Psychopharmacology Quiz 7 (Psychotic Disorders and Antipsychotics)

The percent of the world's population suffering from schizophrenia is:

1 percent.

The remarkable decline in the number of schizophrenic patients forced to reside in mental hospitals began during the:

1950s.

Tardive dyskinesia occurs in roughly ________ of patients and is ________.

20 percent; often irreversible

The atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone, unlike clozapine, stimulates:

5-HT1A receptors.

Haldol and Clozaril are examples of a ________ and ________, respectively.

FGA; SGA

Increases in symptoms of psychosis and Parkinson-like movement disorders are both related to increased blockade of dopamine receptors.

False

It is now understood that all second-generation antipsychotics produce better outcomes than first-generation antipsychotics.

False

SGAs are considered "traditional" antipsychotic agents.

False

SGAs are less effective than FGAs in augmenting antidepressant drug treatment.

False

Schizophrenia is not associated with physical abnormalities in brain structure.

False

Stimulation of NMDA receptors results in schizophrenic-like behaviors.

False

Studies suggest that the NMDA receptor may be supersensitive/hyperfunctional in schizophrenia.

False

The atypical antipsychotic clozapine relieves negative but not positive symptoms.

False

The traditional antipsychotic drugs primarily activate dopamine-2 receptors.

False

There is a strong association between violent crime and schizophrenia.

False

Blockade of the following receptor type produces schizophrenia-like behaviors:

NMDA.

The classical antipsychotic drugs produce side effects resembling:

Parkinson's disease.

At therapeutic doses, clozapine has greater actions on serotonin receptors than dopamine receptors.

True

Blockade of serotonin receptors may be beneficial in antipsychotic efficacy.

True

Clozapine (Clozaril) is an example of a first-generation neuroleptic.

True

Injectable, long-acting forms of Risperdone and its metabolite have been approved for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, respectively.

True

Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia may be irreversible.

True

One hallmark of an atypical antipsychotic is the near absence of extrapyramidal side effects.

True

The first-generation antipsychotics are most effective against the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

True

There is a strong correlation between dopamine-2 receptor blockade and antipsychotic efficacy.

True

There is a strong correlation between dopamine-2 receptor blockade and extrapyramidal side effects.

True

Schizophrenia is best described as:

a disease of neural connectivity.

The syndrome of agitation, constant pacing and rocking back and forth produced by acute treatment with neuroleptic agents, is called:

akathisia.

Clozapine is an example of a(n) ________; compared to FGAs, it has greater effect at the ________ receptor.

atypical antipsychotic; serotonin

The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine is also approved for the treatment of:

bipolar disorder.

Haloperidol's mechanism of action is:

blockade of dopamine-2 receptors.

The traditional view of antipsychotic drug activity involves:

blockade of dopamine-2 receptors.

Agranulocytosis (loss of white blood cells) has been associated with use of the antipsychotic drug:

clozapine.

The only antipsychotic effective in treating so-called "treatment-resistant" schizophrenics is:

clozapine.

The antipsychotic Abilify has been approved as an adjunctive treatment for:

depression.

The single best predictor of antipsychotic efficacy in a drug is an affinity for ________ receptors.

dopamine-2

The third-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole is unique in that it acts, in part, as a:

dopamine-2 partial agonist.

Blockade of ________ receptors is associated with extrapyramidal side effects of classical antipsychotic drugs; blockade of ________ receptors is associated with the efficacy of classical antipsychotic drugs.

dopamine-2; dopamine-2

Clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics affect both _________ and ________ receptors.

dopamine; serotonin

The bizarre postures of the limbs, face, and tongue produced by acute treatment with neuroleptic agents are called:

dystonia.

The acute extrapyramidal side effect(s) of neuroleptic drugs is(are):

dystonia. parkinsonism. akathisia. Answer: All of the answers are correct.

The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia:

encompass the entire range of human mental activity.

Haloperidol (Haldol) is an example of a(n) ________ drug.

first-generation neuroleptic

Phenothiazines are in the class of antipsychotics known as:

first-generation neuroleptics.

In addition to dopamine receptors, the atypical antipsychotics also affect the following receptor(s):

histamine. serotonin. norepinephrine. Answers: All of the answers are correct.

Compared to the FGAs, the atypical antipsychotics have:

less affinity for D2 receptors.

The distinguishing characteristic between "neuroleptic" antipsychotics and "atypical" antipsychotics is:

neuroleptics produce marked extrapyramidal side effects; atypical antipsychotics don't.

The major side effect of the classic antipsychotics suggest that schizophrenia results from:

over-activity of the dopaminergic system.

Long-term treatment with the phenothiazines produces:

physical dependence. psychological dependence. tolerance. Answer: None of the answers are correct.

The symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as:

positive symptoms and negative symptoms.

The most serious form of movement disorder produced by neuroleptic agents is:

tardive dyskinesia.

The results of the CATIE and CUtLASS studies suggest that, compared to FGAs:

the SGAs are equally effective but more expensive.