Psychopathology

Which of the following approaches would be the best approach for someone with paranoid personality disorder that is entering therapy for the first time?

Behavioral therapy.

All of the following can make a person more susceptible to schizophrenia EXCEPT:

Being a second-generation immigrant

All of the following are characteristics of those with antisocial personality disorder who are more likely to benefit from therapy EXCEPT:

Being under the age of 25.

All of the following are related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) EXCEPT:

Boys who participate in sports have concussions more often than girls who participate in sports.

Because most people who are later diagnosed with bipolar disorder first present with depression, it is important to assess someone with MDD for _____ and _____.:

A family history of bipolar disorder; a personal history of elevated mood or increased energy

Which of the following would be the most likely recommended strategy to use with clients who have histrionic personality disorder?

A here-and-now approach that helps them realize how their behavior is impacting others and preventing them successful relationships; then setting realistic goals for change.

Which of the following is true for bipolar I disorder?

After someone has had a first manic episode, 90% will have another manic episode in the future

Which of the following factors can contribute to conduct disorder symptoms?

All of the above (Caregivers with conduct disorder, multiples changes in caregivers, or ineffective/inconsistent parenting, Co-occurring ADHD, exposure to violence or involvement with delinquent peer groups)

Which of the following therapies are possible interventions in the treatment of MDD?

All of the above (Exercise therapy, Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation)

Which of the following statements is true regarding the prognosis for bipolar disorder?

All of the above (Relapse is almost assured even when treatment recommendations are followed, Prognosis is worse when multiple episodes have occurred or when the rapid cycling specifier applies, Prognosis is worse when the person has a co-occurring substance use disorder)

Which of the following is an important intervention component for intellectual disability?

All of the above (early interventions, including special education; family involvement and parent training; behavior modification)

Which of the following is part of the first-line treatment for childhood sleep disorders?

All of the above. (Parent education about sleep hygiene for children, behavioral strategies to help encourage appropriate bedtime behavior, age appropriate sleep-wake schedules)

For hoarding disorder, ___ is the specifier for those who continue to add items that are not needed, will not be used, or for which there is no space.

Excessive acquisition

___ is the first-line (best initial choice) treatment for adults with OCD

Exposure and response prevention therapy

All of the following are associated with family-focused therapy (FFT) EXCEPT:

Family members learn how to increase their expressed emotion (EE) so they become a high EE family

A growing body of literature indicates that _________ may be the best approach for treating anorexia nervosa, especially for adolescents.

Family therapy

Regarding eating disorders:

Family, peer, and cultural influences all play a part in the development of these disorders.

Binge eating disorder:

Involves a sense of loss of control when eating.

Panic disorder:

Involves persistent worry of experiencing another panic attack OR changes in behavior to avoid the recurrence of an attack

Kleptomania

Involves recurrent, unpremeditated theft that is often done to reduce or relieve negative affect (e.g., tension).

The diagnosis of pica:

Involves the consumption of nonnutritive, nonfood substances.

Social anxiety disorder:

Is more likely to occur when family members also have the diagnosis

All of the following are characteristics of persistent depressive disorder EXCEPT:

It must be triggered by the loss of a loved one

All of the following apply to the diagnosis of encopresis EXCEPT:

It occurs more often in females than males.

All of the following are true regarding oppositional behavior or the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) EXCEPT:

It occurs much more often in boys than girls.

Body dysmorphic disorder involves a ___ in one's ___.

Perceived flaw; appearance

The MDD specifier used when depression begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of giving birth is:

Peripartum onset

A child who rarely seeks or responds to comfort when distressed is associated with the diagnosis ___ while a child who is excessively social and seeks comfort even from strangers is associated with ___.

Reactive attachment disorder; disinhibited social engagement disorder

All of the following are DSM-5 communication disorders EXCEPT:

Regressive communication disorder

After improvement, it is important to build ______ into a treatment plan for alcohol use disorder to provide clients with tools to help them recognize and overcome or replace cravings for alcohol:

Relapse prevention.

