Psychology

Which of the following best exemplifies the psychological concept of consensual validation? A. Complimenting someone on the positive changes made in his or her life B. Being curious about someone who's native culture differs considerably from your own C. Being comfortable with someone who values the same things as you do D. Agreeing with someone that a proposed compromise is valid and acceptable

C. Being comfortable with someone who values the same things as you do

Which of the following statements is true about Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation? A. Universally, research refutes Erikson's theory that generativity is an important dimension of middle age B. Generative adults usually refrain from committing themselves to the continuation and improvement of society as a whole C. Generative adults develop a positive legacy of the self and then offer it as a gift to the next generation D. Adults usually strive to achieve a kind of recognition through legacies

C. Generative adults develop a positive legacy of the self and then offer it as a gift to the next generation

The obesity rate has dramatically increased in the United States since 1900. This dramatic increase in obesity is likely due to all of the following except: A. Greater availability of food B. Greater availability of energy-saving devices C. Marked changes in the human genome D. Declining physical activity

C. Marked changes in the human genome

Which of the following is an advantage of having children late? A. Women have fewer medical problems during pregnancy B. Parents have more physical energy C. Parents have more income for child-rearing expenses D. Parents are less likely to build up expectation for their children

C. Parents have more income for child-rearing expenses

The rectangularization of the population pyramid has been created by all of the following EXCEPT: A. Heath advances that promote longevity B. The aging of the baby boom cohort C. Rising male-to-female sex ratio D. Low fertility rates

C. Rising male to female ratio

Many experts on middle adulthood describe the age period of 55-65 as:

Late midlife

Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed:

generativity vs. stagnation

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:

have been exaggerated

One of the benefits of a good marriage is

increased longevity

The concept of ______ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disease and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills

"Use it or lose it"

Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases? A. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome B. Lower cholesterol levels and improved lung function C. Postmenopausal hormone levels and increased body water D. Better osmoregulation and lower trans fat

A. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome

Which of the following is true about Austrian psychiatrist Victor Frankl? A. He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life B. He said that the two most distinct human qualities are religiousness and philanthropy C. Spirituality, in his view, has a religious underpinning D. He argues that freedom refers to a human being's uniqueness of spirit, philosophy, and mind

A. He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE? A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened B. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased C. When HDL is low and LDL is high, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened D. When both HDL and LDL are low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened

A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened

Reductions in ______ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimers disease

Acetylcholine

______ refers to a behavior pattern characterized by an overwhelming involvement with a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply

Addiction

Sustained exercises such as jogging or swimming that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as:

Aerobic exercises

Identify the super trait that encompasses traits such as soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful, according to the Big Five factors of personality

Agreeableness

Continuous accommodation of physiological systems in response to stressors may result in _____, a wearing down of body systems due to constant activity

Allostatic load

Which of the following is called the common cold of mental disorders

Alzheimers disease

Research relating to individual temperaments has indicated that children with easy temperaments at age 3 to 5:

Are more likely to be well adjusted young adults

Which of the following statements about bone and joint functioning is TRUE? A. Peak functioning of the body's joints usually occurs in the 30s B. By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly C. Maximum bone density occurs by the mid-to-late 20s D. The rate of bone density loss decelerates in the 50s

B. By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly

Which of the following concepts have distinctions similar to the ones between cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics? A. Gross and fine motor skills B. Fluid and crystallized intelligence C. Physiological and psychological control D. Generativity and stagnation

B. Fluid and crystallized intelligence

Which of the following is a significant observation by Neugarten regarding social clocks? A. Social clocks are more rigid than they were before B. Individuals whose lives are synchronized with the social clocks are less stressed C. Younger adults below 25 years are excluded from the social clock age bracket D. Social clocks are more important for males than females

B. Individuals whose lives are synchronized with the social clocks are less stressed

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 "Sex in America" survey? A. Most Americans have sex twice or more a week B. Married and cohabitating couples have sex more often than noncohabitating couples C. Most men and women have always remained faithful to their partners and have avoided any adulterous relations D. Women think about having sex more than men do

