psychopharmacology exam 3 quizzes

If you were told that a 0.6 ounce beverage contained one standard drink of alcohol, you would conclude that the beverage was what percentage alcohol?

100%

Rank the hallucinogenic compounds in terms of their potency to produce hallucinations. Most potent Medium potency Least potent

LSD Psilocybin Mescaline

According to the chapter and lecture, which of the following drugs produce THC-like subjective effects? Select one or more: triazolam hydromorphone methylphenidate None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following are BACs at or above the LD50 BAC for alcohol? Select one or more: a. 0.25 g per 50 ml b. 0.1 g per 100 ml c. 0.5 g per 1000 ml d. 0.5 g per 100 ml

a. 0.25 g per 50 ml d. 0.5 g per 100 ml

The National Prohibition Act became the: Select one: a. 18th Amendment. b. basis for the Harrison Narcotics Act. c. Controlled Substances Act. d. 21st Amendment.

a. 18th Amendment.

Like MDMA, which of the following drugs is known to be a mixed stimulant-psychedelic? Select one or more: a. 5-MeO-DIPT b. 6-OH-DPAT c. MDEA d. AMT

a. 5-MeO-DIPT c. MDEA d. AMT

If someone blew a BAC of 0.08, how many grams of alcohol would be found in 100 ml of blood? Select one: a. 80 mg b. 80 g c. 8 g d. 0.8 g

a. 80 mg

Alcohol binds to: Select one: a. GABAA receptors. b. GABAB receptors c. metabotropic GABA receptors. d. GABAC receptors

a. GABAA receptors.

Which of the following is the most commonly reported symptom of hangover? Select one: a. Headache b. Diarrhea c. Fatigue d. Nausea

a. Headache

By inhibiting calcium channels, what effect does alcohol have a neurotransmission? Select one: a. Inhibits release of neurotransmitters from vesicles. b. Inhibits transportation of neurotransmitters through synaptic vesicular transporters. c. Prevents excitatory postsynaptic potentials. d. Prevents neurotransmitter reupake.

a. Inhibits release of neurotransmitters from vesicles.

If LSD was approved as a legal therapeutic substance (i.e., it's psychedelic effects were accepted as therapeutic), which of the following terms would describe its therapeutic index? Select one: a. Large. b. 1. c. Small d. Negative

a. Large.

Rats were trained to discriminate methamphetamine from vehicle and then tested with varying doses of methamphetamine and several other drugs. Based on the graph below, identify which of the statements are accurate based on the figure. Select one or more: a. MDMA produces methamphetamine-like subjective effects more than LSD and DOM b. DOM fully substitutes for methamphetamine c. Methamphetamine does not produce subjective effects d. Methamphetamine produces mostly LSD-like subjective effects e. LSD fully substitutes for methamphetamine

a. MDMA produces methamphetamine-like subjective effects more than LSD and DOM

How does the rate of elimination of MDMA change over time? Select one: a. Slows over time. b. Increases over time. c. Shifts to zero-order kinetics. d. Remains constant.

a. Slows over time.

Dronabinol is the prescription form of Select one: a. THC b. cannabidiol c. cannabinol d. WIN52212-2

a. THC

When cannabis user feels stone, he may feel an altered sense of time called... Select one: a. accelerated time. b. marking time. c. pacing. d. diminished time.

a. accelerated time.

Alcohol is mostly catabolized by the enzyme: Select one: a. alcohol dehydrogenase. b. aldehyde dehydrogenase. c. dopamine-beta-dehydroxylase. d. acetaldehyde.

a. alcohol dehydrogenase.

Damage to the heart caused by chronic heavy alcohol use is called: Select one: a. alcoholic cardiomyopathy. b. alcohol associated cirrhosis. c. alcohol poisoning. d. alcoholic arrhythmias.

a. alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

The 18th Amendment: Select one: a. banned the sale and distribution of alcohol. b. banned possession of alcohol. c. eliminated the ban on the production of alcohol. d. created a tax making alcohol cost prohibitive to purchase.

a. banned the sale and distribution of alcohol.

