Public Health
in addition to evidence (theory and research) which of the following factors influence decision-making in clinical practice
1. Physician's experience and judgment 2. Patient's preferences and values 3. Clinical or patient's circumstances
Which statement explains how nutrient-rich runoff can cause waters to become so hypoxic as to lead to major fish kills
Algae and cyanobacteria flourish on the nutrients in the runoff. Heterotrophic microbes then flourish on the organic molecules produced by these organisms, using oxygen in the process and leading to a hypoxic state in the area. Larger animals cannot survive in the hypoxic area.
which of the following human diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans by consuming contaminated milk
Brucellosis and tuberculosis
Which federal agency is responsible for approval of new drugs and cosmetics to be proven safe and to be sold in the market
FDA
which agency regulates bottled water
FDA
If you're exposed to blood or other bodily fluids during an accident which of the following should you do first
Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin with water
which pollutant increases the salinity and acidity of water possibly rendering it toxic
Inorganic chemical and minerals
a toxin common to all gram-negative bacteria is
Lipid A
which of the following microorgansims associated with food poisoning thrives in cold storage
Listeria monocytogenes
which government agency sets the standards for reducing the possibility of exposure to blood and OPIMs in the workplace
OSHA
which of the following is an example of a stimulate
Prescription drugs, methamphetamine, cocaine, and methcathinone.
which of the following organisms can grow at a lower water activity than most spoilage bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
in the hierarchy of evidence, which is often presented as a pyramid, what form of paper is seen at the top of the pyramid, indicating that it has the highest level of rigor
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
which amendment of Protocol of the Clean Air Act specifically addresses phasing out the production of CFC's that has the greatest impact on stratospheric ozone
The 1999 Protocols on acidification abatement, eutrophication and ground-level ozone
Why is ALUM added to water during the sedimentation phase of municipal water purification
To cause flocculation of organic material which will then settle out of the water prior to filtration.
what is a forest plot
Use of statistical techniques in a systematic review to integrate the results of included studies to determine the overall outcome, usually based on effect size
MADD, AA and SADD are examples of
Volunteer Health Organizations
the bottle of water you purchased at the grocery is labeled "purified water" what does that mean as to the source of the water
Water with this label is treated with a process such as distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis. Because these processes reduce TDS content, the water is said to be purified
What is the Healthy People 2020 Synar Amendment
a federal law that requires states to set the minimum legal age for purchasing tobacco products at 18 years and requires states to enforce this law
which of the following best describes high BOD
a high organic load that will require more oxygen to stabilize the material
Limiting the activity of microbes in the food can be accomplished by
a) pasteurization. b) cold storage. c) lowering the pH. d) growth inhibiting substances.
how do you calculate the incidence risk in total population
a+c / a+b+c+d
what is the number one drug problem in the United States
alcohol
bacterial contaminants grow in food in a closed container. the food is heated after the container is opened but a person develops food poisoning after eating it. the bacteria were producing
an exotoxin
which of the following are primary decomposers of dead organic matter
bacteria and fungi
which classification describes the organisms found living around deep ocean hydrothermal vents and deep ocean seeps
benthos
which pollutant listed below is not one of the six criteria pollutants monitored by the EPA
carbon dioxide
The leading cause of death in the United States is
cardiovascular disease
Which of the following do most US cities use in municipal water purification facilities to kill residual microorganisms prior to releasing the drinking water to the community
chlorine
from our discussion in class based on mandated "water quality reports" for municipal water supplies, which of the items listed reacts with organic solids to form TTHMs
chlorine
where do you find the greatest concentrations of marine microorganisms
coastal shorelines
Which test is used to determine if water is safe to drink (potability of water)
coli test
Which of the following describes nitrogen fixation
converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
on which of the following foods can staphylococcus aureus multiply with little competition
cured meats such as ham
diseases that are due mostly to environmental changes, increased population densities, and pollution that result from modernization in third world nations are referred to as
diseases of development
Sugar and salt act as preservatives by
drawing water out of food.
The role that an organism plays in its environment is called its
ecological niche
in case of COVID19, when health care professionals say flatten the curve, what does that mean
ensure that the demand for health care does not exceed the supply
the study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease in a population is
epidemiology
which of the following is currently considered the key pollution indicator microorganism when testing municipal water supplies and wastewater treatment effluent
escherichia coli
which of the following is not considered an extrinsic factor for food spoilage
ethanol content
a contaminated inanimate object that transfers infectious agents to humans in known as
fomites
which of the following organisms may grow at pH 3.5
fungi and lactic acid bacteria
health problems, issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions is defined as
global health
of the water treatment technologies, which one is the most commonly encountered home water filter in use today
granulated activated carbon filters
as a healthcare provider, which of the following you will need to report to your local health department
infectious diseases, communicable diseases, stds, certain crimes (rape, domestic abuse, elder abuse etc.)
which of the following is NOT part of the production of wine
malting
The most abused illicit drug in the United States is:
marijuana
the primary reason for corporate america's interest in community health is
minimize the cost of health care
dust, pollen and spores, volcanic eruptions are what types of pollutants
natural pollutants
the activity of microbes during fermentation can perform all of the following functions EXCEPT
neutralizes toxins
Landfills are often used to dispose of which category of wastes
nonhazardous or household waste
water pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water is
nonpoint source pollution
Nutrient poor waters are described as being
oligotrophic
what two pollutants must be present to form ozone
oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds
in 2012, a new kind of fungal meningitis was discovered. disease occurred among patients who had received steroid injections in the spine. what kind of portal of entry was this
parenteral
which of the following cannot go into a composting bin
plastic
in the united states, the leading type of unintentional injury death is due to
poisonings
which phase of MPN water testing is checking specifically for fecal coliform bacteria
presumptive phase
Which phase of water treatment is predominately physical in nature
primary treatment
actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur defines
public health
overall wastewater treatment is designed to
reduce organic wastes, inorganic biochemical nutrients and pathogen bacteria
you have a patient with chickenpox infection in your clinic, what is your responsibility as a healthcare provider
report it..?
which home drinking water treatment technology is rated "aggressive" by the EA because it removes naturally occurring minerals found in water
reverse osmosis
the fungus aspergillus oryzae is onvolved in the production of
soy sauce
food that is altered resulting in undesirable consequences is called
spoilage
which of the following is not a lactic acid bacterium used in the production of food
staphylococcus
which of the following best describes mineralization
the conversion of complex organic compounds into inorganic compounds
the place where the most unintentional injuries is
the home
bottles water sold as "spring water" must meet which criteria listed below by the regulatory agency
the water must be collected only at the spring or through a borehole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring
which group of organisms works best for backyard composting
thermophilic bacteria
bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted:
transfusion of infected blood or blood products, across placenta from mom to infant, through unprotected sex.
Any behavior that would increase the probability of an injury occurring is an:
unsafe act
which of the following is considered an intrinsic factor for food spoilage
water content
