Psychology Midterm 1

Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind?

C. Dr. Mann. who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time

In the ________, people will be more likely to agree with a small request after they have refused a large request.

C. door-in-the-face technique

The memory of your wedding day is an example of a

C. episodic memory

Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that:

C. is systematic and reasonable.

Storage in this memory system is brief and represents a sensory experience.

C. sensory memory

In ________, the presence of others may lead to increased arousal and enhanced performance.

C. social facilitation

Interneurons communicate:

C. within local or shore distance circuits.

James experienced a brain injury and now he can only say "tan." James's injury most likely occurred in:

C.Broca's area

What part of the neuron releases chemical signals?

B. terminal buttons

Remembering that he needed to pick up milk on the way home from work, Jon is using his _____ memory system.

B. prospective

________ is critical for group formation, as it helps us to predict that in response to friendly actions people will likely behave cooperatively, whereas in response to hostile actions people will likely behave more aggressively.

A. Reciprocity

Uchenna has been studying for his philosophy midterm all day. It is now 3:00 AM, and the exam is at 8:00 AM the same morning. The best thing that Uchenna can do now to increase his chances of doing well on the exam is to:

A. get some sleep

Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of deindividuation?

A. group identification

A group of microbiology students has been working on a semester-long project that will determine 50 percent of the students' course grades. A week before the project is due, the students realize they have made a critical error and their results are useless. One member of the group argues strongly that they should falsify their results so they will be able to turn in a successful project. Though all the other members have doubts, none of them feels comfortable saying so. All the members ignore the possibility of being caught and convince themselves to falsify the report. This scenario is an example of:

A. groupthink

According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to:

A. identify the elements of conscious experience.

Each of the following has been shown to be a reason for bystander apathy EXCEPT:

A. lack of religious affiliation

Kumar is trying to remember who ran against John F. Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election. Kumar's search for information to answer this question is being carried out in his:

A. long-term memory

Karl's grandmother, who came from Poland, died when he was three. He can remember very little about her. In fact, he has no conscious memories of the wonderful Polish food she used to cook. One day, Karl walks by a Polish restaurant and is flooded with memories of his grandmother. The food served as a _____ for Karl's memories of his grandmother.

A. retrieval cue

The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is the EXCEPTION to this rule?

A. smell

Trying to understand the relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an example of the connection between:

A. the brain and the mind

The failure to offer help to someone observed to be in need is referred to as:

A. the bystander intervention effect

Which of the following is a benefit of using heuristics and mental shortcuts?

A. they can lead to reasonably good decisions without too much effort.

Christopher is a middle-aged accountant. Which of the following would be considered his outgroup?

B. Females

Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which a signal generally travels through a neuron?

B. dendrite, soma, axon, terminal buttons

Even though Manuel has watched his psychology professor lecture three times a week for 10 weeks, he does not know what color her hair is. This lack of knowledge most likely represents a failure of:

B. encoding

Short-term memory is transferred to long-term memory via a process called:

B. encoding

When people are uncertain of how to behave, they often look to others to help tell them the "right way" to do things. This type of conformity is known as ________ influence.

B. informational

Dave walks into his dorm and finds his roommate Pete concentrating and staring at an apple. When he questions what he is doing, Pete tells Dave he is trying to describe the apple's quality and intensity. Pete is using what technique?

B. introspection

In the nervous system, cells called ________ receive, integrate, and transmit information.

B. neurons

Penny consumes a recreational drug. She finds that she is extremely sensitive to what is going on around her, too vigilant in fact. The drug Penny consumed seems to enhance the activity of the neurotransmitter:

B. norepinephrine

When not active, neurons have a negative electrical charge. This is referred to as:

B. resting membrane potential

Which of the following is an example of the "seeing relationships that do not exist" bias in thinking described in your text?

D. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam.

Damage to this brain area would have a profound impact on motor learning.

D. cerebellum

When everyone in her class stated that he or she liked to dance, Jill reported liking it, too, even though she dislikes it. This incident is an example of:

D. conformity

What are the three steps in memory information processing?

D. encoding, storage, retrieval

The phrase adrenaline rush refers to the action of the neurotransmitter:

D. epinephrine

You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in order to avoid the confirmation bias?

D. place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs

Remembering how to ride a bike is an example of which type of memory?

D. procedural

Dualism is the idea that

D. the mind and the brain are separate entities

Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace believes that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how would you resolve this argument?

c. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior.