Psychology quizlet 2

Which is an example of drive theory?

Joanne thinks playing piano is easy and performs best in front of an audience.

Freud believed children's personalities, including any problems caused by improper weaning or toilet training, become solidified during the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Latency

Cece went for a walk in the park. Along one of the hiking trails, she spotted a $20 bill on the ground. No one was around to claim it. What would her superego tell her to do?

Leave the money right where it is. The owner will realize it's missing and come back for it.

When examining a person's behavior, why would Kurt Lewin have been interested in knowing about that person's culture and community?

Lewin believed that a person's behavior is a function of both individual character and environment.

Which level is right below the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

None of the answers are correct

Which is an example of accommodation based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

None of the answers are correct. XXXXXX

Julie demonstrates _____ by changing her behavior in social situations to meet social norms so people will like her.

Normative conformity

Consider the stages of psychosexual development. Name the stage of infant development in which a baby is ruled almost entirely by the id, but learns delayed gratification during the weaning process.

Oral stage

George Vaillant classified defense mechanisms into levels. Choose the answer that contains the names of the four levels.

Pathological, immature, neurotic, mature

You attend a research presentation in which the speaker states that our prejudices are based on individual experiences that occur during our development. Which theory is the speaker's presentation most likely based upon?

Personality Theory

Select the stage of psychosexual development during which a child will realize whether he is a boy or a girl.

Phallic stage

Bobby's family is throwing him a 75th birthday party. As he prepares the speech he will give at the party, he proudly reflects on the fact that he has reached his full potential by accomplishing all that he can. According to Maslow, on which needs are Bobby reflecting?

Self-actualization

_____ involves the tendency to celebrate our own success as an indication of our internal abilities and failure as a result of external factors.

Self-serving bias

______ psychology studies group behavior and how we interact in social situations.

Social

Madeline always feels like she is never included in group activities or social events. She has become depressed and lonely. According to Maslow, which category of needs has not been fulfilled?

Social (love/belonging) needs

Grant grew up believing that tall people are more athletic than short people because that is what his parents told him. What is this an example of?

Social learning

Leo has to walk through an unsafe neighborhood to go to and from school. He also has to deal with some bullies while he is at school. According to Maslow, which needs on the hierarchy will stay secondary for Leo until he feels safe?

Social, esteem, and self-actualization

How have some studies of cognitive development challenged Piaget's four stage model?

Studies have found that Piaget was incorrect in the ages most children reach his defined cognitive XXXXXX

Marco has been practicing a violin piece for several hours. He is very tired but feels he should not stop until he has perfectly mastered the song. Which Freudian part of personality would describe this strong feeling of self-control?

Superego

Your _____ nervous system gets you ready to fight or flee and your _____ nervous system acts to calm the body.

Sympathetic/parasympathetic

Which of the following correlates to the Freudian concept of ego?

The conscious part of one's personality that attempts to resolve conflict.

which of the following regulates our sense of hunger?

The hypothalamus

A monkey was raised in total isolation without contact with other monkeys. What is the most likely result of this experience?

The monkey will be developmentally impaired throughout life.

How are the studies of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson similar?

They all sought to understand continuities in development.

Which best describes Kohlberg's model of development?

Three stages of moral development that not all people attain.

What research are Harry and Margaret Harlow most well-known for?

a monkey model of the role comfort in development

What is the correct order of stages in general adaptation syndrome?

alarm, resistance and exhaustion

According to Freud, someone who compulsively bites their nails might have experienced which of the following as a young child?

an overly restrictive breastfeeding schedule

Maslow estimated that less than _____ percent of adults achieve the highest level of needs, which can only be addressed when the previous needs have been satisfied.

one

In what area would someone who is an avid daydreamer, voracious reader, and rock climber most probably have a high score?

openness to experience

The conflict of trust and mistrust is central to the _____ stage of development according to Erik Erikson.

oral-sensory

A long-lasting pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that deviate from relevant cultural expectations can be classified as a _____.

personality disorder

How did Cannon-Bard's theory of emotion differ from the James-Lange theory?

physiological arousal occurred simultaneously, while James and Lange thought they happened sequentially.

