PT II: Therapeutic Exercise Chapter 6 Quiz Questions

Of the following, which is the most effective way to improve muscle endurance?

B) Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods

Plyometric training drills are an example of an intervention to develop primarily which of the following?

B) Power

To selectively strengthen the flexor digitorum superficialis using manual resistance exercise, position the patient's forearm in supination and wrist in neutral on a table; then:

B) Stabilize the MCP and DIP joints in neutral, then apply resistance to the middle phalanx as the patient flexes the PIP joint

A patient doing hip abduction exercise with a cuff weight in the supine position is primarily applying a resistance force to which of the following muscle groups?

C) Hip flexors

Each of the following exercises could be considered closed-chain work of the lower extremities except:

C) Seated long arc quads

Which of the following best describes contralateral or cross-exercise, a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training?

C) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body

Which of the following best defines muscle strength?

D) Force generated during a single maximum effort

In terms of exercise order, if you are doing a strength program to the lower extremities, which muscle group should be exercised first?

D) Hip extensors

Each of the following is a true statement about isokinetic exercise except:

A) Current technology provides resistance only to concentric muscle contractions

Your goal is to improve lower extremity proprioception, balance, and strength. Which of the following closed-chain exercises is the most challenging?

A) Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance

An ideal ISOM muscle contraction should be held for how long?

B) 6 seconds

Which of the following is true regarding isokinetic exercise?

B) Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion

Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise?

C) Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone

The PNF pattern of the upper extremity that ends with the shoulder in flexion, adduction, and external rotation is:

A) D1 flexion

You are coaching a patient doing resistance exercises to avoid a Valsalva maneuver. Any of the following are good strategies except:

B) Have patient inhale with each resisted effort

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms. You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position. This technique is known as:

B) Rhythmic stabilization

You are asked to develop a home exercise program aimed at improving strength of a particular muscle group. You set your parameters using which of the following?

C) High load, low repetitions

Within 1 week of beginning resistance exercise of the shoulder external rotators as a component of a rehabilitation program after a shoulder injury, your patient, Mr. K., is able to increase the level of resistance by using a heavier grade of elastic tubing. This improvement in muscle performance is due primarily to which of the following adaptive changes?

A) Increased recruitment of motor units

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension. Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise?

B) High-effort isometric exercise

You are trying to decide if it is time to increase resistance while strength training your patient. Current recommendations are to increase if they can do which of the following volumes without fatigue?

C) 6-12 repetitions, 2-3 sets

In addition to an isokinetic dynamometer, which of the following types of resistance equipment can be used safely and effectively to improve muscle strength at fast velocities of limb movement?

C) Variable resistance equipment that employs pneumatic or hydraulic resistance

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D1 extension pattern (PNF), the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the:

D) Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors

When putting together effective dosage for exercise, you must consider all of the following except:

D) Position

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern, specifically the D2 flexion pattern for the upper extremity. As the patient flexes his shoulder and brings his arm overhead against your resistance, what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened?

A) Abductors and external rotators

Each of the following is a true statement about muscle strength and resistance training through the life-span except:

A) Although muscle strength tends to gradually decrease in middle-age and older adults, weight training has been shown to be ineffective (does not lead to adaptive strength gains or functional improvement) after the seventh decade of life

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance, have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat. Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and:

A) Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantarflexes and inverts the ankle and foot

You are having a patient throw and catch a weighted ball in a stretch-shortening drill. Which of the following is a true statement about this type of training? The most appropriate way to progress this drill is to:

A) Decrease the amoritization phase before increasing the weight of the ball

a patient, who has an inflammatory muscle disease such as polymyositis engages in a vigorous resistance training program, it is possible that progressive deterioration, rather than improvement, in muscle strength that is irreversible can occur. The term that best describes this phenomenon is:

A) Overwork weakness

Mrs. B. is an 87-year-old resident of Western Hills Skilled Nursing Facility. She sustained a compression fracture of the T12 vertebra several weeks ago when she inadvertently sat down forcefully on a hard chair. Incorporating resistance training that focuses on eccentric exercises of her quadriceps and gluteal muscles in weight-bearing positions (e.g., controlled squatting and partial lunges) represents what principle of therapeutic exercise?

A) Specificity of training

To improve upper extremity strength, stability, and proprioception, during which of the following variations of push-ups does body weight provide the greatest resistance?