Which of the following statements concerning buprenorphine are accurate? Select one or more: a. buprenorphine has been shown as effective in managing pain as morphine b. buprenorphine has been shown to reduce illicit opiate use c. buprenorphine and morphine are both full mu agonists d. buprenorphine is effective for treating cocaine addiction

a. buprenorphine has been shown as effective in managing pain as morphine b. buprenorphine has been shown to reduce illicit opiate use

Based on the graph below, which of the following statements are accurate? Select one or more: a. buprenorphine is more effective than BU08028 at maintaining responding b. remifentanil has higher efficacy than buprenorphine in maintaining responding c. BU08028 isa partial agonist at opiate receptors d. remifentanil is more potent than the other drugs in maintaining responding e. buprenorphine is more potent than BU08028 at maintaining responding

a. buprenorphine is more effective than BU08028 at maintaining responding b. remifentanil has higher efficacy than buprenorphine in maintaining responding d. remifentanil is more potent than the other drugs in maintaining responding

Drugs that act on the cannabinoid system are called... Select one: a. cannabinoids. b. cannabis-like drugs. c. THC. d. cannabidol-like drugs.

a. cannabinoids.

An advantage that cannabis may have over opioids for treating pain is Select one: a. cannabis treats neuropathic pain. b. cannabis is legal to obtain whereas opioids require a prescription. c. cannabis is not an addictive substance. d. cannabis has fewer adverse effects than opioids.

a. cannabis treats neuropathic pain.

Irritability, anger, and decrease appetite occurring when a cannabis user does not have access to cannabis is likely an indication of... Select one: a. cannabis withdrawal syndrome. b. use of synthetic marijuana. c. cannabis toxicity. d. stoned dysphoria.

a. cannabis withdrawal syndrome.

Administration of JWH-018 would be expected to do which of the following? Select one or more: a. cause stimulation of CB1 receptors b. inhibit binding of anandamide to CB1 receptors c. inhibit binding of anandamide to CB2 receptors d. inhibit synthesis of 2-AG and anandamide

a. cause stimulation of CB1 receptors b. inhibit binding of anandamide to CB1 receptors

Since an opioid drug produces euphoria, a related withdrawal effect would likely consist of: Select one: a. depression. b. confusion. c. pain sensitivity. d. restlessness.

a. depression.

Neurochemically, depression and lethargy occurring a day after using MDMA is due to Select one: a. diminished levels of dopamine and serotonin. b. toxic damage to serotonin neurons. c. diminished levels of dopamine. d. diminished levels of serotonin.

a. diminished levels of dopamine and serotonin.

Albert Hofmann is known for Select one: a. discovering LSD. b. using LSD in psychotherapy. c. finding that dimethyltryptamine is similar in structure to serotonin. d. evaluating ergot poisoning during the Salem witch trials.

a. discovering LSD.

If someone had a genetic makeup that produced an enzyme, other than aldehyde dehydrogenase, that could metabolize acetaldehyde, which of the following would likely occur? Select one: a. disulfiram would no longer be effective or would be less effective as a treatment for alcohol abuse b. naltrexone would no longer be effective or would be less effective as a treatment for alcohol abuse c. disulfiram would be more effective as a treatment for alcohol abuse d. naltrexone would be more effective as a treatment for alcohol abuse

a. disulfiram would no longer be effective or would be less effective as a treatment for alcohol abuse

The prescription form of delta-9-THC is called Select one: a. dronabinol. b. anabinol. c. cannabidiol. d. nabilone.

a. dronabinol.

Which of the following are pharmacological strategies for treating alcohol abuse? Select one or more: a. elevating calcium levels b. music therapy c. inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase d. blocking opiate receptors

a. elevating calcium levels c. inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase d. blocking opiate receptors

If morphine is found in someone's blood, which of the following could the person have taken? Select one or more: a. heroin b. morphine c. fentanyl d. codeine e. methadone

a. heroin b. morphine d. codeine

CB2 receptors are located in the Select one: a. immune system. b. reward system. c. motor system. d. learning and memory systems.

a. immune system.

By acting on the hippocampus, a CB1 receptor agonist can... Select one: a. impair memory. b. improve contextual conditioning for cannabinoid use. c. reduce attention. d. enhance pain sensitivity.

a. impair memory.

Inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase would likely... Select one: a. increase levels of anandamide. b. decrease levels of anandamide. c. decrease levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol. d. increase levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol.

a. increase levels of anandamide.

A person is taking an antidepressant that inhibits the CYP2D6 enzyme. Which of the following would be likely to occur? Select one: a. increased effects of MDMA b. decreased effects of MDMA c. decreased effects of LSD d. none of the above

a. increased effects of MDMA

The cardiovascular effects of THC consist of Select one: a. increased heart rate. b. hypertension. c. elongated heart beats. d. altered EKG patterns.

a. increased heart rate.

