Public Health
Obesity diminishes a person's life expectancy by about ______ years
10-20
Men with ______ body fat are considered obese
25%
How often and how long should a person participate in moderate cardiorespiratory endurance exercise?
3 to 5 days a week
Essential fat comprises ______% of men's body weight
3-5%
The NHANES recommends weight loss surgery only for patients with a BMI of ______ or more.
40
A reasonable level of weight loss over 6 months for someone who is obese would be ______% of body weight
5-10%
The Federal Trade Commission reports that ______ of ads for weight loss products make false claims
50%
Essential fat comprises ______% of women's body weight
8%
Women with less than ______% body fat are considered underweight
8-12%
A product labeled as "organic" must contain ______ organic ingredients.
95%
Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
ACSM
American College of Sports Medicine
Which of the following statements most closely represents the main idea of the transtheoretical model of behavior change?
As you change your behavior, you move through distinct stages of action
What is a true statement about athletic performance and sleep?
Athletic performance can be improved by getting an adequate amount of sleep
_________ change is a lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy lifestyle habits and working to overcome unhealthy ones.
Behavior
What are the effects of not challenging a body physically?
Bones lose their density, joints stiffen, and muscles become weak.
Which of the following statements is true about fiber in the human digestive system?
Fiber facilitates elimination of waste from the intestines.
Using the SMART criteria, how might you set a goal to increase physical activity if you are currently out of shape?
For the first week, walk briskly for 20 minutes every day
Which of the following are the three healthy eating patterned highlighted in the Dietary Guidelines?
Healthy Vegetarian Pattern Healthy U.S.-Style Pattern Healthy Mediterranean-Style Pattern
Which of the following statements about food irradiation are true?
It has been endorsed by such organizations as the American Medical Association and the World Health Organization. Consumers are at least initially skeptical and resistant to irradiated foods.
Which of the following statements is true about relapses as people move through the stages of change of the transtheoretical model?
Most people need to make several attempts before changing a behavior successfully.
To apply the daily food intake patterns in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, an individual should make use of
MyPlate
What are professional organizations that certify exercise instructors and personal trainers?
National Strength and Conditioning Association International Sports Science Association American College of Sports Medicine
Which of the following statements about slow weight gain are true?
Slow weight gain is a major cause of overweight and obesity. It refers to gaining one or two pounds per year.
Why is it important to consult a doctor before taking supplements?
Some vitamins and minerals are dangerous when taken in excess. Large doses of supplements may affect absorption of some minerals
Which of the following dietary recommendations for dairy foods is correct?
Switch to fat-free or low-fat milk to reduce energy intake.
What are characteristics of health insurance under the Affordable Care Act?
The government regulates the health care plans offered on health exchanges. People who have an income below certain levels are eligible for government subsidies. Health exchanges help individuals obtain the coverage they need.
What is the importance of flexibility exercises?
They are important for maintaining the normal range of motion in the major joints of the body.
Which of the following should older adults focus on in terms of nutritional requirements?
They should focus on eating nutrient-dense foods. They don't need as much energy intake because they tend to become less active.
are criteria for judging what is good and bad, and they underlie moral decisions and behavior
Values
he complete set of genetic material in an individual's cells is known as
a genome
Which of the following would be an example of how lifestyle factors make a genetic predisposition for a disease worse?
a person born with asthma who smokes
A reaction of the body's immune system to a food or food ingredient is food ______, and the adverse reaction to a food or food ingredient owing to problems with metabolism is food ______.
allergy; intolerance
Packaged food labels in the United States must show which of the following?
amount of fat, saturated fat, and trans fat in each serving amount of dietary fiber serving sizes
What is the physical reaction that includes a possibly life-threatening narrowing of airways and lowered blood pressure?
anaphylaxis
People who store fat in their abdominal region have ______ obesity, giving them an apple-shaped form
android
To reduce exposure to mercury, nursing mothers should
avoid eating swordfish. limit the consumption of albacore tuna.
Which of the following are among the most widely used additives to foods in the United States?
baking soda sugar corn syrup
Water is important to the body because it is a major ingredient in
blood
are essential nutrients the human body uses primarily for energy
carbohydrates
Daily Value standards exist for which of the following?
carbohydrates fats dietary fiber
Vegetarian diets are relatively low in
cholesterol
What is the sleep-and-wake pattern that is coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
circadian rhythm
A ______ headache is an extreme headache that is characterized by intense pain in and around one eye and that usually appears up to three times each day over a period of several weeks or longer. Multiple choice question.
cluster
What are gimmicks used by some diet books?
combining foods in specific ways matching eating to blood types
Meat, fish, and poultry are considered sources of
complete protein
What are skill-related fitness components?
coordination reaction time power speed
What is the disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells' ability to take in glucose for energy production?
diabetes mellitus
What are the non digestible carbohydrates found in food from plants called?
dietary fiber
Which sleep-related phenomena can contribute to diabetes?
difficulty falling or staying asleep sleep apnea
Water assists the body in which of the following functions?
digestion temperature regulation absorption of food
Which of the following is associated with obesity?
double mortality rates
EKG
electrocardiogram
What is a good source for getting help when trying to learn an exercise technique?
exercise class
The incidence of obesity in women and children ______ as income level ______
falls; rises
True or false: Body mass index (BMI) measures body fat
false - related to body fat but does not measure it
Which two of the following are basic classifications of vitamins?
fat-soluble vitamins water-soluble vitamins
Which of the following are macronutrients?
fats, carbohydrates, proteins
Which of the following are common reasons for adopting a vegetarian diet?
financial considerations religious reasons ethical reasons concern for the environment
Which of the following is a universal and predictable response pattern to all stressors?
