paula and her boyfriend shared their first kiss which she enjoyed very much. now whenever she hears this specific song she feels happy and excited. In this instance what is the condition stimulus?

C. Narcissistic personality disorder

People suffering from this disorder have an inflated self-image extreme need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others.

C. Type a personality traits

People with_______find it difficult to surrender control or share power.

C) Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)

Peter went out cycling one morning. He was not wearing a helmet. He fell off a ridge and fell into a steep valley. Apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, Peter severely injured his head. The doctor noticed a swelling on the right side of his head and suspected that it was a blood clot. Which of the following did the doctor use to obtain a three-dimensional image of Peter's brain for further investigation?

C. View psychological disorders as diseases of the mind and encourage humane treatment.

Philippe Pinel was one of the first to:

B) the food is the unconditioned stimulus, Kofi salivating is the unconditioned response.

Prior to conditioning, Kofi salivates in response to lasagna being placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, which is the correct labeling of stimuli and response on this situation?

D) school psychologist

Professor Schwiesow is trained as which of the following? A) clinical psychologist B) counseling psychologist C) humanist psychologist D) school psychologist

C) unconditioned stimulus

Professor Swcheiwsow has four students in her class unexpectedly pop balloons resulting in a startle response in most students. In this situation the sound of the popping balloon would be considered a ____.

C. Incubation

Rachel came across a question she did not know while taking her psychology exam she skipped it and moved on returning to it when she recalled the answer which strategy did Rachel use?

C) elaboration

Regularly Angelica studies for her college classes, she actively thinks about the new information thinks about his applications and tries to generate her own examples based on her experiences this could be an example of which concept of memory.

A. Drive reduction

Renasha is cold, so she puts on her sweater to return her temperature to a comfortable state. which theory of motivation does this scenario illustrate?

D) primarily genetic

Researchers have shown that sexual orientation is ______.

C) an amphetamine

Ronnie had just consumed a substance that provided an increase in energy that made it difficult to fall asleep. She has a reduced appetite and is suffering from hallucinations and delusions. What did Ronnie likely ingest?

D. Medical model

Sanchez an 8-year-old boy suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor I probably drink too much alcohol during pregnancy and cause damage to Sanchez's brain. Which model of psychological disorders is forwarded by the statement?

D. Mouth and digestive tract

Satiety signals are sent from which two parts of the body?

B. Attribution styles

Selgeman suggested that when things go wrong people tend to blame internal or external factors stable or unstable factors and global or specific factors. Segelman calls these_______.

B) biological

Sergei is having disturbing thoughts. His therapist suggests doing blood work to measure level of hormones. which perspective is his therapist using? A) sociocultural B) biological C) cognitive D) gestalt

D) drive

Sexual desires fall into which category?

C) self-actualization

Simone has been unbeaten in her sport for years. what motivates her to continue innovating new moves?

D) flash backs

Some individuals who use LSD have distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic the LSD "trips" that occur days, weeks or longer after usage. What are these experiences called ?

A) reinforcement

Sophia does not like eating vegetables. To ensure she eats her vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping dessert every time Sophia finishes her vegetables. In context of behaviorism this is known as _______. A) reinforcement B) introspection C) psychoanalysis C) carthesis

D. Heart disease cancer anxiety and depression

Stress predicts physical and psychological health problems which of the following has it been found to predict?

B)Determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

The Atkinson Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to______.

B) optic nerve

The _____ conducts sensory input to the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe.

A) biological

The ______ perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams-and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species-are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain. A) biological B) psychodynamic C) humanistic-existential D) cognitive

B. Sympathetic nervous system

The ______activates the adrenal medulla causing it to release a mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline during the alarm reaction stage of general adaptation syndrome.

A. Creativity

The ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems is also known as ____.

B) 90 min

The average amount of time it takes to complete each cycle through the stages of NREM sleep and REM sleep lasts about

C) is insensitive to visual stimulation

The blind spot _____.

B. Pervasive worrying about numerous stressors

The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be _______.

D) The person's mood at the time in memory is encoded in retrieved

The critical factor in state dependent retrieval is the influence of:

B. Compulsions are urges to engage in a specific behavior while obsessions are thoughts and images that seem irrational and beyond control.

The difference between obsessions and compulsions is _______.

A) true

The difference between sensation and perception is that sensation, or the stimulation of our senses, is a automated process resulting from sources of energy or the presence of chemical, while perception ia an active process in with sensations are organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world.

B)detecting brain waves by means of measuring current between electrodes placed on the scalp.

The electroencephalograph is a method of _______.

C) iconic

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of _____ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second

C) decibels (dB)

The loudness of a sound is expressed in ______.

B. Traits

The reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior can be called _____.

A. Zone of proximal development

The situation in which a child carries out tasks with the help of someone who is more skilled frequently an adult who represents the culture in which the child develops is called _______.

A. Self-serving bias

The strong tendency to view one success as stemming from internal factors and ones failures as stemming from external factors is called the _______.

A. The bystander effect

The tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping is known as the ______.

C) mirror neurons

These neurons help explain why behaviors like yawning and laughter seem to be "contagious."

