Psychology: Module 39

The Big Five personality factors are reported to have a heritability of approximately _____ percent for each dimension.

40

According to your text, several studies have shown that ____ percent of business managers and more than 90 percent of college professors rated their performance as superior to that of their average peer.

90

Which is NOT a way in which individuals and environments interact?

People are unable to choose their environment.

In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective on personality, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the trait perspective can you cite?

People do not act with predictable consistency, and behavior varies from one situation to the next.

Tiffany has high self-esteem. Which of these qualities does she NOT have?

She is shy.

In a psychology class debate on the social-cognitive perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following is a criticism of the social-cognitive perspective?

This perspective focuses too much on the situation and fails to appreciate a person's inner traits.

________ is a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act.

Trait

Melissa is a high school junior who wants to be a veterinarian. She is envisioning:

a possible self.

One of the Big Five personality factors is:

agreeableness

According to Albert Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among:

behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events.

If the self-serving bias is evident in the way an athlete explains her success or failure, she might:

blame her failure on bad officiating.

Yu-Fin is from China. She defines her goals in terms of her family's goals and values. Her identity is based on her identification with her extended family, which brings her great comfort and security. Yu-Fin is demonstrating _____.

collectivism

Giving priority to the goals of one's group such as one's extended family and defining one's identity accordingly is called:

collectivism.

Research has shown that the traits of extraversion and _____ have increased in the United States and the Netherlands.

conscientiousness

The Big Five personality factors include:

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion.

Krista had a really hard day at work. She is feeling worthless and unlovable. She is overheard making disparaging comments about herself such as, "No one likes me." Psychologists indicate that she might be doing this to:

elicit reassuring comments.

Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Which of the following Big Five personality factors would best describe his personality?

emotional stability

Two dimensions mentioned by Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck include extraversion-introversion and:

emotional stability-instability.

After Carl learns that he has failed his history exam, his self-esteem is temporarily lowered and he is more likely to:

express some underlying racial prejudice, be extra critical of his wife's cooking, and make disparaging comments about his mother-in-law.

According to Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck, the individual variation that is apparent across people can be reduced to several dimensions, including:

extraversion-introversion.

In applying to graduate school, Rebecca must submit not only the completed application form but also letters of recommendation, GRE scores, transcripts, and a personal statement. Which of these is the BEST indicator of her potential for success in graduate school?

her academic transcripts

The United States is largely __________, but it includes many cultural subgroups that remain collectivist.

individualist

Which of the following is NOT a social-cultural influence in the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality?

learned responses

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n) _____ test.

objective

Personality inventories are associated with:

objective scoring

Self-esteem refers to:

our feelings of high or low self-worth.

Medical students earn higher grades if they have a clear vision of themselves as successful doctors. This best illustrates the motivational significance of:

possible selves.

Albert Bandura's social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of:

reciprocal determinism.

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates:

reciprocal determinism.

Yesterday, Harold thought Grant was mad at him, and so he ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. In truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism.

Elaine just received her grade for the final exam in her psychology course. She was absolutely sure she knew the material but received a 67 on the exam. Elaine is likely to:

say that the exam was unfair.

Kaley tends to avoid talking with others because she fears that she will be judged harshly by them. Kaley can best be described as being:

shy.

The _____ perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction of people's traits with their situations.

social-cognitive

These theories explore the interaction between people's traits and their social context.

social-cognitive theories

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that seem to be consistent with a set of factors called:

the Big Five.

Your friend is giving a speech tomorrow and she is worried because she's not happy with her new haircut. She is convinced everyone will be staring at her bangs and discussing her unattractive hairstyle. Her overestimation of people's reactions is known as:

the spotlight effect.

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:

traits.

Your 5-year-old niece loves to pretend she is a scientist. She also enjoys pretending she is a horse trainer. These pretend games allow children to:

try out many possible selves.

Which of the following is NOT a biological influence in the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality?

unconscious thought processes

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI):

was empirically derived.