All of the following are true regarding dissociative identity disorder EXCEPT:

Religious practices or substance use can cause the symptoms of this disorder

All of the following are associated with the diagnosis of PTSD EXCEPT:

Symptoms for < 1 month

All of the following are associated with cyclothymic disorder EXCEPT:

Symptoms must be limited to less than 6 months

In the text, which of these was NOT included as a helpful component in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

Systemic care for BDD

This is a group treatment specific to BPD that combines CBT skills training with a systemic perspective. It has been shown to reduce depression, impulsivity, and overall functioning.

Systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving (STEPPS).

When treating someone with paranoid personality disorder, all of the following are recommended strategies for therapists EXCEPT

Taking calls from and meeting with family members when the client is not available.

The "interpersonal and social rhythm therapy" approach for bipolar disorder emphasizes:

The importance of circadian rhythms and establishing a stable/consistent daily routine and balanced lifestyle to more effectively manage one's moods

Regarding intermittent explosive disorder (IED):

The outbursts usually last less than 30 minutes and usually occur in response to a mild/moderate provocation from a friend or family member.

___ is a manualized version of CBT that was one of the first evidence-based practices for childhood separation anxiety

Coping Cat

All of the following are possible symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT:

Dysphoric mood

Which of the following is NOT an empirically supported treatment for conduct disorder?

Group Therapy

A therapeutic approach for hair pulling or skin picking that is designed to identify stimulus triggers for the behavior, engage in more positive competing behaviors, and encourage social support is called:

Habit reversal training (HRT)

All of the following are possible symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder EXCEPT:

Hand-washing or checking compulsions.

All of the following can be a part of the DSM-5 diagnosis of hoarding disorder EXCEPT:

Hoarding that is a result of a brain injury

Which of the following is the most likely scenario for therapists to prepare for when working with those who have OCPD?

A client's goal is to determine the absolute right and wrong solution to a situation.

All of the following qualities can apply to the diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder EXCEPT:

A detailed style of speech that conveys a true depth of emotion.

Utilizing a treatment team consisting of a physician, nutritionist, and mental health professional in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is called _______.

A multidisciplinary approach

Which of the following best describes the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?

A pervasive pattern of disregarding the rights of others and violating social norms.

All of the following symptoms can apply to the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder EXCEPT:

A rigidly consistent sense of self.

All of the following are possible symptoms of avoidant personality disorder EXCEPT

A total lack of interest in having relationships.

For the diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, a person must have experienced both a ___ and a ___.

Hypomanic episode; major depressive episode

Regarding the DSM-5's diagnosis of ADHD

If a child only displays symptoms of ADHD in a school setting, the diagnosis of ADHD cannot be given

Which of the following is true regarding DMDD and other diagnoses?

If temper outbursts only occur in the context of autism spectrum disorder, only ASD is diagnosed

The DSM-5 diagnosis of excoriation is defined as recurrent skin picking that results:

In skin lesions even though one has attempted to stop or reduce this behavior

In addition to the effective treatment approach mentioned above (#14), research indicates that effective therapy for GAD must also address ___ and ___.

Interpersonal issues; emotional processing

Psychotic symptoms can occur during a _____ or _____:

Manic episode; major depressive episode

All of the following are true regarding interventions with schizophrenia EXCEPT:

Medications and contact with helping professionals work best on a short-term or "as needed" basis, rather than extended time periods

Which of these is the LEAST LIKELY component to include when treating an adult with specific phobia?

Medications like benzodiazepines

_______ is the most commonly used opioid-substitute substance used in treating opioid dependent individuals in North America.

Methadone.

Which of the following is important to include when intervening with enuresis?

All of the Above (Referral to a physician to ensure normal bladder functioning and to rule out medical causes, Psychoeducation for the child and parent about enuresis and its treatment, A urine-alarm procedure with overlearning)

Important characteristics of therapists who help those with PTSD include:

All of the above (Being active and directive during the therapy process, Providing a safe environment to help the person regain a sense of control, Awareness of their sensitivity to secondary traumatization and willingness to seek supervision)

A common characteristic of those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is:

All of the above (Difficulty in regulating emotions, Instability of self-identity, iImpulsivity (e.g., overeating, shopping, drug use))

Which of the following has been found helpful when treating those with NCD?