B. Biofeedback training

Thomas suffering from severe anxiety. However with the help of his therapist he noticed that his cheek would start to twitch prior to an anxiety attack. This technique is most similar to _________.

D) The means and analysis

Thomas trying to increase his fitness so that I could join some friends on a long distance hiking trip He's trying to determine the best exercise plan to get him to that goal this is an example of______.

D) polygenic

Traits such as sociability and aggressiveness are thought to be __________. A) non inherit B) vestiglail C) monogenic D) polygenic

C) homeostasis

Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pains. she quickly makes this sandwich. eating the sandwich satisfies her hunger. The return to normal bodily function without hunger pains is called _______.

B) exposure to sunlight

What appears to be responsible for regulating the Circadian rhythm?

A. Propinquity and reciprocity

What are the names of the two terms in your text discusses with regard to why we typically develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to us?

D. Physical and sexual abuse during childhood

What is often suggested as the root cause for development of disassociative disorders?

A. They generally have less gray matter.

What is one difference noted via MRI scans that can be seen in the brains of people with schizophrenia?

B) Tolerance

What is the term for habituation to a drug that includes the need for increasingly higher doses of the drug to achieve similar effects?

A) 100%

What percentage of genes are shared by monozygotic twins? A) 100% B) 40% C) 50% D) 20%

D. An implicit social norm

When Brenda takes the elevator she always faces the front. She does this even when there is no written rules or laws that require this behavior. This is an example of ______.

A. Evaluation apprehension

When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering amongst themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to _______.

C) holo phrases

When a child utters the word "mama" it may significant meanings as varied as "there goes mama" "come here mama" and "you are my mama" such single words used by children to express complex meanings or known as ______.

B) placebos

When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called _________. A) antidepressants B) placebos C) noceboes D) analgesic

D. The M'Naughten rule

When an individual is put on trial what has to be used to determine if an insanity plea can be made?

D. Free association

When compared to hypnosis Sigmund Freud found which of these to be more gradual method of breaking through walls of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes?

A. All of the above

When considering the difference between scientific research published in scholarly journals and research presented and popular sources it is important to consider which of the following:

D) beta wave

When you are taking a test you are awake and alert. This means that your brain is currently generating ____.

B) behaviorist

When you are training a pet, you're most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives? A) biological B) behaviorist C) cognitive D) functionalist

A) role theory

Which Theory explains hypnotic events in terms of individuals ability to act as though they're hypnotized?

B) continuity hypothesis

Which Theory offers a possible explanation for why we dream about memories or problems from our day?

B. There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

D) computerized axial tomography scan

Which brain imaging technology takes several x-rays to reveal deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots tumors and other health problems? A) magnetoencephalography scan B) radio frequency identification system C) complete blood count test D) computerized axial tomography scan

A) Epinephrine

Which chemical messenger intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety? A) epinephrine B) thyroxin C) prolactin D) vasopressin

A) there must be no alternative and the benefits must justify the harm

Which condition(s) must be met before an ethics committee will approve an experiment that harms animals? A) there must be no alternative in the benefits justify the harm B) researchers must show that no humans have volunteered to participate C) The harm must be a of short duration and end as quickly as possible D) researchers must prove the animal is not capable of feeling pain

B. Autonomic nervous system

Which division of the peripheral nervous system regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration?

A) medulla

Which is the oblong area of the hind brain involved in regulation of heartbeat blood pressure movement and respiration? A) medulla B) cerebrum C) thalamus D) pons

D. Diathsis stress model

Which model of psychological disorders account for biological differences and individuals and explain why some people develop certain types of psychological disorders under stress while others do not?

D. The age of possibilities

Which of Jeffrey arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?

A practical intelligence

Which of Steinberg's types of intelligence could be referred to as "street smarts?"

C) hypothalamus

Which of the following along with receptors in our liver helps regulate our hunger?

D. Many life changes are positive and occur less frequently

Which of the following are some of the differences between life changes and daily hassles?

C) testosterone may have an activating effect on ones sexual desire

Which of the following best represents the role of testosterone in one's sexual orientation?

C) the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21rst pair.

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

C. Testosterone

Which of the following hormones can heightened the sex drive in women?

B) interviews my influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations

Which of the following is a drawback of case studies? A) interviews are required to disclose personal information about clients B) interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations C) case studies do not collect information about small groups D) case studies are not deceptive and hence do not offer substantial information about participants

A. Establishment of close relationships

Which of the following is a feature of Erickson's intimacy versus isolation stage?

B. It is dependent on the brain maturation of the child.

Which of the following is a feature of a child's motor development?

D. The far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

B) insists on evidence

Which of the following is a principal of critical thinking? A) choose critical thinking over research ethics if required B) insists on evidence C) Avoid being skeptical D) oversimplify problems if necessary

C. Excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution

Which of the following is a sequence of phases for the sexual response cycle?

D. Group members who are overly shy do better in these settings

Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy?

B) surprise

Which of the following is one of Ekmans universal emotions

A. The exhaustion stage

Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

C) The theory says that emotions occur independently from the environment

Which of the following is one of the most common concerns about the Cannon Bard theory?

