psychology questions

positive

Kyle has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He hears voices and believes the government is plotting to steal his internal organs and sell them to foreign governments. Kyle is demonstrating the ________ symptoms of schizophrenia

antisocial personality disorder

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates

generalized anxiety disorder

Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):

generalized anxiety disorder

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from

anorexia nervosa

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

antisocial personality disorder

Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of

intensity of symptoms.

Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder are distinguished by

bipolar disorder

Malik was severely depressed for two weeks, but then became very agitated, going on wild spending sprees and driving recklessly around town. He was arrested for running into a bar with no clothes while laughing and yelling very loudly. Malik's behavior illustrates

a control group

Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of

dopamine

Many researchers believe that several of the symptoms of schizophrenia result from an overabundance of receptors for the neurotransmitter

tardive dyskinesia

Mary Ann, a woman in her 50s, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medication starting in her 20s. She has used this medication continuously since then. What side effect is she MOST at risk for?

glowing reports are not a good indicator of treatment effectiveness.

McCord's follow-up study of 500 adolescents boys who were at risk of delinquency revealed that:

bulimia nervosa

Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

hallucinations

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing

reducing mania; reducing depression

Mood-stabilizing drugs work more by _____ than _____.

mania

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of

delusions

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from

agoraphobia

Mr. Santo has not left his home for 10 years for fear of having a panic attack. When he does think of leaving his home, he begins to hyperventilate, shake, and experience chest pains. Mr. Santo has the symptoms of

schizophrenia

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from

social rejection

People who suffer chronic depression are at high risk for experiencing

MRI-guided microsurgery

Roy underwent psychosurgery in the twenty-first century. Which procedure was he likely to have undergone?

disorganized thinking and disturbed perceptions

Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by

panic attacks

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely suffers from

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain

Shantay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders bloodwork and a PET scan. The imaging is likely to show:

social anxiety disorder

Twenty-year-old Abrianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a:

clinical psychiatrist.

Yvonne works for a government agency where she treats those who have psychological disorders. In order to do this, she has a Psy.D. When she was younger, she also had a supervised internship and postdoctoral training. Yvonne is most likely a:

The chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period.

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapist. According to Hans Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander?

rush to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill

Zara's mother was in a mental institution in the late 1950s when antipsychotic drugs were first introduced. Like many others, Zara blames the _____ for her mother's subsequent homelessness.

psychotherapy

_____ consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

dopamine

_____ overactivity may underlie schizophrenic patients' overreactions to irrelevant external and internal stimuli.

learning

_____ theorists see dissociative disorders as behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction.

Bulimia nervosa

________ is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person engages in binge eating and then purges the excessive food consumption by self-induced vomiting or by the misuse of laxatives or enemas

depakote

John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes _____, originally used to treat epilepsy.

the DSM-5

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as

antisocial personality disorder

A hyper-reactive dopamine reward system has been observed among those with

flat

A major characteristic of schizophrenia is inappropriate emotion. For example, some people suffering from schizophrenia exhibit a _____ affect, often described as a zombie-like state of apparent apathy.

drug mechanism is unknown.

A patient who experiences bipolar disorder may be hesitant to try a mood stabilizer because the:

a dissociative disorder

A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of

exposure therapy

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates

eclectic

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be

hope for demoralized people.

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including

4

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.

a phobia

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from

women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from major depressive disorder.

Although questions remain concerning the cause(s) of depression, we do know that

the social-cognitive perspective

Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates

1 in 4

Among American veterans of the United State's invasion of Iraq, about _____ U.S. combat infantry personnel have reported symptoms of PTSD, depression, or severe anxiety in the months after returning home

increase; do not increase

An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia

specific and temporary

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are

it interferes with normal day-to-day life

An intense fear of spiders isn't considered a psychological disorder unless

a manic episode

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

dissociative identity disorder

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

a fear of being fat

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by

transference.

At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated at his therapist, saying that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

the medical model

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of

psychiatric social worker.

Bonnie has just finished a two-year master program and now is in postgraduate supervision that is preparing her to offer psychotherapy to people with everyday personal and family problems. Bonnie is mostly likely preparing to be a:

Those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve more quickly, and with less risk of relapse.

