psychology test 10-13

Anders has just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Anders is in Phase:

1, experiencing an alarm reaction

Maya owes the credit card company $20,000, her adjustable-rate mortgage has just gone up, and she has been out of work for 3 months. Her husband of 15 years came home today to tell her he was having an affair and wants a divorce. With that news, she collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Maya is in Phase:

3, in a state of exhaustion

The Big Five personality factors are reported to have a heritability of approximately _____ percent for each dimension.

40

Bill was a very aggressive and violent youth. He often got into fistfights with the other boys and was even charged with assault when he was in his mid-twenties. Bill is now 65 years old and it takes a lot to make him angry. Why is this the case?

Bill's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased

A 14-year-old student slams a 13-year-old into a metal locker. A 15-year-old student spreads a cruel rumor about a classmate. Based on this information, which of these students who is being aggressive?

Both the 14-year-old and the 15-year-old are being aggressive

alfred alder

In June 2018, noted fashion designer Kate Spade and famed food and travel journalist Anthony Bourdain both committed suicide by hanging. Some commentators noted a 25 to 30 percent increase in the suicide rate in the United States and suggested that feelings of disconnection may be part of the problem. The psychologist _____ might identify this problem as a frustrated urge for community.

Jennifer was driving her car to school when it broke down. Which statement is true?

Jennifer's feelings of frustration are a stress reaction.

the drive for significant accomplishment, for mastering skills and ideas, and for meeting a high standard is called _____ motivation.

achievement

Aggression is related to increased activity in a brain structure called the:

amygdala

t lymphocytes

attack cancer cells, viruses and other foreign sustances

Discrimination is a negative _____, whereas prejudice is a negative _____.

behavior; attitude

prejudice involves a 3-part mixture of:

beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action.

A former major-league football player is convicted of a violent crime against another person. An expert testifies in his defense that the player's crime stemmed from a degenerative brain disease called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. CTE is brought on by the repeated head injury experienced by many football players. With respect to the _____ model, CTE reflects a biological influence on aggression

biopsychosocial

Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 minutes at the start of his class. In response to this threat:

blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles

Unpredictable large-scale events such as tornados, tsunamis, and terrorism are examples of:

catastrophes

According to drive-reduction theory, when a physiological need such as hunger creates an aroused tension state, this:

compels the organism to reduce the need

When personality traits were measured in several age groups and then measured again seven years later, researchers found a correlation of +0.3 for young children, +0.54 for collegians, and +0.73 for 70-year-olds. This suggests that:

correlations were strongest for comparisons done in adulthood.

Bedouins find eye of camel to be delicious while most Americans would find this non-appetizing. This is an example of how taste preferences are influenced by _____ factors.

cultural

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was caused, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n):

decrease in metabolic rate

The fact that support for interracial dating has dramatically increased represents a(n) _____ in _____ prejudice

decrease; explicit

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need is known as:

drive-reduction theory

blood glucose ____ while we sleep

drops

a good way to manage weight is to:

eat simple meals with whole grains, fruits, and veggies

Research suggests that self-esteem can cause undesirable behaviors when it is:

either low or inflated

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was originally developed to identify:

emotional disorders

In a study, researchers temporarily deflated the self-image of participants by telling them they did poorly on a test. The participants were then more likely to:

express heightened racial prejudice

Hans and Sybil Eysenck reduced human personality to two basic factors, emotional stability-instability and:

extraversion-introversion.

b lymphocytes

fight bacterial infections

Tyrone has a serious case of amnesia and has no memory for anything that occurred more than a minute ago. If he was to eat dinner, and then be offered dinner again, what would the likely outcome be

he would not remember his previous meal and eat again

Lupe examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV-positive gay men of color. Lupe is MOST likely a _____ psychologist

health

Lin enjoys roller skating with her friends. Which choice exemplifies an internal personal factor associated with roller skating for Lin?

her own thoughts and feelings about roller skating

Which specific trait is correctly paired with its description in terms of the five-factor model's dimensions?

imaginative—high openness

If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as strong when the words are associated with female faces, rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate:

implicit prejudice

Sarah is a 13-year-old girl who is unpopular with her classmates. They often taunt her by calling her a freak, and generally will have nothing to do with her. According to the textbook, these experiences may cause Sarah to show _____ empathy toward others.

less

self actualization

maslows highest point on hierarchy

Henry, a CEO of a small company, wants to maximize his workers' performance. He would hire a(n) _____ psychologist to help achieve these results

organizational

According to social-cognitive psychologists, the BEST way to predict future behavior is through:

past behavior patterns in similar situations.

