Psychology Missed answers

The use of physical punishment may:

- lead to the suppression but not the forgetting of undesirable behavior. - model aggression as a way of coping with problems. - lead people to fear and avoid the punishing agent.

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

CS; US

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons.

Free radicals

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

Pavlov

During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

REM sleep than in Stage 2 sleep.

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

Five year old trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. to get him to speak , his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of:

Shaping

Visual information is processed by

after processed by rods and cones then bipolar cells

Long sound waves are to short sound waves as a ________ voice is to a ________ voice.

bass; soprano

Ms.Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates

blindsight

As a rock musician who has experienced prolonged exposure to high-amplitude sounds, Rodney is beginning to lose his hearing. It is most likely that this hearing loss involves problems in the

cochlea

Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of

computer keyboards

A childs fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a:

conditioned response

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

cones

When grocery shopping with his mother, 4-year-old Hakim sometimes throws temper tantrums if his mother refuses his requests for a particular snack food. Parent-training experts would suggest that his mother should

continue shopping while ignoring his tantrums

The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.

depth perception

Sleep Deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity to disease

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

dreaming

Objects higher in our field of vision are perceived as ________ due to the principle of ________.

farther away; relative height

The perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings is called

figure ground perception

The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the

fovea

As the airplane descended for a landing, the pilot saw several beautiful islands that appeared to float in a vast expanse of blue ocean water. In this instance, the ocean is a

ground

Rates of operant responding are ________ for fixed-ratio than for fixed-interval schedules; they are ________ for variable-ratio than for variable-interval schedules.

higher; higher

B.F Skinner's Work elaborated what E.L Thorndlike had called:

latent learning

During a REM sleep, people who experience _____ are likely to wonder whether they are in fact, dreaming

lucid dreams

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by

opponent process theory

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

Exposure to bright light causes the

pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin

Because Carmella, Jorge, and Gail were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, Ruth perceived that they were all members of the same bowling team. This best illustrates the organizational principle of

proximity

spontaneous recovery refers to the:

reappearance, after a rest pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as

relative height

The auditory cortex in deaf persons often becomes responsive to visual input. This best illustrates

sensory compensation

Bedwetting is most likely to occur at the end of ___ sleep

slow wave

Compared to when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds:

spend less time in deep sleep

REM rebound involves the

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

When the soundtrack for a movie is played in the back of a classroom, students tend to perceive the sound as originating from the picture screen in the front of the room. This best illustrates:

visual capture

Gestalt psychologists emphasize that

whole is more than sum of its parts