PTA 130 Kinesiology Chapter 19 Knee Joint ( Terms only , review questions not done yet)

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

A common problem causing diffuse anterior knee pain. Generally considered the result of a variety of misalignment factors.

terrible triad

A knee injury caused by a single blow to the knee and involves tears to the anterior cruciate ligament, the medial collateral ligament, and the medial meniscus.

chondromalacia patella

A softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella.

Lateral collateral ligament

All of the following structures attach to the patella except: *iliotibial band *lateral collateral ligament *patellar ligament *quadriceps tendon

genu varum

Also known as "bowlegs", a malalignment in which the distal segments ar positioned more medially than normal.

Popliteal cyst

Also known as a Bakers cyst, is not a cyst at all. It's actually a synovial hernia or bursitis involving the posterior aspect of the knee.

genu valgum

Also known as knock knees, a malalignment of the lower extremity in which the distal segments are positioned more laterally than normal.

miserable malalignment syndrome

An alignment problem of the lower extremity involving increased anteversion of the femoral head.

anterior, external

An individual has difficulty achieving terminal knee extension. To facilitate this motion, one should glide the tibia _______ with slight _______ rotation.

????? page 331 -- Do we need to know all of the different bursae of the knee????

????? page 331 -- Do we need to know all of the different bursae of the knee????

extend

Anterior muscles _____ the knee.

posterior, increases

As a person goes into a deep squat, the line of gravity moves (posterior or anterior) to the knee and the flexion moment of the knee (increases or decreases).

Is not

Because rotation is not an independent motion it (is or is not) considered to be a knee motion.

posterior

In closed kinetic chain, the anterior cruciate ligament prevents _______ translation of the femur on the tibia.

laterally

In non-weight bearing extension (open-chain action) of the knee, the tibia rotates _________ on the femur, which locks the knee into extension.

Prepetaller bursitis

Inflamation of the bursae as a result of constant pressure between the skin and the knee. (common in carpet layers)

O-Shaped

Knee menisci are important for shock absorption, The lateral meniscus is ( C-shaped, or O-shaped).

C-Shaped

Knee menisci are important for shock absorption, The medial meniscus is ( C-shaped, or O-shaped).

Knee flexed 25 degrees and leg muscles relaxed

The open packed position of the patellofemoral joint is.

medial and lateral condyles of the femur

The origin of the gastrocnemius muscle is the ______ ______ _____ ______ ____ ___ ________.

lateral condyle of the femur

The origin of the popliteus muscle is the ________ ______ of the ________

Convex

The osteology of the knee involves movement of the (concave or convex) femur.

Concave

The osteology of the knee involves movement of the (concave or convex) tibia.

Q angle

The patellofemoral angle, also known as the ___ ______, is the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon.

true

The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur. ( true or false)

friction, 13

The purpose of bursae are to reduce ______. There are aprox ____ of them in the knee.

mechanical advantage

The purpose of the patella is to increase the _______ _______ of the quadriceps and protect the knee joint.

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles.

The three muscles of the hamstrings that flex the knee are:

popliteal space

This is the portion behind the knee that contains nerves and blood vessels.

lateral collateral ligaments

This ligament provides lateral stability and prevents excessive motion.

posterior cruciate ligament

This ligament that runs from the posterior tibia to the anterior femur.

gastrocnemius

This posterior muscle plays a strong roll in plantar flexion and knee flexion and forms a common achilles tendon with the soleus muscle.

Pes anserine

latin for "goose foot" Is the muscle group that is made up of the sartorius, gracilis and the semitendinosus.

Patellar tendonitis

"Jumper's knee" tenderness at the patellar tendon as a result from overloading associated with jumping.

femur

For full flexion, the knee must be "unlocked" by laterally rotating the _____ on the tibia.

Medial tibial condyle

Name this prominence of the tibia that is part of the knee joint.

intercondylar eminence

Name this prominence of the tibia that is part of the knee joint.

lateral tibial condyle

Name this prominence of the tibia that is part of the knee joint.

tibial plateau

Name this prominence of the tibia that is part of the knee joint.

tibial tuberosity

Name this prominence of the tibia that is part of the knee joint.