Specific goals for the future that people have for themselves are a reflection of their:

possible selves

_____ is an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members

prejudice

Jenna was raised by loving, devoted parents who always encouraged her to do her best and who appreciated her efforts. As a result, Jenna has high self-esteem. When she begins her first year of college, she is MOST likely to:

presist, even if something is difficult

the second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by

resistance

Lupus and multiple sclerosis result when the immune system:

responds too strongly and attacks the body's own tissues.

After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any Middle Eastern person they saw. This behavior is BEST explained in terms of:

scapegoat theory

When predicting academic success, _____ matters more than _____.

self discipline; intelligence

One's sense of competence and success in meeting challenges is called _____.

self efficacy

A sense of worth is to a sense of competence as _____ is to _____.

self esteem; self efficacy

When Portia sees a motivational poster exhorting, "Be the change you want to see in the world," Portia recalls Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, especially the need for:

self- transcendence

Belief is to _____ as behavior is to _____.

stereotype; discrimination

Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Taylor and colleagues would say that she is responding to stress according to which model?

tend and befriend

neophobia

the fear of anything new

affiliation need

the need to build relationships and to feel part of the group

People overestimate the degree to which others are noticing and evaluating their appearance, performance, and blunders. Gilovich termed this

the spotlight effect

According to journalist Dorothy Dix (1861-1951), "nobody wants to kiss when they are hungry." This statement is consistent with _____ notion that physiological motivations are _____ in a pyramid of needs than are motivations for love and belongingness.

Maslow's; lower

Jane and Sue leave a building and see a dog running toward them. Jane assumes that the dog wants to play. Sue assumes the dog is going to attack. Which of these is MOST likely?

Sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's

Julia is awoken in the middle of the night to the sound of breaking glass. Her increased heart rate and respiration can BEST be explained as:

a fight-or-flight response

When a police officer pulls over a car because the driver is an African-American male in an expensive car, the police officer has committed:

a microaggression

_____ can be defined as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group even though they may not always reflect reality.

a stereotype

In the 1990s, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. While it actually may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n)

daily hassle

Traffic jams, dropped calls, and deadlines are examples of:

daily hassles

_____ is a statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of behaviors that are related to a trait.

factor analysis

People often will eat more when they are eating with others. This is an example of eating being influenced by _____ factors

situational

Conditioning and observational learning are important elements of the _____ theory of personality.

social cognitive

Of the approaches to personality described in the textbook, the _____ approach is MOST closely aligned with mainstream psychological research on learning and information processing.

social cognitive

Americans in the twenty-first century have unprecedented rates of depression. Internet use and social media sites attempt to substitute for close relationships. Alfred Adler might identify this problem as a frustrated:

urge for community

B lymphocyte is to T lymphocyte as _____ is to _____.

fighting bacterial infections; attacking viruses

an instinct is a complex behavior that has a ____ thru out a species and is ____

fixed pattern; unlearned

Cathy went through gastric bypass surgery for her severe obesity. This has helped to lessen her appetite and lose weight because her remaining stomach produced less:

ghrelin

Lin enjoys roller skating with her friends. Which choice exemplifies a behavioral factor associated with roller skating for Lin?

learning to roller skate

When communicating electronically rather than face-to-face, people often are less focused on others' reactions, _____ self-conscious, and thus _____ inhibited.

less; less

One reason why Type A personalities may be more prone to heart disease is that they are more often combat ready, which leads to increased activity by the sympathetic nervous system and interferes with the:

liver's ability to remove cholesterol and fat from the blood.

Destroying worn-out cells is to _____ as attacking diseased cells is to _____.

macrophages; natural killer cells

Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their desire for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:

maslows hierarchy

After watching violent pornographic movies on late-night cable television, Myron will probably be:

more likely to treat women in a punitive manner.

maintain homeostasis

motivating people to satisfy their physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to:

Researchers have reported a relationship between _____ and the progression of HIV infection.

negative emotions

the _____ perspective proposes that personality is the result of interactions between people and their situations, and that the way one thinks about a situation affects one's behavior.

social-cognitive

According to the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality, the influence of the situation is a(n) _____ influence.

social-cultural

generalized belief about a group of people.

sterotype

A group of protesters went on a hunger strike and drastically lowered their caloric intake. It is likely that in response to this semi-starvation

their basal metabolic rate dropped and they lost weight

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of

traits