All of the above (Exercise and increased social interaction, Mindfulness-based meditation and stress reduction techniques, Education and social support for caregivers)

Children who later develop antisocial personality disorder may:

All of the above (Have grown up in families in which a first-degree relative had antisocial personality or substance use problems, Have been ignored by parents or received discipline that was inconsistent or excessive, not have had any role models of empathic tenderness.)

A manic episode can include or lead to:

All of the above (Psychotic symptoms, Hospitalization, Significant impairment in functioning)

Cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT) can help social anxiety disorder by:

All of the above (learning new skills from others, Experimenting with new ways of interacting, Providing connections with others and receiving feedback from peers)

How are those with dependent personality disorder likely to view or relate to the therapist?

All of the above As a "magical helper" on whom they rely, they may develop romantic feelings toward the therapist, they are likely to be cooperative and want the therapist to take the lead in the sessions)

Parent management training (PMT):

All of the above are true of PMT.

The use of hallucinogens (e.g., MDMA, ecstasy, LSD) can cause:

All of the above.(Disturbances in the perception of reality, Feelings of euphoria, Illusions or psychotic symptoms.)

All of the following apply to neurocognitive disorder (NCD) EXCEPT:

Alzheimer's disease is the least common cause of dementia.

Of all the classes of drugs ________ are the most likely to produce symptoms that mimic those of mental disorders.

Amphetamines/stimulants.

Which of the following has NOT been found to be true regarding alcohol use disorder treatment?

Antabuse (disulfiram), a drug that causes nausea/vomiting after the consumption of alcohol, has been very effective.

Specific phobias ___.

Are often accompanied by other diagnoses and are asscoiated with an increased suicide risk

Of the following, which is the most important initial objective for therapists when working with those with borderline personality disorder?

Assess the potential for self-harm/suicide and develop a safety plan with the client.

An intervention that is designed to facilitate a foster parent's ability to provide unconditional support and nurturance for children who have experiences disrupted attachment is called:

Attachment and biobehavioral catchup

Individuals who meet the criteria for social anxiety disorder:

Avoid social situations or endure them while feeling anxious

Two characteristics of schizoid personality disorder are _____ and ____.

Avoiding close interpersonal contact with others; a lack of interest in intimate relationships.

Regarding ADHD

Behavioral interventions should be incorporated into all aspects of a child's life (e.g., home and school)

Which of the following is true regarding bipolar II disorder?

Bipolar II disorder is more common than bipolar I disorder

Learning to stay focused in the present moment, without judgment, is the goal of:

Mindfulness

An intervention strategy designed to reduce resistance and enhance readiness to change is called:

Motivation enhancement therapy.

A combination of ________ and _______ appears to be the most effective treatment for cannabis use disorder.

Motivational enhancement therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy.

The most effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is:

CBT

Regarding the treatment of bulimia nervosa:

CBT has well-established efficacy for treating bulimia nervosa.

Adjustment disorder:

Can be triggered by "positive" events (e.g., getting married, having a baby)

Conduct disorder:

Can include harm to animals.

Regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD):

Children and adolescents with ASD are at increased risk for bullying and violence

_____ is a highly structured and well-established treatment for those who experience chronic depression that has strong research support. Clients learn to recognize how their depression contributes to their interpersonal problems. This therapy is designed to modify individuals' thought patterns and feelings while also improving their ability to relate interpersonally.

Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP)

The therapeutic approach that combines the development of anxiety management skills along with cognitive restructuring to help clients alter disrupted cognitions is called:

Cognitive processing therapy (CPT)

All of the following are true regarding interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) EXCEPT:

Parental involvement has been found to have little value in the treatment of children with ASD

All of the following are possible symptoms of dependent personality disorder EXCEPT

Self-injurious impulses or behavior.

All of the following are true regarding the diagnosis of intellectual disability EXCEPT:

Severity levels (e.g., mild, moderate, severe) of intellectual disability are based on a person's IQ score

Regarding the DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, _____.

Severity ratings are given according to a person's body mass index (BMI) value.