Kohlberg's _____ stage is the final stage in his model of moral development.

pre-conventional

Developmental psychology includes the study of _____.

prenatal and infant development

According to Maslow's hierearchy of needs, when all of the physiological needs are met, people tend to become concerned with which of the following?

safety needs

____ is made up of a person's self-worth, self-image, and ideal-self, a concept promoted by Carl Rogers.

self-concept

Loneliness or depression may occur when _____, or love and belonging, needs are not met.

social

Kayla is the head of the Sunshine Committee at her job. The committee's goal is to plan celebrations, group events, and team-building activities. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the Sunshine Committee is fulfilling what needs for the employees?

social needs

Michelle was frightened by a scary movie. As a result, her HPA axis responded by:

stopping her digestion

The attempt to turn negative emotions into positive actions is a healthy defense mechanism called _____.

sublimation

Researchers have found that the benefits of authoritative parenting include _____.

successful and disciplined children

The fight or flight response is activated by this branch of the autonomic nervous system:

sympathetic nervous system

Which is an example of an infant instinct?

babies pulling away from a sharp object

Kate has an unhealthy response to the stress of taking an exam. How might she respond?

by ignoring the stressor

People with eating disorders, such as anorexia, have _____ as their cause.

cultural attitudes

Danesha took her sick cat to the veterinarian and was informed that her pet has kidney disease. Danesha reacts angrily and refuses to believe the diagnosis. A different vet confirms the diagnosis, but Danesha tells herself that the vets are just trying to get her to purchase expensive medicine for her healthy pet. According to Freud, this is an example of what defense mechanism?

denial

Freudian defense mechanisms include _____ and _____.

denial; displacement

The visual cliff experiment demonstrates an infant's ability to perceive

depth

It takes approximately nine weeks for a _____ to develop into a _____.

embryo, fetus

According to Erik Erikson, psychosocial identities involve the interplay between our _____.

emotional lives and our social circumstances XXXX

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level of needs becomes the focus after the first three levels of needs are satisfied?

esteem

Stress that can be positive or beneficial is known as _____

eustress

A man who works late following a poor performance review is responding to a(n) _____.

extrinsic motivator

Gia is a homeless veteran. She struggles to find food and shelter from day to day. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Gia is still trying to satisfy her physiological needs, which is the _____ level on the hierarchy.

first

In family studies, the proband refers to the _____.

first person being studied

James has just been hired at XYZ Corporation. He carefully watches how his new colleagues behave in order to learn how he should behave. James is exhibiting _____.

informational conformity

What factors shape infant development?

instinct and attachment

Industry and inferiority define the _____ stage in Erikson's stages of identity formation.

latency

What percentage of participants in Stanley Milgram's study on obedience and authority continued to administer 450-volt shocks at the insistence of the authority figure?

65%

Which statement about developmental psychology is correct?

All of the answer choices are correct.

Which is an example of a teratogen?

All of the answers are examples of teratogens.

Which of the following is an important theme addressed by developmental psychology?

All of the answers are important themes addressed by developmental psychology.

identify the correct definition of Freud's stages of psychosexual development.

An explanation of personality which rests on the idea that humans go through phases, beginning in infancy through adulthood, in which we are fixated on certain body parts.

When Lynn is doing her homework by hand, she will copy the homework over and over until there are no mistakes in her handwriting. Apply the stages of psychosexual development to Lynn's compulsion. Being stuck in which stage would cause Lynn to be obsessed with order?

Anal compulsive

According to Paul Ekman, what are the basic emotions?

Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise

Which of the following statements regarding appraisal, the cognitive processing part of the two-factor theory of emotion, is FALSE?

