Psychology Final

Two weeks after conception, this little ball of cells, now known as a blastocyst, implants itself in the uterus. Not all zygotes make it this far, however. 1/2 will fail to implant and are flushed out of the body.

1/2

Jenny has just started to notice the difference between happy, sad, and angry facial expressions. Based on this, you could probably assume that she is about how old?

4-7 months

In Milgram's study on obedience, a man in a lab-coat told subjects to give increasingly painful shocks to a person in another room. He found that about ______ of people would obey to the point where they thought they had killed the person

62%

Anterograde amnesia is more likely to occur when

A person falls down the slide at school, hitting their head, and now they are unable to transfer new information from short term to long term memory

What is unique about taste aversion?

A) It can occur after only one trial C) The duration - it lasts a long time A & C

Based on Sterberg's Triangular theory of love, identify two relationships in TV or Movies where the couple experiencing passionate love - explain why they are in that type of love. Then do the same for companionate love.

Anna and Hans had passionate love. They had a thing for each other from the beginning. Their relationship moves quickly and then it goes bad. Anna gets used and it ends their relationship. The movie alladin is another one about passionate love. At first sight there is a spark. They then are with each other the rest of the movie getting more and more like each other. And then she finds out he is a fake and it goes downhill. Beauty and the beast is an example of companionate love. They are able to work through their problems together despite their differences. Another one is the little mermaid. She has a problem and he fixes it and they work together and live happily ever after.

If you were a pretty intense coffee drinker and then decided to quit... after a while of not having the coffee smell in your life the response of the smell would weaken. This is called ___Extinction ____ but if one day you fell off the wagon and drank your favorite coffee again the response would come back just as strong as ever. This is __Spontaneous Recovery ______

Answer 1:Extinction Answer 2:Spontaneous Recovery

If you loved eating at a drive through restaurants that had one of those hoses that "ding" when you run over it to let the staff know there is a car at the window. You may eventually start salivating at the sound of the ding. In this example what is the US is Food and the CS is Ding

Answer 1:Food Answer 2:Ding

Your friend Heather (a heterosexual female) is talking about this guy, Joel, that she thinks is so attractive. Based on research in human attraction, and particularly for females, you can assume that he will Have a symmetrical face and will probably Have abundant financial resources

Answer 1:Have a symmetrical face Answer 2:Have abundant financial resources

Allan has always considered himself an honest person. Then one day he finds that he is lying to his sister. Allan first experiences [ Select ] ["correspondence bias", "diffusion of responsibility", "normative influence", "cognitive dissonance", "informational influence", "conformity"] and then tells himself that he was just doing it to protect her feelings -which was [ Select ] ["reciprocal altruism", "Justification", "diffusion of responsibilty", "correspondence bias", "changing beliefs to match actions", "changing actions to match beliefs"] .

Answer 1:cognitive dissonance Answer 2:Justification

If you were participating in Asch's line study and you were the subject - If you answered that the line was the obviously wrong answer because you did not want others to judge you, you would be experiencing normative influence . Whereas if you did it because you honestly thought that the other people could see and understand what was going on better than you, you would be experiencing informational influence

Answer 1:normative influence Answer 2:informational influence

Fredrico's parents believe that for him to be a good person, he must learn compliance and obedience. So they have a lot of rules in their house. His parents expect him to do as he is told without explanation; if not he receives very severe punishments. It is likely that Fredrico's parents have which parenting style?

Authoritarian

If you are really concerned about an election you want to make sure you vote for the person you feel is the best choice. Because of this when a commercial comes on you really listen to the specific reasons and logic of what they are saying. You are experiencing

Central Rout Processing

If a child begins to make mental representations of places and objects, they also understand more complex jokes, and they have mastered conservation it is likely that they are in which cognitive development stage

Concrete Operational

On Black Friday you notice that people do things that they would normally never do. It is like they are forgetting their restraints on behavior or values and just becoming a member of the crowd. This phenomena is called.