A) explain the real life consequences of violence

Which of the following is something that parents and educators can do to tone down the impact media violence is having on children?

D. Prefrontal lobotomy

Which of the following is the best known form of psychosurgery that is used with people with severe psychological disorders?

C. Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.

Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

B) plateau phase

Which of the following is the second phase of sexual response cycle?

C. They're more likely to conform to group judgments

Which of the following is true of collectivists

B. Psychological needs differ markedly from one person to another.

Which of the following is true of psychological needs?

C. Systematic desensitization

Which of the following refers to Joseph Wolfe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation?

A. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development?

B) genotype

Which of the following represents your full genetic potential? A) The action potential B) genotype C) phenotype D) resting potential

C) Punishment is another term for negative reinforcement

Which of the following statements about punishment is true?

A) It is the analogous to biochemical hard drive

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?

A. Electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals.

Which of the following statements is true of aggression?

A) it is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems

Which of the following statements is true of applied research? A) it is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems B) it is broad and nonspecific in its approach C) it is categorized as research for its own sake D) it has no immediate application to personal or social problems

A. Both goals involved in these conflicts are attainable

Which of the following statements is true of approach approach conflicts?

A) true

cochlear implants contain microphones that sense sounds and electric equipment that transmits sound past damage hair cells to stimulate the auditory nerve.

C. Agreement and praise are more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views

Which of the following statements is true of changing attitudes through persuasion?

A) its involuntary, automatic learning

Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?

D. External threat heightens the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress

Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

B) "loose" neurotransmitters are either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal

Which of the following statements is true of neurotransmitters? A) once released by this synaptic vesicles, all the molecules of a neurotransmitter find their way into receptor sites B) "loose" neurotransmitters are either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal C) "loose" neurotransmitters are held by synapses before being released into the synaptic fluid D) neurotransmitters have identical chemical structures that can fit into any receptor site

C) it is determined my exposing individuals to progressively strong stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.

Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?

A) children bringing neurological prewiring to language learning

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

D) psychologist are guided by principals of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method? A) the scientific method of research begins by testing a hypothesis B) the scientific method is a strict set of guidelines that psychologists must adhere to when conducting research on human behavior. C) psychologist using the scientific method of research always confuse correlation or associations between research findings with cause and effect D) psychologist are guided by principals of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

A visual illusion

Which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constancies on the eye?

c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Which of the following tests is an example of an objective personality test?

C) mutation

Which of these best defined as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristic, as a distinguished from a variation that results from generations of gradual selection?

D. Intelligence

Which of these is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason plan solve problems think abstractly comprehend complex ideas learn quickly and learn from experience?

B) Wechsler scale

Which one of these assessments groups test questions into a number of separate subjects were each subject measures a different intellectual task?

A) Iris

Which structure in the front of the eye dilates and constricts to determine how much light will be allowed to get into the eye?

A. Validity

Which term refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure?

b) the activation-synthesis model

Which theory related to dreams states that acetylcholine and the pons stimulate responses that lead to dreaming?

C) alpha waves

Which type of brain waves are described as rapid low amplitude brain waves that have been linked to feelings of relaxation ?

D. Ronnie who sees changes as an opportunity to grow

Who among the following exhibits a characteristic of psychological hardiness

B. Philippe Pinel

Who led humanitarian reforms in France to unchain patients and mental hospitals?

C. Stimulating the output of endorphins

You're more helps people cope with stress by _____.

A. Intimacy

______ involves championing The interests of the loved one even if it entails sacrificing one's own.

C. Objective

______ tests are tests whose items must be answered in a specified limited manner and have conquered answers.

C. Eustress

______. Stress is considered healthy.

D. Altruism

_______ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

B) critical thinking

_______ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence. A) reinforcement B) critical thinking C) introspection D) Conditioning

C) Dissociative amnesia

________ Is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.

C) cognitive psychologists

________ primarily study how we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan, problem solve, and use language A) human factor psychologists B) developmental psychologists C) cognitive psychologists D) social psychologists

D. Fear appeal

__________ is a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the bias of arousing anxiety and concern instead of rational analysis of the issues.

C. Social cognitive theorists

__________believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and is likely to be reinforced.

A. Biological factors

________such as pathogens injuries age gender and family history of disease my strike us as the most obvious cases of illness.

B. Self-efficacy

_______refers to our ability to bring out desired changes through our own efforts.

B. Conflict

______is the feeling of being pulled into or more directions by opposing motives.

A) trichomat

a person with normal color vision

C) reinforcement

in the context of operant conditioning. when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more likes, this is also a example of _______.

C) Melatonin

sleep-inducing hormone

A) cones

visual activity is highest when images are focused on the fovea b/c of the high concentration of ____ in the region.

B) subliminal stimulation

visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process then. this is an example of ______.

B) adrenocorticotropic hormone

which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex?

B) medulla

which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing?

C) vision

which of the following sense is dominant in humans?

C) all colors except either red or green

your friend Adelina tells you that she is red-green colorblind. this means she sees things in _____.