Psychology Unit 2

Amygdala

Responsible for aggresion/fear In a totally legal experiment in a totally not sketchy city Janice got her ______ removed, this made her not scared to fight rats with Steve

Cerebellum

Responsible for coordinating movement Tony was grinding in the local skate park his _______ was responsible for coordinating movement

Medulla

Responsible for heartbeat/breathing Jon suffered damage to his _____, he now has a slower heartbeat, this wont help him win his cities marathon next week

Thalamus

Responsible for sensory Hannah was walking and saw a bird sitting in a tree, her ______ relayed that information to her visual cortex

fMRI

Reveals blood flow & brain activity (shows brain function) The ____ revealed that Hector had after effects after his recent stroke

Motor Cortex

Area that controls voluntary movement & sends messages to the body in the frontal lobe Jim thanks nature everyday for having the ability to run through the city due to his _______

Frontal Lobe

Behind forehead involves speaking muscle movements planning and information processing Carly planned her vacation out from the city using her ________

Psychoactive drug

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods After Jim had a bad trip he said he will never do _____ again

Blindsight

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it Due to megans recent surgery she cannot see for a couple of hours, yet she claims she could see the benches in the park clearly, this is an example of:

Split brain

a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them Peter works normally even though he has a ______ which disconnects his two brain halves

social script

a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations(ex: handshake, raise hand) If Janice doesnt wanna seem weird she needs to follow a _____ and raise her hand in class instead of barking

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm After coming back from Greece, Jeff could not adjust his circadian rhythm he thinks something might be wrong with his ________

Cocaine

a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria Many people found doing ______ in the city will be arrested

LSD

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide) After doing ____ Timothy claims that he can smell colors

Methamphetamine

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels After doing _______ a lot Carla has lost a severe ammount of dopamine

Mutation

a random error in gene replication that leads to change If ______ were like they are in sci-fi we would not win against those emu's once they take over the cities.

Dream

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it. Parker had very vivid _____ after he visited Chicago

Hypnosis

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur Many believe ____ is fake and that they can never be hypnotised

Dissociation

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others When Ishogane walked into the student council room he felt scared and thought of atleast 5 plans to escape, this is an example of:

Nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco Even though _____ is addictive many people still smoke in the city

posthypnotic suggestion

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors After being hypnotised Kathy acted like a chicken, this shows:

Manifest content

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream Freud remembered his dream about bunnies made out of small cats, he later called this ______

Latent content

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream If Freud saw a pencil in his dream he immediately thought it represented male genitalia this is an example of:

alcohol use disorder

alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use Alcoholism is also known as _____

near-death experience

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations After picking a fight with a bear and nearly dying Steve decided to rethink his life choices. Steve had a ____

Carl Wernicke

an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it

Natural selection

idea that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generation (Charles Darwin is the originator of this principle) Rats are a good example of ______ they survive any harsh city environments

Insomnia

inability to fall or stay asleep Maggie has ______ so she cant fall asleep, not like she cant with all the noisy sirens in the city

Interaction

interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity) Because Elly was walking alone at night, she felt scared as a woman this is an example of:

circadian rhythm

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle When Mac moved to Germany his ______ was whack he could not wake up in the morning for the first week or so

Genome

the complete instruction for making an organism consisting of all genetic material in that organisms chromosome Layla still thinks back on the day when some guy on the street told her "The _____'s made you look nice"

Neurogenesis

the development of new neurons The mutated pigeons were experiencing a fastened _____ this made their brains way too big for their skulls

Tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect Carlos had very high ____ to alcohol, he could drink as much as 20 glasses before getting drunk

withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug After Max quit doing drugs he experienced intense ____ symptoms

THC

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations ____ is supposed to calm you down, big ingredient in marijuana

parallel processing

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously Noah was so smart he could do ______ with ease, this allowed him to catch a pigeon

Molecular behavior genetics

the study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior Max has schizophrenia due to how his genes interact this field would most likely be covered by:

behaviour genetics

the study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior Michael was well known in the city for studying _____ he looks at how genes interact with out environment to influence our behavior

environment

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. A bear outside its natural _____ would have a hard time surviving in a city

chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes Damien realized today in class that hes the way he is due to his _______

Narcolepsy

uncontrollable sleep attacks when a person goes directly to REM Rusty is a dog that has ______

REM sleep

(Stage 4)- paradoxical sleep rapid eye movement paralysis every 90 minutes most active dreaming brain waves fast or irregular Lila's baby was creepy when it slept its eyes were moving all over the place because it was in ______

MEG

A brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain's natural electrical activity Emily got a ______ scan to see her brain activity, doctors in her cities hospital believe she might have epilepsy

Temporal Lobe

Above ears that allows us to hear Macy heard the tornado siren go off at night, her _______ allowed her to hear this

Alpha waves

Alpha/Theta waves, 1-7 min, transition from wakefulness to sleep *hypnagogic hallucinations Once Krista's caffeine supply runs out for the day she transitions into sleep really fast due to her strong _____

Sigmund Freud

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.

Occipital Lobe

Back of head includes areas that receive information from vision fields Jack was looking for squirrels at his city's park his _______ was responsible for seeing the squirrel

Brainstem

Central part of the brain responsible for automatic actions Steve can keep on breathing while walking through the city due to his _____

Michael Gazzaniga

Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients

Hypothalamus

Controls body temperature, thirst, hunger basically Maintenance Sasha got a fever today so she cant go to work, her ______ increased her body temperature to fight off sickness

PET

Depicts brain activity through radioactive glucose Jason got a ____ scan to see if he has any brain disorders the doctors at his local cities hospital do not think so

Stimulants

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Coffee is a popular example of this _____

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

MRI

Magnetic fields & radio waves to see soft tissue in brain Hector got a _____ scan to see the inside his body, doctors believe that he could have an issue with his brain

Hippocampus

Makes new memories/explicit memories Paige saw a Hippo on her school's campus, her ______ made a new memory, it was weird there is no Hippo's in Siberia

Reticular formation

Nerve network in the brainstem Jon's ______ was controlling his arousal when he went to the citys "pub"

Limbic System

Neural system thats associated with our behavioral and emotional responses Jenny was a mother of a 1 month old baby, whenever the baby was crying her _______ kicked in and her maternal instincts told her to feed the baby

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring By observing the squirrels in the New York park you can see the effects of _____ these squirrels are not scared of people

EEG

Recording of waves of electrical activity in brain Emily got an _____ scan to look if she had epilepsy at the local cities hospital

CT

Series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles & combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain's structure Jason got a ____ scan at his local cities hospital, the doctors think he might have problems with blood flow in his brain

Dual processing

Simultaneously processing on separate conscious and unconscious tracks Terry could drive and text at the same time thanks to _____

REM rebound

Skipping other stages of sleep when deprived of REM Max was so tired after his job at Culvers he skipped all stages and went straight to REM, this is called:

Delta waves

Stage-3 20-%50% slow wave (deep) sleep delta waves slow wave sleep deepest stages of sleep sleep walking/talking occur Once Tim is out hes like a bison. This is an example of:

evolutionary psychology

Study of the evolution of behavior and the mind based on principles of natural selection __________ is the study of evolution and behavior based on natural selection, like the citys weeeds.

Parietal Lobe

Top of head responsible for receiving sensory input for touch and body position Carl found a cool trashcan fire in his city, he accidentally stood too close to the fire and his hand got burned. The _______ was responsible for feeling the fire

Lesion

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue Having the Amygdala lesioned may reduce fear and aggression Steve had his brain ______ in an experiment, now he tries to pick fights with the rats in the city

Night terror

appearance of being terrified but no memory (stage 3) Katies dog expirences severe _____ it looks so scared when sleeping but is not bothered by it

Genes

biochemical units of heredity that makes up the chromosomes segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins Max knew he behaved at the streets the way he does because of his "superior" ______

Hypnagogic sensations

bizarre experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly, while transitioning to sleep Peter hates sleeping in his comfy bed and suddenly experiencing a _________ that jerks him off his bed

Plasticity

brain ability to modify itself after some type of damage or build new pathways based on experience Leon was old his brain went through this process a lot:

DNA

complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes Stacy was grossed out when her parents told her she was made up of their _____, she then left the pizza place immediately

substance use disorder

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk The random homeless person was diagnosed with _____ after being found unconscious on the street

MDMA (ecstasy)

designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects After doing _____ Carla cant tell whats a hallucinaton and whats not, atleast she can run faster.

Identical twins

develop from a single fertilized egg that splits and are genetically identical Mixie and Trixie came from a single egg they are an example of:

Fraternal twins

develop from two separate fertilized eggs. That are genetically no more similar than ordinary brothers and sisters Terry and Barry came from separate eggs, they are an example of:

Paul Broca

discovered area in the brain (named for him) in the left frontal lobe responsible for language production

Depressants

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions ______ are a huge problem in the US right now it includes things such as painkillers

Barbiturates

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment After taking many _____ Steve feels sleepy, when he wakes up the next day he has a hard time recalling what he did yesterday

Amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes After doing _____ Carla felt 14 different emotions within a span of 30 seconds

Heritability

extent to which variation among individuals in a group can be attributes to their differing genes The local town survey showed many different individuals its all thanks to ______ that they are all so unique but so similiar.

Hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus After not getting enough sleep Krista could see ______ of aliens at the end of the street

Ernest Hilgard

famous for his hypnosis research & the theory that a "hidden observer" theory

corpus callosum

fibers that communicate between two hemispheres of the brain (Cut to stop seizures) Jeremiah had to get the _______ cut so he can stop having extreme seizures

William James

founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment

Association areas

higher mental functions learning Milly's _______ allow her to recieve information from her sensory, and motor brain parts to interact with the city.

Cerebral Cortex

made up of neural cell that cover the two cerebral hemispheres & processes information The only reason Steve could speak to city rats was because his _________ was "special"

NREM Sleep

non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep If you ever stared at someone sleeping you would mostly see them in _______

Opiates

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety Painkillers are ____

Consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment Hasan was aware of the people jogging by due to his ______

Sleep

periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation Many students lack proper ______ some even pass out on the streets

Hallucinogens

psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input LSD is a ____

Somatosensory Cortex

registers and processes body touch and movement sensations Jaryn's ________ was responsible for feeling the feathers of a pigeon

Roger Sperry

scientist who won a Nobel Prize for work with split brain patients

Epigenetics

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Maggie studies _____ to see how the environment around her loved ones is causing a gene expression

Cognitive neuroscience

study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking Michael Gazzaniga came up with this study:

Molecular genetics

subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes Karl really wants to get into ______ where he would study structure of genes

Sleep apnea

temporarily stop breathing during sleep Max thought the homeless guy died and was not breathing, turns out he just had _____