Which of the following outcomes would be expected to result from inhibition of FAAH? Select one or more: a. increased stimulation of CB1 receptors b. increased levels of anandamide c. increased levels of 2-AG d. decreased levels of 2-AG e. increased appetite f. decreased appetite

a. increased stimulation of CB1 receptors b. increased levels of anandamide e. increased appetite

Which of the following might help reduce withdrawal symptoms from opiate dependence? Select one or more: a. increasing activity of the sodium-potassium pump b. administering naltrexone or naloxone c. increasing neuronal inhibition (reducing excitability of neurons) d. administering a mu receptor agonist

a. increasing activity of the sodium-potassium pump c. increasing neuronal inhibition (reducing excitability of neurons) d. administering a mu receptor agonist

A semisynthetic opioid: Select one: a. is an opioid synthesized from a naturally occurring opioid. b. contains components that occur naturally and other components produced synthetically. c. is a synthetically made compound identical to the same compound produced naturally. d. is a prodrug that produces an opioid drug as an active metabolite.

a. is an opioid synthesized from a naturally occurring opioid.

The effects produced by alcohol at different concentrations consist of: Select one: a. lower concentrations produce stimulant effects whereas higher concentrations produce depressant effects. b. all concentrations produce exclusively depressant effects. c. all concentrations produce stimulant effects. d. lower concentrations produce depressant effects whereas higher concentrations produce stimulant effects.

a. lower concentrations produce stimulant effects whereas higher concentrations produce depressant effects.

Alcohol increases serotonin concentrations in the: Select one: a. nucleus accumens. b. thalamus. c. ventral tegmental area. d. cingulate cortex.

a. nucleus accumens.

The most preferred route of MDMA administration is Select one: a. oral. b. intravenous. c. subcutaneous. d. inhalation.

a. oral.

Which of the following statements concerning the graph below are true? Select one or more: a. people on methadone used illicit heroin more than people on heroin-assisted treatment b. people on methadone used illicit cocaine more than people on heroin-assisted treatment c. people on heroin-assisted treatment used illicit cocaine more than people on methadone d. people on heroin used illicit heroin more than people on methadone

a. people on methadone used illicit heroin more than people on heroin-assisted treatment

CB1 receptors are found densely located in all of the following structures except... Select one: a. periaqueductal gray. b. cerebellum. c. basal ganglia. d. cerebral cortex.

a. periaqueductal gray.

Alcohol acts as a ________________ for GABAA receptors. Select one: a. positive modulator b. agonist c. antagonist d. negative modulator

a. positive modulator

Most heroin users had first used: Select one: a. prescription opioid drugs. b. hallucinogens. c. bath salts. d. marijuana.

a. prescription opioid drugs.

Injecting delta-9-THC directly into a brain tumor was shown to... Select one: a. prevent further growth of the tumor. b. reduce the size of the tumor. c. increase the size of the tumor. d. have no effect.

a. prevent further growth of the tumor.

A drug that metabolized acetaldehyde would have which of the following effects? Select one or more: a. reduce effectiveness of disulfiram b. reduce levels of acetaldehyde c. inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase d. inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase e. reduce effectiveness of naltrexone for treating alcohol use disorder

a. reduce effectiveness of disulfiram b. reduce levels of acetaldehyde

Which of the following are ways that opioids produce reinforcing effects through actions on GABA neurotransmission? Select one or more: a. reduce inhibitory effects of GABA in VTA b. reduce inhibitory effects of GABA in nucleus accumbens c. block reuptake of dopamine in nucleus accumbens d. stimulate increased dopamine in striatum

a. reduce inhibitory effects of GABA in VTA b. reduce inhibitory effects of GABA in nucleus accumbens

An atypical antipsychotic drug, which among many other receptor mechanisms serves as antagonist for serotonin and dopamine receptors, would likely... Select one: a. reduced MDMA's hallucinogenic and stimulant effects b. only reduce MDMA's stimulant effects c. only reduce MDMA's hallucinogenic effects d. cause no change to MDMA's effects

a. reduced MDMA's hallucinogenic and stimulant effects

The smallest amount of alcohol consumed in the world is found which region? Select one: a. the Middle East. b. Europe. c. Russian Federation. d. North America.

a. the Middle East.

A individual routinely having an alcohol drink in order to relax after work would be an example of: Select one: a. the tension reduction hypothesis. b. the hypotensive hypothesis c. hormesis. d. the stress disinhibition hypothesis.

a. the tension reduction hypothesis.

