Psychology Quiz 5 (ch 6 & 12)

When the tendency to engage in a behavior is weakened after having observed the negative consequences for another engaging in that behavior

Vicarious punishment

instrumental aggression

a premeditated aggressive action that is carried out in order to achieve a specific goal.

In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning, __________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

acquisition

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

acquisition

An ___________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

attitude

example of stimulus generalization

being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a _____________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

simon bites his mother

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on________

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother

instinct

unlearned knowledge, involving complex patterns of behavior

In social learning theory _________ identified 3 types of models: live, verbal, & symbolic

Albert Bandura

In ____________, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction

Classical Conditioning

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Edward C. Tolman

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

_________________ aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain

Instrumental

__________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John B. Watson

process through which an originally false expectation leads to its own confirmation. An individual's expectations about another person or entity eventually result in the other person or entity acting in ways that confirm the expectations.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

The tendency to avoid or make negative associations with a food that you ate just before getting sick

Taste aversion

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate?

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

actor-observer bias

influence of the groups majority on an individual's judgement

asch effect

What did John B Watson & Rosalie Rayner demonstrates with their studies of little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned reponse

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase a larger item?

foot-in-the-door

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior

group processes

the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision

group processes

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

the common habit of a person taking credit for positive events or outcomes, but blaming outside factors for negative events

self-serving bias

actor-observer bias

the tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on their personalities

Asch effect

A form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgments.

________________ is an example of a vicarious reinforcement.

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw martin get rewarded for doing it

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

Baby seeking food by rooting and suckling

The ________________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese

Bystander effect

To maximize learning, a ____________ should be presented on a _________ schedule.

CS + UCS; continuous

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

example of self-fulfilling prophecy

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort.

Homophily

tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study?

Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity- including race, class, and gender

Which example best exemplifies homophily?

Georgia, a young white woman, ia a math major. She met John, a black man, on her way to her class, but he doesn't attend her college. He was dropping his son off at a campus art show. They begin to date.

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus

example of self-serving bias

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hardworking student who is also incredibly smart. He blames his poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory

Social exchange

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

groupthink

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability is that response occurring again again _________

increases

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

instrumental aggression

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus