Psychology Unit 3

Charles has Alzheimer's disease. What can Charles and his family expect in the coming years? Answers: Charles can be cured by taking medication. Charles will lose control of his motor movements. Charles's cognitive function will decline initially but then improve. Charles will experience progressive deterioration of his mental functioning.

Charles will experience progressive deterioration of his mental functioning.

April touches the cheek of her two-month old daughter, Harriet. In response, Harriet turns her head toward the touch in search of her mother's breast. Harriet is demonstrating the _____ reflex. Answers: Palmer grasp Rooting Moro Babinski

Rooting

Which of the following illustrates conservation? Answers: Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesn't think they can be recycled. Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesn't realize that he is wasting water that way. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesn't know the value of either coin by itself.

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Which of the following is the leading cause of dementia? Answers: Strokes Alzheimer's disease Chronic alcoholism Parkinson's disease

Alzheimer's disease

Robin's parents are incredibly strict and rarely show her love and affection. What type of parenting style do Robin's parents have? Answers: Authoritarian Disorganized Permissive Authoritative

Authoritarian

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades. Answers: affiliation intimacy power achievement

achievement

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves. Answers: esteem power affiliation achievement

affiliation

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn? Answers: during a period of tranquility after he is relaxed from finishing his daily meditation after he has received some exciting news immediately after his calming afternoon nap

after he has received some exciting news

Ari is three-years old and believes the moon has feelings. He is sure to tell the moon goodnight before he goes to bed. Ari is demonstrating: Answers: irreversibility. centration. animistic thinking. conservation.

animistic thinking.

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat." Mercy probably suffers from ________. Answers: bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa Prader-Willi syndrome binge eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because her family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________. Answers: centration assimilation accommodation egocentrism

assimilation

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation? Answers: Sexual orientation is something with which we are born. It is our environmental experiences early in life that determines our sexual orientation. There is no clear indication that anything we can identify explains sexual orientation. Most people are heterosexual and only some sort of life trauma results in a non-heterosexual orientation.

Sexual orientation is something with which we are born.

Dr. Korkolos is a surgeon who conducts procedures that modify a patient's gastrointestinal system so that they can only eat or absorb a limited amount of food. Dr. Korkolos's expertise is in ________ surgery. Answers: abdominoplasty hepatic rerouting bariatric colonic resection

bariatric

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory. Answers: amygdala cerebellum basolateral hippocampus

basolateral

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala. Answers: Yerkes; ventromedial James-Lange; basal basolateral; nucleus dorsal; sulcus

basolateral; nucleus

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization. Answers: biological; social esteem; aesthetic aesthetic; esteem social; biological

biological; social

Jude is a man who is emotionally and sexually attracted to both men and women, although he tends to date only one person at a time and prefers monogamous relationships. Jude is ________. Answers: heterosexual homosexual suffering from gender dysphoria bisexual

bisexual

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then makes herself vomit so that she won't retain any of the calories she just ingested. When she is not doing this she regular abuses laxatives in the hope that she will not absorb calories and gain weight. Anasophia has a normal body size, but has a great fear of gaining weight. It would be a good idea for Anasophia to be evaluated to see if she is suffering from ________. Answers: binge eating disorder bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa Prader-Willi syndrome

bulimia nervosa

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? Answers: mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn for free because he can't do it himself babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment jerking your hand back from a hot burner

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving. Answers: bargaining anger denial depression

bargaining

All of the following factors increase obedience EXCEPT: Answers: close proximity to victims. entrapment. dehumanizing and labeling victims. anonymity.

close proximity to victims.

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. Answers: consummate fatuous romantic companionate

companionate

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions. Answers: union confederate ally associate

confederate

Billie's parents tell him to share his candy bar with his younger sister, Max. At first, he breaks the candy bar into five even pieces and gives her two pieces while keeping three for himself. When she complains that he did not share the candy bar fairly, he breaks one of her pieces into two. Max is satisfied now that they both have three pieces of the candy bar. What concept does Billie understand that Max doesn't, allowing him to trick her? Answers: conservation object permanence theory of mind egocentrism

conservation

Marcus and Natasha are newlyweds. They report high levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment in their relationship. Their love would best be described as: Answers: romantic love. companionate love. consummate love. fatuous love.

consummate love.

The primary finding from the Harlows' study of rhesus monkeys was that _____ is a stronger determinant of attachment than food. Answers: contact comfort temperament culture imprinting

contact comfort

Moral reasoning based on conformity with social rules is characteristic of which level of moral development? Answers: conventional formal operational preconventional postconventional

conventional

Lamar asks his dad for a new Lexus for his birthday. When his dad quickly shuts his request down, Lamar asks his dad for a much less expensive used Chevy and his dad agrees. What compliance technique is Lamar using? Answers: lowball door-in-the-face foot-in-the-door bait-and-switch

door-in-the-face

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? Answers: abstract thought conservation egocentrism reversibility

egocentrism

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience. Answers: mood; emotion motivation; habit emotion; mood habit; motivation

emotion; mood

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. Answers: empathy sympathy infatuation instrumental support

empathy

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? Answers: biology sexual preference genetics environment and culture

environment and culture

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Answers: self-actualization esteem security physiological

esteem

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the ________. Answers: facial feedback hypothesis cognitive mediational theory Yerkes-Dodson law James-Lange theory of emotion

facial feedback hypothesis

Mike begs his mom to go to his friend Will's house for dinner. She agrees and after dinner, Mike calls his mom to ask if he can also spend the night. Mike is using the compliance technique. Answers: foot-in-the-door bait-and-switch lowball door-in-the-face

foot-in-the-door

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? Answers: formal operational sensorimotor concrete operational preoperational

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? Answers: language acquisition environment and culture cognitive capacity genes and biology

genes and biology

What is the correct order of stages of prenatal development? Answers: fetal, germinal, embryonic embryonic, fetal, germinal embryonic, germinal, fetal germinal, embryonic, fetal

germinal, embryonic, fetal

When making a group decision, Corey and colleagues typically discourage debate about various ideas and focus on building consensus for their manager's ideas. This practice is typical in: Answers: groupthink. social loafing. legitimization of authority. diffusion of responsibility.

groupthink.

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. Answers: neutral alignment homeostasis locus

homeostasis

According to research discussed in your textbook, prejudice is reduced when: Answers: groups are asked to pretend they like each other. an intellectual argument against prejudice is made. members of different groups are made to work together to achieve a common goal. members of different groups are forced to live with one another.

members of different groups are made to work together to achieve a common goal.

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________. Answers: habit motivation emotion drive

motivation

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? Answers: egocentrism object permanence stranger anxiety reversibility

object permanence

If a person had an epileptic seizure in a public place, she would be most likely to be helped if in the area. Answers: three people were one person was a dozen people were more than fifty people were

one person was

Cognitive dissonance results when: Answers: one's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent. stereotypes are confirmed through experience. a person makes the fundamental attribution error. attraction is high between two people.

one's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun "she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect. Answers: heuristic hierarchical overjustification drive-reduction

overjustification

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? Answers: permissive authoritative authoritarian Freudian

permissive

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Answers: physiological esteem security acceptance

physiological

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________. Answers: time and fear physiological and cognitive stimulus and appraisal physiological and arousal

physiological and cognitive

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? Answers: disorganized resistant secure avoidant

secure

According to Jean Piaget, children do not yet understand object permanence at the beginning of the _____ stage of cognitive development. Answers: sensorimotor formal operational concrete operational preoperational

sensorimotor

What is the correct order of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development? Answers: preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational; sensorimotor sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational preoperational; concrete operational; sensorimotor; formal operational sensorimotor; formal operational; preoperational; concrete operational

sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change. Answers: set point evolutionary limited resources Yerkes-Dodson

set point

When Ginger goes on runs with her friends, she runs much faster than when she is alone. What is this an example of? Answers: entrapment social loafing groupthink social facilitation

social facilitation

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? Answers: social facilitation an illusion of unanimity self-censorship pressure on dissenters to conform

social facilitation

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? Answers: social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior students cannot be trusted in roles of authority when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

When people explain their own behavior by making a situational attribution and the behavior of others by making a dispositional attribution, it is called: Answers: stereotyping. self-serving bias. self-fulfilling prophecy. the actor-observer bias.

the actor-observer bias.

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. Answers: groupthink the self-serving bias the actor-observer effect the fundamental attribution error

the fundamental attribution error

When Ruby wrecked her car, she told her parents that the sun was in her eyes, which caused her to crash. When Ruby received a perfect score on her math test, she attributed her success to her intelligence. Ruby is demonstrating: Answers: the self-serving bias. the actor-observer bias. social norms. prejudice.

the self-serving bias.

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Answers: Those with binge eating disorder are typically very overweight while those with bulimia nervosa are typically very underweight. Binge eating disorder involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge nervosa does not. Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not. Those with bulimia nervosa are typically very overweight while those with binge eating disorder are typically very underweight.

Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. Answers: Abraham Maslow Lawrence Kohlberg Jean Piaget Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery? Answers: It is impossible to use set point theory to predict anything about the results of bariatric surgery. It will not result in long-term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point. It has guaranteed that recipients will eventually reach their ideal weight. It will result in successful weight loss for men but not for women because men have a lower set point.