Deindividuation

When you learned how to play basketball by watching your coach, who learned by watching their coach, who learned by watching their coach.... this is an example of

Diffusion Chain

The attachment style we might see from a family where there is drug use or child abuse would be the

Disorganized

Your book describes classical conditioning as your brain trying to predict contingencies. Which neurotransmitter helps the most with this

Dopamine

You are in the military learning infantry training. You are learning to use grenades. Every time you or anyone in your company throws one they yell "Volkswagen". After about an hour of training, you notice that everyone covers their heads & ears when someone yells "Volkswagen". In this example, match the correct events to the correct stimuli

Duck and Cover after training CR Volkswagen before training NS Loud sound of the grenade US Volkswagen after training CS

Match the statements with the correct way to finish.

Early Maturing Boys are More confident and social Early Maturing Boys struggle with Increased impuslivity and delinquency Early Maturing Girls Have difficulty fitting in with peers Early Mautring Girls have anxity about Social evaluation and embarrassment

You were able to easily memorize the capitals of all the states because when you were younger, your family moved around a lot. You lived in 29 states by the time you were 16. So you needed to know the capital of each state you lived in. Which concept best describes why this was easy for you to remember?

Elaborative Encoding

For older adults to maintain brain health, they should...

Engaging in new tasks that are cognitively demanding

If you were to think back about the times you went hunting with your father, and were to relate the story to your children, you are using which type of memory.

Episodic Memory

For a woman and child to be healthy during pregnancy she should gain between 5 - 10lbs

False

Playing Mozart to your unborn child has a tendency to make is more intelligent

False

Priming is another variation of subliminal influence

False

You love going to Sip-it Soda Shack. Not only do they have the best drinks, but they give you a punch card so that every time you get a drink you get a punch. After 12 punches you get a free drink. This is which schedule?

Fixed Ratio

The day that there was a bomb-threat at your school was shocking to you. You swear that the events and details of that day are burned into your memory. This is an example of

Flashbulb memory

When you were a pre-teen you started to have a disproportionate body. This is in part because development and motor skills emerge (2 answers)

From head to feet From the center of the body out

You are sitting in a movie theater and you see someone in front of you poking the person next to them, then wrapping their arms around them, then what looks like kissing them for a very long time. You are distracted and frustrated by this so you might think ____________ about this person. But you later find out that the one person was choking on something and they were trying to save their life. Your original assumption was based on

Fundamental attribution error

Jenny is a 50 year old woman who is trying to find ways to make positive contributions to her society because she does not want to end up like her brother (who is just a few years older than her) and he is feeling disconnected and uninvolved socially. According to Erickson, which stage is Jenny in?

Generativity vs Stagnation

Your father has a strong prejudice against "The Irish". You want to help him past this because your fiancé is Irish! You learned in this class about ways to reduce prejudice. So you will likely try which two strategies below?

Have your dad and your fiance try and work together to fix a leak in your house that neither could do alone Have your dad and your fiancé both help your mom's mom with some yardwork - and your grandmother is vocal about liking this person and the Irish

What are the 4 characteristics of a model that increase the likelihood of attention

How attractive they are. If you can relate to them. They look trustable/likeable. And they are prestigious.

What part of the healthy relationships section did you find the most valuable and why?

I believe that trust was the most valuable. You always need trust in a healthy relationship. If you have no trust you are less likely to do things with the person. Because if you can't trust them then you will not know the outcome of situations your in. Trust is also valuable because it is what can make us likeable. A person who is trusted can draw more people towards them than less trustable people.

Based on some of the strategies for impression management, how could you work to improve the way your roommates see you in the first week of school?

I could be really neat. I could be neat but not too neat. I can clean up after them but also remind them to please clean up. It will show that I am not lazy and I will work. I will also help them with anything they need. Or offer to make some rules like you make dinner these days and Ill make it the other days.

Provide an example of Satiation happening in your life. (not using music)

I used to always play a game on my phone. I have been playing for a long time. Now it is something I have deleted because I got bored and didn't get satisfaction from it.

Your wife asks you to go out to the garage and get a box. You can see what the box looks like, you can see the garage, but you can not remember exactly where you put it. This is...

Iconic memory

You want to impress the person you like, so you come into their class to surprise them. However when you do this people start looking. You assume that they are all looking at you and evaluating you - it is more likely that you are experiencing which part of adolescent egocentrism?

