Psychology Final Part II

Prejudice is a(n) _________, whereas discrimination is a(n) ________.

attitude; behavior

Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution?

"I did a good job because the task was easy."

In a crowded mall parking lot, dozens of people hear a female voice yell, "He's killing me!" Yet no one calls the police. What is the reason for the lack of action, according to Darley and Latané?

Diffusion of responsibility is the reason most people do not respond.

Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. What does she write concerning Alex?

He made a dispositional attribution.

"Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes." The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." How would a social psychologist describe this situation?

The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution.

What term refers to helping behavior that is performed voluntarily for the benefit of another person, with no anticipation of reward?

altruism

Herbie and Irene have been married for almost 55 years. Through it all they have remained committed to each other and have been as close as two people can be. Over the years, the passion has waned but they still stayed together. Sternberg would call this type of love ________________.

companionate

Which type of love is defined as having only intimacy and commitment?

companionate

Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from ________.

competition over scarce resources

When opposites attract, it is said that they have __________ characteristics.

complementary

The classic Robber's Cave study showed that prejudice can be reduced by ________.

cooperating to meet a mutually beneficial goal

When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the cause of an action as something _____.

external

The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________.

in-group

What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?

interpersonal attraction

We tend to _________ attractive people more than we do less attractive people.

like

All of the following are Sternberg's components of love EXCEPT ________________.

loyalty

A social group of people viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect is a(n) ______.

out-group

A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of _____ . His refusal to grant them loans is an example of _____.

prejudice; discrimination

The term psychologists use for how close two people live to each other is ______.

proximity

What term do social psychologists use for the process of making people in an out-group responsible for the problems of people in the in-group?

scapegoating

The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a particular social group in society is called _____________.

social identity

The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ___________.

testosterone

What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students?

the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

The Kitty Genovese case depicts ________.

the bystander effect

In Zimbardo's prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. After the prisoners staged a revolt, the researchers found that _______________.

the guards became more aggressive

Scapegoats are usually the group of people with _________.

the least power