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate terms from the chapter. Sara has a glass of wine and then experiences an urge to consume more wine Sara goes out drinking at night rather than sleeping before her early morning shift at work Choosing to watch your favorite show now over studying and getting a good grade later Sara goes out drinking and the next day she remembers some of what happened the previous night but not all of it Sergio remembers that he went to the bar the night before, but remembers nothing of what happened at the bar or how he got home

alcohol priming impulsivity impulsivity fragmentary blackout en bloc blackout

Which of the following statements about cannabadiol is accurate? Select one: appears to increase the euphoria produced by THC appears to increase the unpleasant effects of THC appears to decrease the unpleasant effects of THC appears to increase the hunger-increasing effects of THC

appears to decrease the unpleasant effects of THC

How much alcohol is eliminated from the body per hour? Select one: a. 0 to 4 mL b. 10 to 14 mL c. 100 to 140 ml d. 1.4 to 2.8 mL

b. 10 to 14 mL

Which of the following statements accurately support the assertion that LSD's subjective effects are primarily mediated by 5-HT2A receptors? Select one or more: a. LSD works on 5-HT2A receptors but psilocybin does not b. 5-HT2A receptor antagonists attenuate LSD-lever responding in animals trained to discriminate LSD from vehicle c. 5-HT2A receptors have been implicated in hallucinations in schizophrenia d. The potency of serotonergic hallucinogens to produce hallucinations is correlated with the binding affinity of those compounds at 5-HT2A receptors

b. 5-HT2A receptor antagonists attenuate LSD-lever responding in animals trained to discriminate LSD from vehicle d. The potency of serotonergic hallucinogens to produce hallucinations is correlated with the binding affinity of those compounds at 5-HT2A receptors

Which of the following 5-HT receptors is not associated with LSD's effects ? Select one: a. 5-HT7 b. 5-HT3 c. 5-HT6 d. 5-HT1A

b. 5-HT3

Cannabinoid receptors are Select one: a. ionotropic receptors. b. G-protein coupled receptors. c. monotropic receptors. d. TRK receptors.

b. G-protein coupled receptors.

What effect would a CB1 receptor antagonist cause if administered directly to the thalamus and spinal cord? Select one: a. Reduced hunger. b. Increased pain sensitivity. c. Improved immune system functioning. d. Depression.

b. Increased pain sensitivity.

Monkeys were trained to discriminate 3 mg/kg THC from vehicle and then tested with varying doses of THC and a synthetic cannabinoid called JWH-018. Concerning the figure below, which of the following statements are accurate? a. THC is more potent than JWH-018 at producing THC-like subjective effects b. JWH-018 produces THC-like subjective effects c. JHW-018 is more potent than THC at producing THC-like subjective effects d. JWH-018 failed to produce THC-like subjective effects

b. JWH-018 produces THC-like subjective effects c. JHW-018 is more potent than THC at producing THC-like subjective effects

Why might an opioid with substantial lipid solubility be a preferred recreational substance to an opioid with poor lipid solubility? Select one: a. The poor lipid solubility drug will be metabolized more quickly. b. The poor lipid solubility drug passes more slowly through the blood-brain barrier. c. The poor lipid solubility drug is rapidly eliminated from the body.

b. The poor lipid solubility drug passes more slowly through the blood-brain barrier.

Delta-9-THC has a long elimination rate due to... Select one: a. slow metabolism in the liver. b. accumulation in body fat. c. a slow ability to leave the brain through the blood-brain barrier. d. long occupancy of cannabinoid receptors.

b. accumulation in body fat.

All of the following are features of dimethyltryptamine except Select one: a. agonist for sigma-1 receptors. b. antagonist for NMDA receptors. c. found in certain plants. d. made in the body.

b. antagonist for NMDA receptors.

A carcinogen found in cannabis is... Select one: a. broncodialate. b. benzanthracene. c. benztropine. d. ethylelecene.

b. benzanthracene.

Metabolic processes following the consumption of alcohol that cause a build of acetaldehyde are likely to: Select one: a. produce depressant effects. b. cause noxious affects. c. inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase activity. d. enhance the effects of alcohol.

b. cause noxious affects.

A cannabinoid produced naturally in the body is called a/an Select one: a. anandabinoid. b. endocannabinoid. c. neural-derived cannabinoid. d. pseudocannabinoid.

b. endocannabinoid.