B. Married and cohabitating couples have sex more often than noncohabitating couples

_____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing

Cellular clock

Which of the following statements about novices and experts is true? A. Novices are more creative involving problems than experts B. Novices are more flexible in solving problems than experts C. Experts avoid the use of strategies and shortcuts when solving problems D. Experts process information more automatically than novices

D. Experts process information more automatically than novices

Which of the following statements is supported by Crystal Park's research on chronic stress and religious experiences? A. Individuals who are religious rarely experience a disruption in their values after the death of a loved one B. Religion cans serve as a meaning system through which the bereaved are able to reframe their loss C. Nonreligious people show better adjustment to the loss of a loved one than religious people D. Initially region is linked with less depressed feeling about a loved ones death

D. Initially region is linked with less depressed feeling about a loved ones death

Which of the following statements is TRUE about mortality rates in the United States and the world? A. The least number of deaths in the 20th century were due to infectious diseases B. The rates of chronic disorders have decreased and the rate of infectious disease have increased C. In old age, many deaths are caused by a single readily identifiable condition D. Men usually have higher mortality rates than women for all of the leading causes of death

D. Men usually have higher mortality rates than women for all of the leading causes of death

Which of the following is NOT a biological theory explaining aging? A. Cellular clock theory B. Free-radial theory C. Mitochondrial theory D. Reverse neurogenesis theory

D. Reverse neurogenesis theory

Which of the following changes is seen in the division of responsibility for work and family when more U.S. women took jobs outside the home? A. U.S. men started avoiding any responsibility for maintaining the homes B. U.S. women retracted and withdrew from taking responsibility for breadwinning C. U.S. women failed to adapt any strategies to co-ordinate work and family D. U.S. men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting

D. U.S. men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting

_____ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning

Dementia

Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in

Early adulthood

Middle-age partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they

Engage in mutual activities

The retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called ____ memory

Episodic

John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase.

Fluid

In which part of the color spectrum is the loss of color vision most likely to occur?

Green-blue-violet

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person

Intimacy

One study reported by Gillum and others revealed that religious attendance at least weekly compared with never was linked to a:

Lower risk of mortality

The researchers in the Mills College Study concluded that rather than being in a midlife crisis, the women were experiencing:

Midlife consciousness

According to the observations made by the authors Joseph and Claudia Allen, the current generation of adolescents is experiencing _____ after adolescence

More adolescence

Which of the following is a major challenge for sexually interested older women (over 70)

Not having a partner

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, ____ is physical and sexual attraction to another

Passion

_______ care refer to services that provide temporary relief for those who are caring for individuals with disabilities, illnesses or the elderly

Respite

Evidence is increasing that _____ plays a key role in red wine's health benefits

Resveratrol

The ____ attachment style is more likely to be characterized by trust, commitment, and longevity

Secure

The _____ are characterized by individuals motivated to find new mates as soon as possible after their divorce

Seekers

There is a "one-third rule" for alcoholism: By age 65, one-third are dead or in terrible shape, one-third are abstinent or drinking socially, and "one third are:

Still trying to beat their addiction

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2003) has identified ______ among older adults as the "invisible epidemic" in the United States

Substance abuse

One of the most common language difficulties that older adults experience is:

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Examples of Dana Torres (olympic swimmer) and Tom Watson (golfer) have been used to illustrate that:

There have been instances of highly conditioned athletes stretching the age limit on winning performances

Piaget stressed that young adults are more quantitatively advanced in their thinking than adolescents because:

They have more knowledge

Researchers have found that male rapists share the following characteristics: aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity; they are angry at women in general; and:

They want to hurt and humiliate their victims

_____ is expert knowledge about the about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgement about important matters

Wisdom

The slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in ____, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language

Working memory

Recent research suggests the cohabiting:

before marriage increases the likelihood of divorce

The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are:

close

The oldest-old today are mostly

female

Selective attention is _____, whereas divided attention is _______.

focusing on one thing; focusing on many things

With regard to the timing of remarriage in the US:

men tend to remarry sooner than women do

When women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in

tend-and-befriend pattern