Psychology of workforce diversity UWF Exam 1

Social construction is:

A theory that describes the process through which we develop shared understandings of the world.

In the ASA model, which term refers to the termination or resignation of an employee due to a lack of fit?

Allocated Layoff Selective Relinquishment Absenteeism Correct Answer None of the above

Kimberlé Crenshaw:

Is an African American lawyer who discovered that intersectional identity had blocked Black women from the protection of Title VII in a 1976 discrimination case against General Motors.

The glass ceiling:

Is an invisible barrier that prevents certain groups from progressing beyond certain levels in organizations.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding a narrow definition of diversity?

It is more likely to garner support from the majority

Which of the following are true regarding affirmative action?

It seeks to prevent future discrimination It focuses on proactive measures It helps identify areas that are underutilized in the workforce All of the above

Social categorization is advantageous because it:

Allows for efficient mental processing.

Gunner thinks that Jews are particularly funny. He overestimates the association between being a stand-up comedian and being Jewish because both characteristics are very distinctive from the normal population. This demonstrates:

An illusory correlation.

Socialization refers to:

Both formal and informal processes occurring as a newcomer learns skills, knowledge, attitudes, and contextual information needed to function as a productive employee.

In social science, acculturation refers to:

Changes resulting from contact with a dissimilar sociocultural environment.

According to Cox and Blake, valuing diversity can benefit organizations in which of the followingareas?

Cost, resource acquisition, marketing, creativity, problem solving, and system flexibility.

Which model proposes there is underrepresentation at higher levels because of candidates lacking preparation and skills for promotion to necessary levels?

Deficit model

Which of the following is NOT true about faultlines?

Faultlines are weaker when differences on various dimensions coincide. For example, if most people of color are newly hired and most Whites are long-time employees.

The fundamental attribution error may promote stereotypes because:

Observers see stereotype-consistent behavior as dispositional.

It is well known that nursing is a female-dominated field while construction is a male-dominated field. Which term best describes this pattern of male/female dominance in certain industries?

Occupational segregation

The glass cliff refers to

The observation that, in comparison to men, women seem more likely to to be chosen for leadership positions in a challenging and perhaps career-threatening organizational crisis.

Self-fulfilling prophecy refers to:

The process of assuming something about another, then behaving toward them as if this incorrect assumption were true, and this assumption impacting the behavior of that person.

A sense of entitlement refers to:

Those who are privileged often do not realize that their good fortune is at least partly responsible for opportunities available to them. Instead it seems as if their talents and efforts justify these opportunities.

According to the concept of intersectionality, everyone has only an ethnic or gender identity and almost no one experiences an individual pattern of identity structure.

false

Feelings of fairness in regards to how rewards are allocated and distributed is called..

Distributive justice

Which of the following terms is defined as real or perceived differences differences among people that impact interactions and relationships?

Diversity

Characteristics of minority or non-dominant group often include:

Identifiability, differential power, discrimination, and group awareness.

Which of the following involves observing, interviewing, or surveying job incumbents in related jobs and typically produces a list of tasks and knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs)?

Job analysis

A form of justice judgment based on the fairness of procedures that are used to make decisions about outcomes is called:

Procedural Justice

What is occupational segregation?

Tendency of groups to work in some occupations and not others.

Equal Employment Opportunity requires reserving some positions for unqualified minorities.

false

Pay equity and pay equality are synonymous terms

false

Which model refers to society's problematic and stereotypic expectations for men and women?

sex role model

According to social identity theory (at least in early conceptualizations), the in group will discriminate against the outgroup to enhance their self-image.

true

Workforce 2000 was erroneously interpreted, which led to increased focus on D&I efforts

true

The concept of privilege primarily concerns overt, visible discrimination.

False

Interactional justice refers to:

The fairness of interpersonal interaction in the context of of significant decisions

The term meritocracy refers to:

The idea that good things come to those who work hard and have high ability

Social dominance theory:

Explains the maintenance and stability of social hierarchy.

Individuals differ in their sensitivity to equity issues. Benevolent individuals prefer for their own input/outcome ratios to be the same as a comparative other's ratio.

False

Intergroup contact works best to improve intergroup relations when

Goals are shared The structure is cooperative rather than competitive External support (e.g., authority, law) exists Correct! All of the above

Intersectionality concerns

Identity complexity.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic ideas of Equity Theory?

If our inputs are the same as our chosen comparison person's inputs then we will feel that the situation is fair, regardless of the outputs of ourself and chosen comparison person.

The process that leads people of difference to become equally accepted and rewarded at workis known as...

Inclusion

What type of information is usually left out when using a stereotype?

Individuating information

In the 1970s, Elliott Anderson and his graduate students conducted school observations, then designed and implemented a cooperative learning project called the jigsaw classroom. According to Aronson and colleagues, students in the jigsaw groups:

Performed better on objective exams. Showed a significantly greater increase in self-esteem than children in traditional classrooms. Showed a decrease in prejudice and stereotyping as well as an increase in their liking for their groupmates. Correct! All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT a component part of the process described by social identity theory (SIT)?

Social categorization Social identification Social comparison Correct! All of the above are components of SIT

At the beginning of chapter 5, your textbook distinguishes between personal and social identities. Which of the following is true regarding social identity?

Social identity means identity based in feelings of relationships to others.

The Robbers Cave experiment pertained to:

Social identity theory

Which of the following best defines "ascribed status"?

Status given from birth by society.

The process by which salience of an unfavorable stereotype can depress performance of someone in a stigmatized group is called:

Stereotype threat.

What is the term used to describe visible characteristics that are often the basis for stereotyping and misunderstanding?

Surface diversity

When positive expectations lead to improved behaviors and outcomes this is called:

The Pygmalion effect.

The tripartite definition of attitude has what three components?

cognition, affect, conation

Tera and her coworker, Gio, disagreed about why the glass ceiling exists. Tera thought that the glass ceiling was a result of the dynamics between majority and minority groups within their organization. Gio disagreed; he said the cause was based in the company's structure and process. Tera's explanation illustrates the ______ model and Gio's illustrates the ______ model.

intergroup; structural

Based on the book and the lecture, job evaluation..

is used by organizations to evaluate skill, responsibility, and other attributes of jobs so they can be arranged in a hierarchy for the purpose of setting wages. was developed over 100 years ago during a period when occupations were highly segregated. may include compensable factors (job characteristics on which pay will be based).