The process of producing alcohol using yeast and some type of starch such as grain or fruit is called: Select one: a. distillation. b. fermentation. c. biotransformation. d. alcohol by volume.

b. fermentation.

A drug that depleted serotonin in the brain would Select one: a. inhibit the effects of LSD. b. have little or no effect on LSD. c. enhance the effects of LSD. d. produce hallucinations like LSD.

b. have little or no effect on LSD.

Opioid agonists acting in the nucleus accumbens increase dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens by: Select one: a. binding to opioid receptors on dopamine axon terminals. b. inhibiting GABA neurons that terminate on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. c. inhibiting opioid neurons which terminate in the ventral tegmental area. d. by inhibiting glutamate neurons which no longer inhibit GABA neurons acting on dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens.

b. inhibiting GABA neurons that terminate on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area.

A fully synthetic compound: Select one: a. is developed through a chemical synthesis process. b. is not derived from a naturally occurring opioid. c. is made in a laboratory. d. can be identical to a naturally occurring opioid but is made entirely in a laboratory.

b. is not derived from a naturally occurring opioid.

An opium-containing drink intended for medical purposes that became popular in 17th-century Europe was called: Select one: a. narcosis. b. laudanum. c. opioid. d. brandy.

b. laudanum.

The term "psychedelic" means... Select one: a. sounds become shapes. b. mind expanding. c. creating new reality. d. colorful reality.

b. mind expanding.

After a night of heavy MDMA usage, which of the following would be expected the next day? Select one or more: a. next day administrations of MDMA would be more effective b. next day administrations of methamphetamine would be less effective c. next day administrations of methamphetamine would be more effective d. next day administrations of MDMA would be less effective

b. next day administrations of methamphetamine would be less effective d. next day administrations of MDMA would be less effective

The primary psychoactive ingredient in magic mushrooms is Select one: a. atropine. b. psilocybin. c. mescaline. d. dimethyltryptamine.

b. psilocybin.

An antipsychotic drug that acts as an antagonist for 5-HT2A receptors and... Select one: a. inhibit the biotransformation of phencyclidine. b. reduce some of the effects of phencyclidine. c. have no effect on phencyclidine. d. enhance some of the effects of phencyclidine.

b. reduce some of the effects of phencyclidine.

Studies find that the risk of schizophrenia is increased among those who... Select one: a. regularly use cannabidiol. b. regularly use cannabis. c. have abnormally high levels of anandamide. d. use synthetic cannabinoid receptor antagonists.

b. regularly use cannabis.

Which of the following would likely block the MDMA-like subjective effects of LSD? Select one: a. dopamine receptor antagonist b. serotonin receptor antagonist c. inhibitor of methamphetamine metabolizing enzymes d. glutamate receptor antagonist

b. serotonin receptor antagonist

Which of the following would occur with alcohol absorption when the stomach is full of food? Select one or more: a. decreased catabolism in stomach b. slower absorption from small intestine c. greater first-pass metabolism d. increased catabolism in stomach

b. slower absorption from small intestine d. increased catabolism in stomach

One of the first measures taken to treat opioid overdose in an emergency room is: Select one: a. to determine whether the opioid was an illegal substance. b. to determine if ventilation support should be given. c. to determine why the patient was using an opioid.

b. to determine if ventilation support should be given.

Which of the following statements are true regarding alcohol's actions at GABAA receptors? Select one or more: bind to the same site as barbiturates bind to a site distinct from that of barbiturates and benzodiazepines bind to the same site as benzopdiazepines Enhance the influx of chloride ions produced by GABA

bind to a site distinct from that of barbiturates and benzodiazepines Enhance the influx of chloride ions produced by GABA

Match the following patterns of drinking with the category to which they belong. Juan (male) does not drink regularly but when he attends social parties he often drinks 6-9 alcoholic drinks. Hazel (female) consumes 1 glass of wine every evening with dinner Hazel (female) consumed 1 glass of wine each evening with dinner except on Sundays and Wednesdays

binge drinking moderate drinking light drinking

Which cannabinoid compound is made naturally in the body? Select one: a. anrachidonic acid. b. cannabinol. c. 2-arachidonoylglycerol. d. endocannabidiol.

c. 2-arachidonoylglycerol.