Imaginary Audience

When conditioning youself, you found that if your friend blew an air-horn right next to your ear you conditioned much faster than if he did it from another room. This would be because of

Intensity

What impact is technology having on memory

It is making our memory worse. Technology is making us rely more on it than ourselves. For example we take a picture of something then it leaves our minds. This is because we know technology will continue to be there when we need it.

You decide to do an evil fundraiser at your school. During all of the breaks between classes, before school, at lunch, and after school you have the office play "baby shark" over and over and over again via the intercom. The only way the student body can get this to stop is to donate a specific amount of money. This is using.

Negative Reinforcement

Now that we have discussed memory (and you have presumably read the chapter), identify how you could use several of these concepts to improve your performance in your college classes.

One of the concepts was remembering where it was on the page but not what. I will study more to know the terms and not just where it is. I will put them into flash cards or something to make them less predictable. This will allow me to remember the terms better.

If you were delivering newspapers to all the muppets who lived on Sesame Street, what type of memory would you most likely use to keep the houses in the correct order you needed to visit?

Organizatoinal

Which of the following statements are true

Parenthood decreases well-being and marital satisfactions until kids leave home Married people are happier than unmarried, widowed, or divorced.

Lydia's thinks her mom is great. She rarely gives her any rules, she never really punishes her, but her mom is like a friend to her. It is likely, that Lydia's mom has which parenting style?

Permissive

While in your psychology class, you meet a total hottie! You ask them for their snap, and they tell you. But you don't have your phone or anything to write it down. So you keep repeating it over and over again to try and help it encode into working memory. This is called.

Phonological Loop

What is this image illustrating?

Political polarization

You love listening to Taylor Swift. One day she comes to visit you personally! You discover that she is arrogant and annoying. So you stop listening to her music

Positive Punishment

Sharon is picking her nose. after about 10 minutes of trying to get that illusive booger she finally gets it! but as she is trying to pull it out she discovers it really hurts. Once she gets it, she quickly moves onto the left nostril.

Positive Reinforcement

Sex Money Sleep Food

Primary secondary primary primary

You just got a new boyfriend/girlfriend. You feel like this time things will be better than in your last relationship. But one day you come home and you call your new boyfriend/girlfriend by your ex's name.... this is because of

Proactive interference

Whitney is watching a horror movie and notices that when the tense music comes on she begins to get tense and then when the murderer jumps out her fear response is much stronger.

Sensitization

In the first two years of life which of Piaget's stages would a person be in?

Sensorimotor

Little Johny is in School. He is kind of a trouble maker. One day he acts out in class and the teacher wants to punish him so he won't do it any more. To be effective she should make sure she does three things, they are: (mark all three)

Severe, Swift, Salient

If you were playing a first person shooter - based on what you learned in chapter 15 - if a person were to come out holding a soda or a wallet and they were black ... you would likely

Shoot them

The type of memory that fades very quickly, nearly the blink of an eye is

Short term memory

After breaking up with someone, your family takes you to the restaurant that your former significant other always took you to. When you walk in you have a wave of memories and emotions connected to that person. This is the result of what concept?

State Dependent learning

How is mood congruent memory different than state dependent learning and what can it teach you about people's memories when they are experiencing negative emotions?

State dependents are memories that you have to be in to remember. Like kissing a person at a certain spot. Whereas mood is just a mood you are having that connects to another memory with a similair mood. So it can tell us that negative emotions or places are bad because it can make things worse. It can make them worse by showing you what has always happened when you were at a spot or felt something. For example if you broke up in a park, you will never want to go back to the park. This is because you are avoiding your memories.

James has an evil friend who has conditioned him to salivate at the smell of McDonalds. However, the other day he drove by a Wendy's and started salivating. What is happening?

Stimulus Generalization

Correctly identify which of the following ARE drawbacks to punishment

Suzie did not clean her room. She knows she will get yelled at when she goes home, so she goes to a friends house Avoidance & Escape Hope gets punished all the time because her parents are highly punitive. She has got to the point where she just doesn't care, and doesn't even pay attentoin Apathy Victor decides to ignore his parents warnings about riding his motorcycle and breaks his arm Not a drawback

In Harlow's experiments on Reeces monkeys, the baby monkeys went to which mother and why?