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Which of the following statements are true about the role of genes in the body?
genes help regulate the body's chemical reactions, metabolic processes, and are responsible for family diseases
Which system helps remove proteins, such as amyloids, during sleep and is protective against dementia?
glymphatic system
People who store fat in the hips, buttocks, and thighs have ______ obesity, giving them a pear-shaped form
gynoid
To meet their nutritional requirements, older adults should eat foods that
have fewer calories. are rich in calcium and vitamin D. contain vitamin B-12.
What are the social and environmental factors called that affect the health of individuals, demographic groups, or entire populations?
health determinants
BMI is a measure of body weight that is based on the concept that weight should be proportional to
height
Fats in the diet do which of the following?
help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins & add flavor & texture to food
Which of the following are common symptoms of food allergies?
hives cramps swollen tongue
Individuals who see morality in terms of virtue and justice instead of in terms of rules from authority figures are ______ moral development.
in the final stage
What is not a long-term effect of exercise on the human body?
increased heart rate
Which of the following are benefits of physical activity?
increasing self-esteem, improving quality of sleep and burning calories
What are some dimensions of wellness?
intellectual, interpersonal, emotional, environmental
What are consequences of poor sleep for a night or a few nights?
irritability disinhibition volatility
metabolism
is the process that changes food to energy and builds tissue
Fat cells secrete the hormone ____ which tells the brain the size of the body's fat stores
leptin
What neuroendocrine substances regulate appetite and can be affected by lack of adequate sleep?
leptin ghrelin
Weight loss aids that are ______ are not regulated as heavily as over-the-counter medications.
marketed dietary supplements
Who of the following would have the highest risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
men who have short sleep durations
Certain types of fish can pose a health risk due to possible contamination with
mercury
A food intolerance is usually related to a person's
metabolism
is a momentary lapse in which some parts of the brain lose consciousness.
microsleep
Inorganic compounds called __________ are needed in small amounts for the regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues.
minerals
Which of the following are micronutrients?
minerals & vitamins
What is the study of how genes and nutrients interact with each other and how genetic variations can cause individuals to respond differently to nutrients?
nutrigenomics
Which of the following are examples of incomplete proteins?
nuts & legumes
What is the general term for total body weight that is above the recommended range for good health?
overweight
Which of the following are typical cognitive distortions that people who are demoralized may experience?
picking out a single negative detail and dwelling on it maintaining a negative belief that is contradicted by everyday experiences
Free radicals are chemically unstable molecules that react with which of the following?
proteins & DNA
Which of the following factors promote the production of free radicals?
radiation, exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke
Fat - Free mass
refers only to the body's content of muscle, bone and water
The body needs minerals for
regulation of body functions. releasing energy. growth and maintenance of body tissues.
What is the term that refers to exercise that forces muscles to contract against increased resistance?
resistance excercise
The Healthy Mediterranean-Style Pattern incorporates more fruit and ______ than the Healthy U.S.-Style Pattern.
seafood
According to Maslow, people who are seemingly living at their fullest have achieved
self-actualization
The two basic classifications of carbohydrates are
simple and complex
What term refers to the physical abilities that contribute to performance in a sport or activity?
skill-related fitness
What is the name for the way in which the distinct stages of sleep come together?
sleep architecture
Consumption of gluten by individuals with gluten intolerance damages the lining of the
small intestine
Ethnicity, education level, and economic status are examples of ______ health determinants.
social
Who is likeliest to have the lowest pain threshold?
someone who gets about five hours of disrupted sleep each night
Which of the following is a major role of fats?
storing energy
Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces a stress response is called a(n
stressor
Health
the overall condition of a person's mind or body
Which of the following has been used as an effective approach to changing behavior by stages?
the transtheoretical model
Where can you obtain health insurance?
through an employer, professional group or health exchanges
In the United States, the energy equation generally is tipped
toward "energy in"
According to the FDA, more than 1,000 substances are added to foods in the United States to maintain or improve nutritional quality, to help in processing and preparation, or to alter taste or appearance.
true
True or false: Circadian rhythms affect athletic performance.
true
Type _____ diabetes is strongly associated with obesity.
type 2
What intensity level of exercise does the ACSM recommend participating in for 75 minutes per week?
vigorous
According to MyPlate, the dairy group includes which of the following foods?
yogurt, cheese, milk