A person with 34 ml of alcohol in their system would have 0 ml of alcohol within ________ hours. Select one: a. 0-1 hours b. 1-2 hours c. 3-4 hours

c. 3-4 hours

A user is unlikely to feel the effects of LSD soon after administering it... Select one: a. LSD's active metabolite is entirely responsible for LSD's hallucinogenic effects. b. the user needs time to ready her mind for LSD's effects. c. LSD requires 60 minutes for peak absorption after oral administration. d. LSD's physiological effects occur long before its hallucinogenic effects.

c. LSD requires 60 minutes for peak absorption after oral administration.

By serving as a positive modulator for GABAA receptors, alcohol has all of the following actions except: Select one: a. Binds to a site different from the site that GABA binds to. b. Increases the length of GABAA receptor activation. c. Prevents downregulation of GABAA receptors. d. Increase the flow of chloride ions into the neuron.

c. Prevents downregulation of GABAA receptors.

Which of the following statements accurately support the assertion that LSD's subjective effects are primarily mediated by 5-HT2A receptors? Select one or more: a. LSD works on 5-HT2A receptors but psilocybin does not b. 5-HT2A receptors have been implicated in hallucinations in schizophrenia c. The potency of serotonergic hallucinogens to produce hallucinations is correlated with the binding affinity of those compounds at 5-HT2A receptors d. 5-HT2A receptor antagonists attenuate LSD-lever responding in animals trained to discriminate LSD from vehicle

c. The potency of serotonergic hallucinogens to produce hallucinations is correlated with the binding affinity of those compounds at 5-HT2A receptors d. 5-HT2A receptor antagonists attenuate LSD-lever responding in animals trained to discriminate LSD from vehicle

Experiencing a moment of pleasant images that a person remembered from a ... Select one: a. a symptom of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. b. a synesthetic experience. c. a good trip. d. a flashback.

c. a good trip.

Administering a CB1 receptor agonist directly into the cerebellum would likely cause... Select one: a. memory impairment. b. reduced attention. c. a sense of accelerated time. d. increased hunger.

c. a sense of accelerated time.

All of the following are naturally occurring opioids except: Select one: a. morphine. b. thebaine. c. buprenorphine. d. codeine.

c. buprenorphine.

Endocannabinoids bind to... Select one: a. THC receptors. b. anandamide receptors. c. cannabinoid receptors. d. endocannabinoid receptors.

c. cannabinoid receptors.

Which of the following is an opioid drug used as a cough suppressant? Select one: a. somniferum b. hydrocodone c. dextromethorphan d. morphine

c. dextromethorphan

If a user co-administered the drug fenfluramine, a serotonin releaser, with MDMA, the user will likely experience... Select one: a. greater stimulant effects. b. weaker hallucinogenic effects. c. greater hallucinogenic effects. d. weaker stimulant effects.

c. greater hallucinogenic effects.

If a user co-administered the drug d-amphetamine, a dopamine releaser, with MDMA, the user will likely mostly experience... Select one: a. greater hallucinogenic effects. b. weaker stimulant effects. c. greater stimulant effects. d. weaker hallucinogenic effects.

c. greater stimulant effects.

A former routine hallucinogen user who now commonly sees small distortions around the edges of certain objects or seeing a fog in parts of visual field is likely experiencing... Select one: a. pseudo-hallucination disorder. b. a recurrent bad trip. c. hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. d. persistent visual distortion disorder.

c. hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.

Inhibition of the anandamide transporter would be expected to do which of the following? Select one or more: a. not affect levels of 2-AG b. decrease levels of FAAH c. increase synaptic levels of 2-AG d. increase synaptic levels of anandamide

c. increase synaptic levels of 2-AG d. increase synaptic levels of anandamide

An increased seizure risk from repeated withdrawals from chronic alcohol use is called: Select one: a. alcohol poisoning. b. alcohol epilepsy. c. kindling. d. Type I alcohol addiction.

c. kindling.

Cannabis used for treating medical conditions is referred to as... Select one: a. therapeutic cannabis. b. therapeutic hashish. c. medical cannabis. d. liquid incense.

c. medical cannabis.

Historically, the earliest uses of opium consisted of using as a: Select one: a. means to feel euphoria. b. way to spark philospohical discussions. c. medicine. d. way to prepare soldiers for battle.

c. medicine.

Blood alcohol concentration indicates the: Select one: a. proof of an alcoholic beverage consumed. b. percentage of alcohol consumed per unit of time. c. number of grams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood. d. amount of alcohol that has accumulated in a particular organ, such as the liver.

c. number of grams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood.

Leptin may... Select one: a. promote sleep. b. improve immune system functioning. c. reduce feelings of hunger. d. cause reduced metabolism.

c. reduce feelings of hunger.