The baby monkeys tended to go to the terry cloth mother than they did with the wire mother. This was because the terry cloth mother was more caring and she provided nourishment. They only went to the wire mother when she had food. They then immediately went back to the cloth mother.

BRIEFLY describe the cycle of abuse and how it relates to a child possibly having disorganized attachment

There is many parts to the cycle of abuse. It can start out with a healthy relationship then change very quickly. One of the first signs is controlling. Or giving them no opinions or say in something. They can ask for something but then just not get it. This is the start to an unhealthy relationship. This can lead to abuse from resistance. The child can then resist and they will then lead into being abused. This can lead to disorganized attachment because the child experienced something difficult early on. They then will have many situations in the future that there are signs of both. They will choose not to trust them which will make them have disorganized attachment.

Why would John Watson tell advertisers to put images such as babies, puppies, or partially naked women in advertising? (the name of the theorists should tell you a lot - reference how his theory would apply)

These images would make us want to watch it. It would make something that we care about. So we would pay attention and get emotional responses that grab our thoughts and attention.

When you leave for work your spouse asks you to pick up some things at the store. When you get off work, several hours later, you go to the store, but can not remember all the things on the list. The "sin" of memory that is impacting you the most right now is

Time

All American adults reason at a Sensory-Motor Level

True

Children who watched adults abuse a Bo-bo doll were more likely to use guns against a similar doll

True

Prejudice can be neutral or even positive

True

We remember information better if it is related to our survival

True

Women are choosier about mate selection

True

How would psychologists use habituation to explain why there seems to be more graphic violence and sexuality in today's TV shows compared to 40 years ago?

We can see it more often and slowly get used to it. We will then just make it seem like a daily thing. So we will make it a habit.

The weapon effect is

We tend to remember prominent central details but not the surrounding ones, but

Match each social influence technique with the appropriate statement:

You ask a friend if you can borrow their phone to make a call, then you ask them to help you take something heavy to your car, then you ask them to go with you on a 6 hour trip to deliver the heavy object Foot-in-the-door Your brother comes and gives you a compliment on your outfit before asking you to help him with the dishes Norm of Reciprocity You go home to meet your significant other's parents. When everyone goes into the house you notice that they all take their shoes off and hug each other... so you do the same Social Validation A moderately attractive individual asks you on a date. You say yes! They talk to you about all the fun things you will do on the date, how people will be jealous, and other things to get you excited about the date.... Then, they change when and where the date will be. You are hesitant now, but you already feel committed to the date. Low-Ball As you are talking to someone you just met in your class, you feel like you really just connected so well... because when you got excited, they got excited. When you were slow eating, they were slow eating... and so on. Friendship and attractiveness Your mother just met your significant other. She tells you that you should not date someone like them. You immediately go up to your room, call them, and say you think you are falling in love with them. Psychological reactance

Which of the following is an example the serial posting effect

Your teacher gave you a list of assignments to do, but you can only remember the first and last of the list

Edgar goes to get a drink from the drinking fountain. He walks to the back of the line like you are supposed to do... even though no one taught him that specifically. Edgar is demonstrating

a norm

According to Albert Bandura, what are the main processes involved in observational (social) learning?

attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement

When someone changes their memory of how they felt about an issue in the past because how they feel about it now has changed, they have a tendency to look back on their memories as if they have always felt this way. This is called (hint: not hindsight)

consistency bias

Which of the following is not a Teratogen

cooking sprays

Vygotsky's sociocultural view of development emphasized that the child's mind grows through

interaction with the social environment

How would we test for a sense of self or self-awareness in children?

placing a red dot on nose then letting them look in the mirror

Gary is listening to Kohlberg's story about a man stealing medicine to save his family. He says "No I would not steel it, if I steel I might go to Hell." This is an example of which of Kohlberg's stages?

preconventional

When people act in their own best interest, and such actions negatively impact the group or community (i.e. not paying your taxes) it is called

prisoners dilemma

Adolescence is unique because it begins with physical signs, but ends with

social acceptance