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling. Answers: James-Lange Schachter and Singer Cognitive mediational Cannon-Bard

James-Lange

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it? Answers: Rockefeller Johnson Kinsey Masters

Kinsey

Who was the first theorist to explore the idea that the way we appraise a situation would influence the type of emotion that we'd experience in response to that event? Answers: Arnold Lazarus Walter Cannon Stanley Schachter Magda Arnold

Magda Arnold

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy? Answers: Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities. Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school. Judd does not believe that he is good at math. Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments.

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.

Katie's best friend, Jasmine, just had a baby. When Katie touches the baby's palm, he grabs her finger. Although Katie finds this incredibly cute, she knows that the baby is just demonstrating the _____ reflex. Answers: Moro Palmer grasp rooting Babinski

Palmer grasp

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law? Answers: An individual's belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task influences his ability to complete the task. Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low. Humans experience a spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization. Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis.

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

In 1956, a psychologist set up an experiment in which people were shown a 10-inch line. They had to choose the line (from a group of three) that was the same length as the original line. conducted this experiment in order to study . Answers: Stanley Milgram; conformity Stanley Milgram; obedience Solomon Asch; conformity Solomon Asch; obedience

Solomon Asch; conformity

In 1963, a psychologist at Yale University conducted a study in which an authority figure (the experimenter) instructed participants to shock who they thought was another participant each time they answered a question incorrectly. conducted this experiment in order to study . Answers: Stanley Milgram; obedience Solomon Asch; obedience Solomon Asch; conformity Stanley Milgram; conformity

Stanley Milgram; obedience

_____ are environmental agents that may harm the developing baby, such as smoking, drinking, or pollution. Answers: Teratogens Toxins Pesticides Narcotics

Teratogens

What is the primary determinant of a child's attachment style? Answers: The child's intelligence. The culture they grow up in. The attachment style(s) of the child's caregiver(s). The consistency with which their needs are met by their caregiver.

The consistency with which their needs are met by their caregiver.

What is Prader-Willi syndrome? Answers: an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise an emotional dysregulation disorder that causes people to have the wrong emotion to a precipitating stimulus a condition that involves an absence of interest in sexual fantasy or behaviors. a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. Answers: a motivation homeostasis a habit an instinct

a habit

What is a social role? Answers: group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look daddy, apples!" His father tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. Answers: accommodation reversibility assimilation seriation

accommodation

While stuck in a traffic jam, Yani notices a frustrated driver frequently honking his horn. Yani thinks to himself, "That driver is a real jerk!" This is an example of a attribution. Answers: cognitive situational dispositional social

dispositional

What is the main idea of drive theory? Answers: deviations from commonly accepted drives result in an inability to satisfy physiological needs deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition and deficits in memory and learning achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming out from one of the buildings, but decides not to call the fire department because he assumes that someone else has already called. What psychological phenomenon does this example illustrate? Answers: diffusion of responsibility altruism the self-serving bias groupthink

diffusion of responsibility

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory. Answers: continuous unidirectional discontinuous bidirectional

discontinuous

Nick is a landlord. He believes that people with mental disorders are dangerous. As a result, he refuses to rent an apartment to anyone with a mental disorder. Nick's behavior of refusing to rent his apartments is an example of: Answers: diffusion of responsibility. a stereotype. altruism. discrimination.

discrimination.

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________. Answers: binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Fifteen-year-old Mareek believes that other people are as interested in him as he is. This reflects which aspect of adolescent cognitive development? Answers: animistic thinking imaginary audience centration personal fable

imaginary audience

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior? Answers: a smoker's love of nicotine pulling on one's earlobe in response to stress or anxiety infant rooting for a nipple dressing baby girls in the color pink

infant rooting for a nipple

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation. Answers: extrinsic instinct intrinsic biological

intrinsic

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. Answers: come-uppance equipoentiality equal status just-world

just-world

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety, or fullness when eating? Answers: polypeptide Y cholecystokinin estrogen leptin

leptin

Research has found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, both of which are part of the ________, are brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation. Answers: limbic system hindbrain corpus callosum reward pathway

limbic system

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality. Answers: conventional pre-conventional concrete operational post-conventional

post-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? Answers: pre-conventional conventional formal operational post-conventional

pre-conventional

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________. Answers: prejudice discrimination a stereotype conformity

prejudice

Which choice would you not expect to occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle? Answers: reduction in pulse and blood pressure erection of a penis expansion of the vaginal canal lubrication of the vagina

reduction in pulse and blood pressure

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm? Answers: priapism stage plateau stage refractory period plateau stage

refractory period

A ________ is a concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret information. Answers: category schema prototype cognition

schema