Opioids produce _____________ effects by activating mu receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Select one: a. extinguishing b. aversive c. reinforcing d. pain-relieving

c. reinforcing

The term blackout is more technically known as: Select one: a. alcohol poisoning. b. divided attention. c. reversible drug-induced dementia. d. alcohol stupor.

c. reversible drug-induced dementia.

Many of the health risks with cannabis use suggests that... Select one: a. endocannabinoids may be an endogenous risk factor for cancer. b. delta-9-THC may cause cancer. c. the vehicle for delta-9-THC can be harmful. d. cannabinoid compounds other than delta-9-THC may increase cancer risk.

c. the vehicle for delta-9-THC can be harmful.

A hallucinogenic experience is called a Select one: a. psychedelic dance. b. experience. c. trip. d. voyage.

c. trip.

Match the dose-effect curves to the different opiate drugs. (most potent to least potent) blue curve: orange curve: gray curve:

carfentanyl fentanyl heroin

Which of the following is considered moderate drinking for men? Select one: a. up to 6 drinks per day, but no more that 14 drinks per week. b. 1 standard drink per day, but not exceeding 7 drinks per week. c. more than 2 standard drinks per day and up to 20 drinks per week. d. 2 standard drinks per day, but not exceeding 14 drinks per week.

d. 2 standard drinks per day, but not exceeding 14 drinks per week.

A user of MDMA happens to be on an anxiolytic drug that is catabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme. How will this impact MDMA's effects ? Select one: a. Effects will be completely blocked b. Effects will not change c. Effects will be shorter d. Effects will last longer

d. Effects will last longer

Which of the following would be a reasonable drug to give for treating seizures due to alcohol withdrawal? Select one: a. GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator b. GABAA receptor antagonist c. NMDA receptor agonist d. NMDA receptor antagonist

d. NMDA receptor antagonist

What affect on reinforcing effects will the combination of an opioid agonist with an opioid antagonist have? Select one: a. There will be no competing effects since they act on different receptors. b. The antagonist will produce pain, thereby precluding someone from enjoying the reinforcing effects produced by the agonist. c. The antagonist will enhance the reinforcing effects of the agonist. d. The antagonist will reduce the reinforcing effects of the agonist.

d. The antagonist will reduce the reinforcing effects of the agonist.

The pharmacological effects of opium are derived from: Select one: a. morphine and desomorphine. b. heroin and its active metabolite morphine. c. codeine and a minor contribution from thebaine. d. a combination of morphine, codeine, and thebaine.

d. a combination of morphine, codeine, and thebaine.

Alcohol may affect the endocannabinoid system by: Select one: a. limiting tetrahydrocannabinol absorption through the intestines. b. acting on the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. c. having direct actions on tetrahydrocannabinol. d. acting on the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.

d. acting on the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.

The primary pharmacological action of salvinorin A is Select one: a. an agonist for 5-HT2A receptors. b. an antagonist for NMDA receptors. c. an antagonist for muscarinic receptors. d. an agonist for kappa opioid receptors.

d. an agonist for kappa opioid receptors.

A pure opioid receptor antagonist: Select one: a. cannot counteract an agonist for opioid receptors. b. binds to all opioid receptors but only fails to activate one type of opioid receptor. c. is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. d. binds to but does not activate opioid receptors.

d. binds to but does not activate opioid receptors.

A process that separates alcohol from a fermented mixture in order to provide a concentrated alcohol solution is called: Select one: a. osmosis. b. filtration. c. fermentation. d. distillation.

d. distillation.

Which of the following would likely block the methamphetamine-like subjective effects of MDMA? Select one: a. serotonin receptor antagonist b. glutamate receptor antagonist c. inhibitor of methamphetamine metabolizing enzymes d. dopamine receptor antagonist

d. dopamine receptor antagonist

Beverage alcohol is: Select one: a. methanol. b. isopranol. c. ethylene. d. ethanol.

d. ethanol.

Beer and wine are made through the process of: Select one: a. titration. b. distillation. c. perculation. d. fermentation.

d. fermentation.

A neurotransmitter that is involved in the reinforcing effects of opioid agonists is: Select one: a. substance P. b. neurotensin. c. serotonin. d. glutamate.

d. glutamate.

MDMAs effects on monoamine neurotransmission at a low dose consists of Select one: a. greater dopamine release than serotonin release. b. no effects on dopamine or serotonin release. c. reduced dopamine and serotonin release. d. greater serotonin release than dopamine release.

d. greater serotonin release than dopamine release.