Appraisal is always a conscious process.

If you had sustained damage to your amygdala, which of the following situations would you have trouble experiencing?

Appropriate fear if you were to run across a bear

Kevin is really stressed at work, and decides he needs a day off. When Kevin calls in sick to work the following day, which theory of motivation is he exhibiting?

Arousal Theory

_____ parents are a healthy mix of demanding and responsive.

Authoritative

Which type of therapy encourages patients to find solutions to their own problems?

Client-centered

Which of the following best describes the humanistic branch of psychology?

Client-centered therapy that helps individuals reach their full potential.

An example of assimilation is a child who has only seen brown horses seeing a white horse for the first time and _____.

Correctly identifying it as a horse

_____ psychology is the study of how we change over our lifespans.

Developmental

Veronica is recovering from a mastectomy. When her mother asks if she can do anything to help, Veronica screams that she hates when her mother babies her and tells her mother to get a life. Which Freudian defense mechanism is Veronica relying on?

Displacement

Which best describes Erikson's model of development?

Eight stages of identity formation that revolve around conflict and resolution.

Which term refers to the abilities to recognize and to manage emotions?

Emotional intelligence

Which psychologist was most likely to say 'We create our psychosocial identities across the lifespan'?

Erik Erikson

According to Maslow, when people's _____ needs are not met, it can lead to an inferiority complex.

Esteem

A star athlete who thinks he isn't talented is:

Experiencing incongruence

Which best describes Piaget's model of development?

Four stages that all children go through in order to acquire specific skills and understanding.

According to Robert Plutchik, what is the difference between fundamental and non-fundamental emotions?

Fundamental emotions are those that evolved to increase evolutionary fitness.

Why might someone in Japan want to know your blood type if they are curious about your personality?

In Japan, some people associate blood types with personality types, for instance type B blood is associated with optimism.

Which is an example of assimilation, based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Jack calls all dogs 'dogs. '

Dr. Souza offers non-directive therapy in a non-judgmental and empathetic environment. What kind of psychology does he practice?

Humanistic

Eric is an artist who recently showed his pieces at a public gallery, but none of his art sold. After the show, he jokes to his friends about being a starving artist. Freudian psychologists would say Eric is displaying which type of defense mechanism?

Humor

_____ attempts to explain differences in personalities by attributing the differences to excesses, deficiencies, and mixes of bodily fluids.

Humourism

Francine is trying to lose weight before her boxing match weigh-in. She is having a difficult time denying the impulse to stop at a fast food restaurant after her work out. According to Freud, which part of her personality is responsible for this impulse?

Id

Freud believed stress and anxiety were caused by disputes between the three parts of personality. What are these parts called?

Id, ego, superego

during prenatal development, a fertilized egg becomes a _____, then a _____ and finally a _____.

zygote, embryo, fetus

Identify the psychosexual stage in which children become independent of their parents and sexuality becomes aimed at other people.

Genital stage

How is George Valliant important to the study of Freudian defense mechanisms?

He added defense mechanisms to the list and classified them into levels.

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why Phineas Gage behaved so differently after his accident?

His accident did damage to his frontal lobe, affecting Phineas' personality.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what precedes emotion?

Physiological arousal

_____ described a model of cognitive development that included sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.

Piaget

How have twin studies proven to be beneficial?

Researchers can determine the difference between environmental and genetic factors.

Rosie is a nine-month-old baby girl who loves to experience and explore her environment. What might this indicate about Rosie's development?

Rosie has formed the proper attachments needed to feel secure exploring her environment.

A person who breaks a law that she perceives as unjust, such as civil-rights advocates did in the 1960s, is in _____ of moral development.

the first post-conventional stage (stage five)

Which emotion found in Robert Plutchik's list is missing from Ekman's original list?

trust

According to the scarcity principle, we are more likely to buy something when _____.

we believe its availability is limited