Barry's good friend has been dealing with severe anxiety for the last few months. However, he is reluctant to see a therapist because he is hoping that his anxious feelings will eventually go away. What can Barry say that might convince him that seeing a therapist would be beneficial?

the placebo effect

Because she mistakenly believes that the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates

exercise

Brent suffers from depression. While he consistently attends work and meets family responsibilities, he suffers from negative mood and a sense of hopelessness. What option has the least possible side effects and/or risks?

ADHD

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

periods of immobility followed by agitation

Catatonia is characterized by

counselor

Christopher has a two-year master's degree and specializes in helping those with a history of substance use disorder. Christopher is most likely a:

persistent depressive; bipolar

Chronic, low-grade depressed feelings are to ________ disorder as extreme, recurring mood swings are to ________ disorder

psychodynamic treatment

Clarice seeks treatment for a history of childhood sexual abuse. She is interested in therapy which will help provide insight into her ongoing symptoms. Clarice is likely to receive _____.

interpreting the meaning of patients' resistance to therapeutic procedures

Classical psychoanalysis most specifically involves

resistance

Classical psychoanalysts are especially interested in interpreting the meaning of clients' _____ to therapeutic procedures.

put much effort into therapy.

Clients may over-value therapy because they:

antisocial personality disorder

Jason has been in and out of prison for various crimes in which he scammed people out of their money. He feels no guilt or remorse for his behavior; in fact, he blames his victims for being "suckers." Jason illustrates

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Daniel spends each morning counting every book in his personal library, as well as every kitchen utensil and dish before he will leave for work. He repeats the process when he comes home. He recognizes that this is irrational, but he comes extremely agitated when he tries to stop. Daniel behaviors are most symptomatic of

pervasive; seriousness

Depression has been called the common cold of psychological disorders; this expression describes its _____but not its _____.

generalized anxiety disorder

Diane is concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n):

His condition is likely to deteriorate over time.

Donald is a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia. He has struggled with mental illness since childhood, when he had anxiety and impaired judgment. He began experiencing psychotic symptoms at age 19, which have been only partially controlled by medication. What is Donald's prognosis?

resistance

During her weekly psychoanalytic therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

major depressive disorder

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from

mood disorder

Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from a(n):

empowerment

Elsa is a young, single mother living in poverty. Prevention efforts to safeguard her mental health would be MOST effective if they focus on _____.

positive symptoms.

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior is known as:

bulimia nervosa

Frequent exposure to images of thin fashion models and celebrities is most likely to be a factor contributing to the development of

major depressive disorder

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from

chronic

George Albee's work on preventive mental health revealed that _____ and demoralizing stressors are MOST likely to lead to mental health problems.

lithium

Gerald suffers from bipolar disorder. He is likely to be prescribed _____ to combat mania

Aaron Beck's cognitive

Glenn suffers from depression. He frequently thinks of situations as overwhelmingly bad, with no hope of future improvement. Glenn would most benefit from _____ therapy.

Aaron Beck

He was originally trained in psychoanalytic techniques but invented his own therapy to try to reverse clients' catastrophizing beliefs about themselves.

glutamate

If one has too much _____, the brain's alarm centers may become overactive

paraphrase, invite clarification, and reflect feelings

If one wants to listen more actively in one's own relationships, these three traits may help.

aversive conditioning

In _____, the goal is to substitute a negative response for a positive response to a harmful stimulus.

frontal lobe

In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, researchers found that, as compared with the brain of non-murderers of the same age and sex, the brain of murderers showed reduced activity in the ________, a brain area that helps with impulse control

20,000

In the 1980s, when the DSM contained the first formal code for DID, the number of DID diagnoses in North America exploded to more than _____ in the decade:

its goal is symptom relief in the here and now, and it focuses primarily on current relationships

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a variation on psychodynamic therapy. It is different because:

rumination

Janice tends to worry constantly that her work is not satisfactory or that she will not be able to complete projects on time. This worry has caused her insomnia and has interfered with her social life. Janice's worry illustrates

interpersonal

Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she does not want to get involved in anything long-term. However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties and is drawn to psychodynamic therapy. If Nadine wants to gain insight into current issues, rather than delve into the past, she should try to find a therapist who specializes in _____ psychotherapy.