Lateral femoral condyle

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

Medial femoral condyle

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

Patella

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

lateral epicondyl

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

linea aspera

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

medial epicondyle

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

patellar surface

Name this prominence that is part of the knee joint.

Anterior Cruciate ligament

Of the two cruciate ligaments the _____ _____ ____ is the one more commonly injured.

flex

Posterior muscles ____ the knee.

Tibial nerve

The nerve that innervates the popliteus muscle is the _____ ______

patellar ligament

The "Q-Angle" of the knee is the angle formed by the quadriceps tendon and the ____ _____.

posterior calcaneus

The insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle is the ______ ______

posterior medial condyle of tibia

The insertion of the popliteus muscle is the ________ _________ _____ ____ ________.

popliteus muscle

The one joint muscle located behind the knee. It creates that rotational pull needed to unlock the knee as it initiates flexion.

tibia nerve

The ______ ____ innervates the two flexors on the distal portion of the leg, the popliteus and gastrocnemius muscles.

sciatic nerve

The _______ _____ innervates the hamstring group.

Femoral nerve

The ________ _______ innervate the quadriceps muscle group.

flexion, plantar

The action of the gastrocnemius muscle is knee _____ and ankle _______ flexion.

knee flexion

The action of the popliteus muscle is the initiation of ______ _______. Specifically it creates the rotational pull needed to unlock the knee.

sagittal

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments prevent excess ______ plane motion.

glide , roll , spin

The arthrokinematic motions that occur during knee flexion and extension is:

patellofemoral joint

The articulation between the femur and the patella.

fibula

The bone of the lower leg that is not part of the knee joint is the :

deep infrapatellar

The bursa found between the tibial tuberosity and the patellar tendon is:

sagittal

The cruciate ligaments provide stability in the ____ plane and prevents excessive hyperextension.

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis,vastus intermedialis

The four muscles that span the knee anteriorly and extend the knee are:

Patella, extension, flexion

The iliotibial band attaches to the lateral border of the _______, contributes to knee _______ when the knee is flexed less than 30°, and contributes to knee _______ when the knee is flexed more than 30°.

ligaments and muscles

The knee is held together by ______ and ______.

false

The knee is held together by its bony structures (true or false).

genu valgus

The larger medial condyle of the femur results in an angle at the knee known as.

anterior cruciate ligament

The ligament of the knee that runs from the anterior tibia to the posterior femur.

medial collateral ligaments

The ligament that provides medial stability and provides excessive motion.

screw home motion

The mechanism of locking the knees which allows a person to stand for a long time without using muscles is referred to as:

menisci

The medial and lateral _______ are two half moon wedge-shaped fibrocartilage discs designed to absorb shock.

is not

The meniscofemoral ligaments ( is nor is not) thicker than the posterior cruciate ligament.

is

The meniscus (is or is not) innervated.

vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis

The muscle group that generates the most torque at the knee is:

tibial nerve, (S1, S2)

The nerve that innervates the gastrocnemius is the _______ ______ (S__, S2)

All of the above

Which of the following is a function of the medial and lateral menisci of the knee? A. Shock absorption B. Deepen the concavity of the tibia C. Increase congruency between femur and tibia D. Serve as attachment for knee ligaments E. All of the above

Vastus medialis

Which of the following muscles is not biarticulate? *Biceps Femoris *Gastrocnemius *Sartorius *Vastus Medialis

firm

With knee extension, the end feel is ______ due to tension of the joint capsule and ligaments.

soft

With knee flexion, the end feel is ______.

Lateral, medial

With respect to the location of the "hamstring" muscles, the biceps femoris is (Lateral or medial), and the semimembranosus/tendinosis is (Lateral or medial).

is not

With the knee flexed, manual glide of the patella side to side (Is or is not) possible.