PSYCHOLOGY QUIZ #3

Erikson's is a psychosocial theory because it involves which type of interactions?

Between internal drives and cultural demands

In what way are classical and operant conditioning distinct?

In operant conditioning, the strength of learning is usually measured by emitted responses, whereas in classical conditioning it is usually measured by elicited responses.

According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development does a child begins to use symbols to think and communicate?

Preoperational

An adult adapts a process to a child's developmental level in order to assist the child in developing a new skill or ability. What would Vygotsky call this process?

Scaffolding

According to the principles of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, how you act at a party depends upon which of the following to guide and direct your behavior?

Scheme

Which of the following is the first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor

A Pavlovian conditioned response elicits:

a whole system of responses in which some are more easily measured or observed

In a follow-up study to the original Bobo Doll experiment, Badura observed the process of vicarious reinforcement, where children behaved less aggressively when:

aggressive models were punished

In Bandura's famous experiment children observed either an aggressive or a non-aggressive model in a room of toys and a Bobo Doll. When allowed to play with Bobo, researchers observed that children who observed the aggressive model were more aggressive in their own interactions. Research concluded that

children used their observation of adult models to determine that aggressive behavior was acceptable

In Pavlov's experiments, what type of stimulus was the bell, generally?

conditioned.

In classical conditioning, the response is ________ by a stimulus that comes ________it.

elicited; before

Humans are much more likely to associate snakes with danger than flowers and danger. This is due to our evolutionary tendency called __________.

preparedness

In classical conditioning the unconditioned response is:

the biological response triggered by the unconditioned stimulus

When Leanne was classically conditioned, she was in a room that had a waterfall painted on one wall. Now, when she goes hiking and sees an actual waterfall, she produces a conditioned response. This change in environment that can cause renewal effects is also known as what?

the change in context

Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of human development places primary emphasis on

the interactions among the contexts in which children live and develop.

Two-year-old Luke pointed to a cow in a pasture and said "Doggie!" Which of the following is the child using to name the animal?

Assimilation

Which of the following theories is concerned with the developmental aspects of thinking, memory and logic?

Cognitive

Simon's rabbit gets a treat every night. The treats come in a plastic bag that makes a crinkling sound. When the rabbit hears the bag he runs to the door of his cage to await the treat. One night Simon when Simon is eating chips the rabbit hears the sound of the bag and runs to his cage door. The sound of the bag is the:

Conditioned Stimulus

Carolyn is thinking of her children and what they are to become. She wants to see her children succeed and raise healthy families of their own. Carolyn spends more and more time thinking about how best to help her children be good people who contribute to society. Which of Erikson's stages would Carolyn most likely be experiencing?

Generativity vs. stagnation

Two-year-old Chris can use crayons and paper to draw pictures. According to Piaget, why is Chris drawing pictures?

He is presenting an outward representation of his internal thoughts.

Which of the following most accurately describes Freud's model of the personality?

Id, ego, superego

Three years ago, Nasim ate a burger and was violently sick a few hours afterwards. Even though it was the only time up to that point that he had had this reaction to burgers, he cannot even look at a burger without feeling sick. Why is his conditioned taste aversion puzzling from the perspective of the general principles of classical conditioning?

The association that Nasim made between eating the burger and feeling sick required only a single US-CS pairing.