vicious cycle

Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Neal interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state which then hampers the way Neal thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Neal's depression may be caused by a(n):

nonsuicidal self-injury

On several recent occasions Sarah intentionally used cigarettes to inflict painful but non-life-threatening burns on her arms. Her behavior best illustrates

schizophrenia

Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for

a clear-cut and specific problem

Psychotherapy is likely to be most effective when a client's difficulty involves

adolescent females

Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among

there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia

Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that

Thorazine

Stanley, a man in his 30s in the 1950s, suffered from schizophrenia. What treatment was he MOST likely to have received?

cognitive therapy

Studies have demonstrated that this therapy is effective for coping with depression.

higher; higher

Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women

epigenetic

Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) _____ factor meaning a heritable change that is not due to DNA.

panic disorder

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

antipsychotic

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which type of drugs?

posttraumatic stress disorder

Taryn, who was sexually assaulted in a parking lot, experiences frequent nightmares and has withdrawn from her family and friends. Since the attack, she has difficulty sleeping and can no longer hold down a job. Taryn's symptoms indicate that she has

posttraumatic stress disorder

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

serotonin

The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of

likely due to both genes and environment.

The fact that depression runs in families means that the disorder is:

meta-analyses of psychotherapeutic outcome studies

The most convincing evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from

establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients

The most effective psychotherapists are those who

frontal

The reduced self-control of murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes

viral infections

The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder

psychodynamic perspective

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the

hallucinations

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

individualism

Therapists who encourage clients to think primarily about others' expectations are especially likely to experience difficulty developing a strong therapeutic alliance with clients who value

cognitive therapy

This therapy is empirically supported for treating posttraumatic stress disorder.

narcissistic personality disorder.

Thomas was called into his boss's office last week for once again overstepping the boundaries of his job position. Thomas had told the director of research that he was the one running the show and it would only be a matter of time before he was in his boss's position. When confronted, Thomas told his boss that it was true, and no one seems to understand that he is the one in charge. Thomas would be considered to have a:

persecution

Those with paranoid schizophrenia are particularly prone to delusions of:

systematic desensitization

To help Tom reduce his fear of flying, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is taking off in an airplane. The therapist's technique best illustrates _____

30 to 60

Today, in a typical ECT treatment a psychiatrist delivers _____ seconds of electric current to the patient's brain.

a fugue state

Tonya, who recently discovered her husband was having an affair, disappeared for several days and was found by the police sleeping under a bridge. She claimed that her name was Mary and that she had no memory of her life as Tonya. This case illustrates

purge or fast

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorder are not likely to ________ following binge eating

schizoid personality disorder.

Walter keeps to himself at work, is quiet, and has a number of odd collections. Some people call him eccentric. He has only one friend who comes over to drink with him. Walter may be considered to have:

transference.

When patients in psychoanalysis begins to have feelings toward their therapist such as love or hatred, and those feelings are linked to other relationships they have had or have, they are experiencing:

behavioral conditioning therapies

Which form of psychotherapy has had especially good results in treating phobias and compulsions?

social withdrawal

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Prozac

Which of the following drugs partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of serotonin from synapses?

rapidly moving one's eyes

Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

poor muscle coordination

Which of the following has been pinpointed as an early warning sign for the subsequent onset of schizophrenia?

Prozac

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

the placebo effect

Which of the following is likely to lead to inflated client perceptions of the effectiveness of their psychotherapy?

a new perspective on life

Which of the following is most clearly a key element shared by all effective psychotherapies?

The DSM-5 is of little practical value to mental health workers because it does not predict the future course of a disorder

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is FALSE?

homosexuality

Which of the following was eliminated from the list of disorders in 1973?

chronic schizophrenia

Which type of schizophrenia develops slowly and is less responsive to treatment?

Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck

While _____ focused on revealing the absurdity of people's self-defeating ideas through a more confrontational approach, _____ sought to reverse catastrophizing beliefs people have about themselves through the use of gentle questioning

free association

While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as

Aaron Beck

Who developed the therapy that teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, which is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions?

Carl Rogers

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of