A necessary feature of any treatment for avoidant personality disorder is _______.

Social skills training.

All of the following are possible symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder EXCEPT:

Speech that is overly detailed and concise.

All of the following are true of Alzheimer's disease EXCEPT

The cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease usually come on suddenly and remain stable over time.

All of the following are characteristics of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) EXCEPT:

The diagnosis must be given prior to the age of 6

Regarding bulimia nervosa:

The diagnosis requires one episode of binge eating per week along with recurrent compensatory behaviors for three months.

All of these are characteristics of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) EXCEPT:

The majority of women qualify for the diagnosis of PMDD

Interventions with encopresis would likely involve all of the following EXCEPT:

The nasal spray DDAVP.

The overall goal/objective of therapy when working with those with dependent personality disorder is:

To improve their self-reliance and autonomy.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD):

Can be diagnosed if someone only experiences obsessions or compulsions

Which of the following is true of cocaine?

Death rates are higher than any other drug.

With bipolar II disorder, functional impairment is mainly related to the ____ symptoms.

Depression

Anorexia nervosa is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Developing countries with lower socio-economic status (SES), more so than higher SES countries.

A relatively new approach to treating anorexia that involves 1) reducing participation in life-threating behaviors, 2) reducing over-control behaviors on the part of the client that lead to rumination and impaired relationships, and 3) repairing ruptures in the therapeutic alliance is called ____.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), specifically radically open DBT.

In this therapeutic approach for BPD, the therapist accepts and empathizes with the client's emotional pain while also challenging the person to develop better coping skills and reduce self-defeating behaviors. It has also been effective at reducing suicidal and self-harming behaviors.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).

The most validated form of therapy for BPD is:

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).

When working with clients with delusions, a recommended strategy is for therapists to:

Discuss the delusions enough to understand them, then suggest alternative explanations

Which one of the following best describes key characteristics of paranoid personality disorder?

Distrust and suspiciousness about the motivations of others.

The prognosis for women with adjustment disorders is not very promising

False

To date, there are no substances or toxins known to cause OCD symptoms:

False

Treatment of agoraphobia with CBT has had very limited success (i.e., <20% improve)

False

True or False. Tourette's disorder involves either a motor or a vocal tic.

False

True or False: Most children who experience persistent irritable mood eventually develop bipolar disorder.

False

True or False: Most people with bipolar disorder take their prescribed medication

False

True or False: Most symptoms of dissociative identity disorder remit spontaneously

False

True or False: To diagnose a sleep disorder, DSM-5 requires that subjective assessments (self-report) are used because they have been found to be more accurate than objective assessments

False

The primary treatment for children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder is _____.

Family therapy.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding men, women, and alcohol:

Females are less likely to drink alone than males and are less vulnerable to alcohol-induced medical problems.

Regarding hoarding disorder:

Few people seek treatment for hoarding disorder

The diagnosis of major depressive disorder could include any of these symptoms EXCEPT:

Flight of ideas or racing thoughts

Regarding the treatment of separation anxiety disorder:

For children, the combination of a CBT-type treatment and medication is effective

The onset of borderline personality disorder seems to be best understood as a combination of ___ and ___.

Genetic predisposition; environmental stressors.

All of the following are possible symptoms of the MDD specifier "atypical depression" EXCEPT:

Lack of ability to respond to pleasurable events when depressed

The combination of _____ and ______ had been found to be the most effective treatment for smoking cessation.

Nicotine replacement therapy; a psychosocial program (e.g., behavior therapy).

What is an evidence-based approach for reactive attachment disorder?

No evidence-based practice has yet been established

Which form of treatment has been found to have a high level of effectiveness with antisocial personality disorder?

None of the above

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder involves:

None of the above.

It is fairly easy for those with narcissistic personality disorder to openly acknowledge:

None of the above.

In exposure and response prevention therapy, a person is exposed to ___ and prevented from participating in ___:

Obsessional cues; rituals (compulsions)

Which of the following is the best approach to reducing neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)?

Prevention and preventive strategies.

Kernberg and Kohut have developed ____ approaches that can help some people with narcissistic personality disorder make positive changes and develop a more accurate sense of self. Both therapies are ___ in nature.