B) Bilateral push-ups while in a fully prone position on the floor with weight on the hands and toes

Mr. Z is a 68-year-old gentleman who underwent abdominal surgery 3 months ago. Since his surgery he has had difficulty walking. You determine that during the period of bed rest and modified activity his legs have become quite weak, contributing to his difficulty walking. The ROM of his lower extremities is within normal limits. You determine that the 10 RM for the hip extensors and quadriceps bilaterally (measured on a bilateral leg press unit) is only 20 lb. After a brief warm-up on a stationary bicycle, you have Mr. Z. perform the following PRE regimen: 10 repetitions of hip and knee extension against 20 lb; 10 repetitions against 15 lb; and 10 repetitions against 10 lb with a rest between each set of 10 repetitions. This approach to PRE is known as:

B) Oxford regimen

Each of the following is an indication that muscle fatigue is occurring when a patient is exercising against resistance except:

B) Temporary loss of sensation in the exercising muscles

If a patient, who is in a prone-lying position with a cuff weight around his ankle, flexes his knee from a fully extended (0°) position to a fully flexed (150°) position, what type(s) of contraction will occur in which muscle group(s)?

B) The knee flexors contract concentrically from 0° to 90°, and the knee extensors contract eccentrically from 90° to 150° of flexion

When an exercise involves using the same muscle group to lift and lower a constant load, such as flexing and extending the elbow while standing and holding a weight, which of the following is correct about the effect of this exercise on the tension generated by the musculature?

B) When the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction), fewer motor units are recruited, and thus less tension is generated, than when the weight is lifted (controlled by a concentric contraction)

Which of the following is a contraindication to implementing resistance exercise?

C) Acute pain or inflammation

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise of the lower extremity using a PNF diagonal pattern. In which of the following lower extremity patterns is ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion resisted?

C) D2 flexion

Following surgery and 8 weeks of rehabilitation for carpal tunnel syndrome, you notice that the patient's thenar eminence is almost the same size as that of the uninvolved hand. This change is due to which of the following adaptive changes?

C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers

If the strength of a muscle is "good" (grade 4/5) and active ROM cannot be done, repetitive setting exercises will accomplish each of the following except:

C) Increase the strength in the muscle

A patient has mild joint swelling and pain during active ROM, but resisted tests of the muscles that cross the swollen joints do not cause pain. Your goal is to maintain or possibly increase strength through the available ROM. The most appropriate choice of exercise is:

C) Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance

Research has shown that the most effective way to relieve the symptoms of DOMS once it has developed is to:

C) Perform gentle active exercises for a few minutes before starting to exercise again

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5. The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid. Of the exercises described, which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program?

C) Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat. As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance.

our patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance. The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to:

C) Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back

It has been shown that after resistance exercise to exhaustion, recovery from exercise (recovery from fatigue) occurs most efficiently if:

C) The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle

Submaximal exercise loads are recommended for each of the following patients except:

D) 40-year-old client who wants a conditioning program

Which of the following is true regarding closed-chain exercise?

D) Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise

A patient is holding a piece of elastic tubing with both hands in front of his body. Both elbows are flexed to 90°, and both upper arms are held gently against the sides of the patient's chest. You instruct the patient to internally and externally rotate both shoulders simultaneously in this position. This activity strengthens the:

D) External rotators concentrically and eccentrically

Each of the following is characteristic of delayed-onset muscle soreness except:

D) Is believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm

Of the following, which is the best definition of an "8 RM"?

D) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less).

Which of the following forms of resistance training is most appropriate for a 9-year-old child with weakness of the elbow musculature as the result of an elbow sprain, followed by several weeks of elbow immobilization combined with daily active (nonresisted) ROM?

D) Underhand bilateral toss of a weighted ball

Examples of plyometric activities for the upper extremities could include any of the following except:

A) Wall push-ups

Which of the following is a correct description of plyometric exercise?

B) Quick, forceful eccentric muscle contraction against resistance, rapidly followed by a resisted concentric muscle contraction

The principle of resistance training that suggests that adaptive changes are transient unless a person participates in a maintenance program is which of the following?

B) Reversibility principle

Which components of a resistance exercise program should be modified (manipulated) during the program to produce training-induced improvement in muscle endurance?

C) Load and repetitions

A condition characterized by progressive deterioration of strength in muscles already weakened by a nonprogressive neuromuscular disease is called:

C) Overwork

The type of resistance exercise best suited to prevent reinjury is:

D) Eccentric