Psychology Final pt 3

autonomy versus shame and doubt

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of: a. trust versus mistrust. b. autonomy versus shame and doubt. c. initiative versus guilt. d. industry versus inferiority

id

According to Freud, the __________ represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious. a. ego b. superego c. preconscious mind d. id

anal-retentive trait

In the context of Freud's theory of psychosexual development, a strong need for order is a(n) _____. a. anal-expulsive trait b. oral trait c. latent trait d. anal-retentive trait

claustrophobia

In the context of specific phobias, __________ is the fear of tight or enclosed places. a. xenophobia b. altophobia c. acrophobia d. claustrophobia

they are developed through experience

In the context of the drive-reduction theory, which of the following is true of acquired drives? a. They are developed through experience. b. They are passed though genes. c. They are the primary manifestation of physiological needs. d. They are primarily a result of physical deprivation.

Group therapy

Jessie, who suffers from episodes of depression, shares her personal experiences with a few people with similar problems. They meet every week under the supervision of a therapist to discuss their problems. In which of the following therapies is Jessie most likely participating? a. Dream analysis b. Group therapy c. Traditional hypnotherapy d. Classical conditioning

posttraumatic stress disorder

Kim and her family were involved in a road accident. Kim was the only survivor. Her son and husband were declared spot dead. When Kim returned home, she started having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left Kim with a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Kim is most likely suffering from: a. body dysmorphic disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. posttraumatic stress disorder. d. somatoform disorder.

control their alcohol intake

People with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to: a. gain weight. b. have irrational beliefs. c. control their alcohol intake. d. have high levels of noradrenaline.

social facilitation

The group effect called __________ is likely to lead the group to make more risky shifts in decision making. a. social facilitation b. catharsis c. polarization d. propinquity

Erik Erikson

_____ believed that to a large extent a person is a conscious architect of his or her own personality. a. Karen Horney b. Alfred Adler c. Carl Jung d. Erik Erikson

anxiety disorder

__________is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax. a. Psychomotor retardation b. Dissociative amnesia c. Delusional disorder d. Anxiety disorder

cognitive-dissonance

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. The _____ theory best explains this behavior. a. facial-feedback b. triarchic c. cognitive-dissonance d. drive-reduction

multiple personality disorder

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed__________. a. sensory processing disorder b. multiple personality disorder c. autism spectrum disorder d. illness anxiety disorder

Cognitive-appraisal theory

In an experiment, Jay and Alissa are injected with the same concentration of a harmless drug. The purpose of the drug is to create arousal in the subjects who are injected. After a while, the arousal manifests as anger in Jay and as happiness in Alissa. Jay felt angry that he was injected with an unknown substance but Alissa was happy to be a part of the experiment. These experimental findings can be explained by the _____. a. Cognitive-dissonance theory b. Cannon-Bard theory c. Cognitive-appraisal theory d. James-Lange theory

They believe that consciousness and choice play key roles in aggressive behavior among humans

In the context of aggression, which of the following is a perspective of social-cognitive theorists? a. They believe that aggression is a natural and instinctive reaction to the frustrations of daily life. b. They believe that consciousness and choice play key roles in aggressive behavior among humans. c. They believe that aggressive skills are mainly acquired by repressing most aggressive impulses in the unconscious recesses of the mind. d. They believe that chemistry is involved in aggression, especially in the form of the male sex hormone testosterone.

prejudice is connected with avoidance, aggression, and discrimination

In behavioral terms, which of the following is true of prejudice? a. Prejudice is connected with avoidance, aggression, and discrimination. b. Prejudice is associated with positive feelings such as love, peace, and hope. c. Prejudice is the least troubling kind of attitude. d. Prejudice is the tendency to seek justification for strenuous efforts.

his heart and respiration rates slow down and his muscles become fatigued

Kevin is in the exhaustion stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to occur? a. His heart and respiration rates slow down and his muscles become fatigued. b. His endocrine and sympathetic activity is higher than in the alarm stage. c. His hypothalamus secretes corticotrophin-releasing hormones, which in turn causes his pituitary gland to secrete cortisol. d. His body is activated and he experiences a fight-or-flight reaction.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to the germs. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Kyle demonstrates: a. illness anxiety disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. dissociative identity disorder. d. posttraumatic stress disorder.

begin to eat uncontrollably

When a rat's ventromedial nucleus is destroyed, the rat will: a. develop an aversion to food. b. stop eating solid food. c. begin to eat uncontrollably. d. continue to eat the amount of food it does normally.

Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow

Who among the following exhibits a characteristic of psychological hardiness? a. Rose, who feels alienated from her co-workers b. Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow c. Robert, who feels helpless at work d. Rufus, who believes that stability is normal