Psychoanalytic; long-term.

All of the following are possible symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT:

Psychomotor retardation

First-time users of cannabis with an underlying genetic predisposition or frequent users of cannabis are at risk for developing the symptoms of _____:

Psychosis.

The first-line treatment for children with mood disorders should involve _____ and _____:

Psychotherapy; parent psychoeducation

Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of pyromania?

Pyromania involves tension or affective arousal prior to setting a fire followed by gratification, pleasure, or relief afterward.

All of the following are important components in the treatment of children with ADHD EXCEPT

Reality-emotive therapy

Regarding ADHD and medication

Stimulants are the most common medication used in the treatment of ADHD

There is a wealth of controlled clinical trials that support a combination of three components of treatment for panic disorder. Which of the following is NOT one of these three?

Stimulus control therapy

In the DSM-5, the diagnosis of substance use disorder replaces the previous diagnoses of:

Substance abuse and substance dependence.

Because they can be associated, adults and adolescents with adjustment disorder need to be assessed for ___

Suicidal ideation

All of the following are characteristics of the diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder EXCEPT:

The typical stranger anxiety that occurs around age 2

General guidelines when treating those with schizoid personality disorder include all of the following EXCEPT:

The use of in-depth interpretations and provocative confrontation when needed.

Regarding treatment for children with the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD):

Therapists must be patient while also firm and capable of developing appropriate behavioral strategies.

Regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD):

There is a worldwide increase in the number of children being diagnosed with autism

The FDA has approved certain mood stabilizing and other medications for use with bipolar disorder. Which of the following statements best describes the role these medications play in treatment?

These medications form the foundation of evidence-based practice for bipolar disorder and are used from the very beginning of treatment

Adults with antisocial personality disorder most often enter therapy because:

They are court ordered to do so.

All of the following are true regarding the diagnosis of a delusional disorder EXCEPT:

This diagnosis is the most disabling of all the schizophrenia spectrum disorders

All of the following are evidence-supported treatments for MDD EXCEPT:

Transference-focused therapy

The treatment with the most evidence-based support in the treatment of PTSD is:

Trauma-focused CBT

Mindfulness-based practices can assist those facing life transitions by helping them recognize, tolerate, and accept emotions related to the stressors

True

Self-directed treatments for agoraphobia have been found to be as effective as clinician-directed therapy (although attrition may be higher without a therapist).

True

True or False. Gambling behavior appears to activate pleasure centers in the brain similar to those activated by substances.

True

True or False. In general, treatment interventions for schizoaffective disorder will be similar to those for schizophrenia.

True

True or False. Specific learning disorders in the DSM-5 include the domains of reading, written expression and mathematics.)

True

True or False. The record number of young people treated for ADHD has increased the availability and misuse of stimulants among college students.

True

True or False. Treatment for Tourette's and other tic disorders generally involves medication along with cognitive or behavioral therapy.

True

True or False: Children are likely to outgrow most parasomnias (e.g., nightmares, sleep terrors, sleepwalking) with few that persist into adulthood

True

True or False: Interpersonal therapy is particularly effective in bereavement-related depressive episodes and in the treatment of depression for the elderly population.

True

True or False: Major depressive disorder is the most frequently occurring debilitating disorder affecting people worldwide.

True

True or False: Most symptoms of dissociative amnesia and depersonalization remit without treatment.

True

True or False: Physical aggression is NOT a requirement for the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder.

True

True or False: The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia is the same for children and adults.

True

True or False: The majority (as many as 90%) of individuals with dissociative identity disorder experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, or childhood neglect.

True

True or False: The specifier of "with rapid cycling" that can be used with bipolar disorder requires the occurrence of four or more separate mood episodes in the preceding 12-month period of time.

True

True or False: The treatment for cyclothymic disorder is generally the same as that for other bipolar and related disorders.

True

All of the following are common goals in the treatment of adjustment disorder EXCEPT:

Use intensive flooding strategies to expose the person to the stressors associated with the disorder

Regarding adolescents and substance use:

When adolescents drink, they consume more than adults.