Reduced concentrations of endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus are associated with... Select one: a. thirst. b. reward. c. fever. d. hunger.

d. hunger.

Alcohol's indirect inhibition of vasopressin may lead to the following effects except: Select one: a. impaired cognition. b. lower blood pressure. c. increased urination. d. increased body temperature.

d. increased body temperature.

Tolerance to the following effects occurs from regular cannabis use except... Select one: a. accelerate time passage. b. memory impairment. c. motor coordination. d. increased heart rate.

d. increased heart rate.

The activation of opioid receptors on a neuron: Select one: a. increase neuronal activity. b. stabilize a high rate of action potentials. c. stop sodium-potassium pump activity. d. inhibit neuronal activity.

d. inhibit neuronal activity.

The effectiveness of cannabis for certain autoimmune diseases may be due to Select one: a. reduction of inflammation. b. effects that THC has on microglial cells. c. lowering of nausea. d. inhibition of immune system functioning.

d. inhibition of immune system functioning.

By inhibiting NMDA receptors, phencyclidine Select one: a. increases pain. b. produces cataplexy. c. produces anxiety. d. inhibits memory.

d. inhibits memory.

For a rapid speed of onset, users prefer to administer an opioid drug: Select one: a. intravenously and intramuscularly. b. subcutaneously and intravenously. c. sublingually and by inhalation. d. intravenously and by inhalation.

d. intravenously and by inhalation.

Beneficial effects for cardiovasular function from alcohol are found from: Select one: a. moderate alcohol concentrations. b. moderate alchol concentrations, but no more than three days per week. c. heavy alcohol concentrations. d. low alcohol concentrations.

d. low alcohol concentrations.

In the U.S., due to the Drug Addiction Treatment act, specialized clinics are needed for prescribing: Select one: a. methamphetamine. b. buprenorphine. c. heroin. d. methadone.

d. methadone.

During long-term detoxification therapy for opioid addiction, withdrawal effects tend to be relatively: Select one: a. severe, requiring treatment. b. moderate, requiring treatment. c. severe, requiring anesthesia. d. mild.

d. mild.

Opioids constrict pupils at analgesic doses, an effect called: Select one: a. intraocular pressure. b. hypertension. c. dilation. d. miosis.

d. miosis.

The plant Papaver somniferum contains: Select one: a. synthetic heroin. b. cannabinols. c. dextromethorphan. d. naturally occurring opioids.

d. naturally occurring opioids.

Endogenous opioids are: Select one: a. neural growth factors. b. enzymes. c. proteins. d. neuropeptides.

d. neuropeptides.

LSD may be added to a postage stamped and licked because Select one: a. saliva from the tongue is neccesary to help slowly absorb the drug. b. the glue from the stamp improves absorption in the mouth. c. users can easily hide the drug, which is an illicit substance. d. only very small amounts are needed to produce effects.

d. only very small amounts are needed to produce effects.

Opioids action on __________ receptors in the body. Select one: a. serotonin b. dopamine c. melatonin d. opioid

d. opioid

The time an absorbed opioid drug takes to enter the brain is affected by: Select one: a. the affinity of the drug for opioid receptors. b. the formulation of the drug used. c. whether or not the drug is synthetic or semisynthetic. d. passage through the blood-brain barrier.

d. passage through the blood-brain barrier.

Cannabinoids derived from cannabis plants are called Select one: a. endocannabinoids. b. trichobinoids. c. ethnocannabinoids. d. phytocannabinoids.

d. phytocannabinoids.

The initial phase of an opioid agonist's positive subjective effects is called a: Select one: a. high. b. euphoria. c. nod. d. rush.

d. rush.

All the following are reasons that the effects of MDMA may be different in a party setting than a laboratory setting except Select one: a. an Ecstasy tablet may not contain MDMA. b. users often take other substances in addition to Ecstasy. c. a user may be on psychoactive medications. d. the chemical structure of MDMA will be different for clandestinely synthesized MDMA.

d. the chemical structure of MDMA will be different for clandestinely synthesized MDMA.

A perception of images or sounds that are not real is a Select one: a. quasi-hallucination. b. real hallucination. c. pseudo-hallucination. d. true hallucination.

d. true hallucination.

Administering an opioid receptor antagonist for an opioid-addicted user is likely to cause: Select one: a. no effects. b. reinforcing effects. c. antidepresant effects. d. withdrawal effects.

d. withdrawal effects.