Public Health Exam 3

What statement is true about global environmental challenges?

17% of the world population lacks access to safe water sources

What is the 1st step in conducting a risk assessment?

Exposure assessment Dose-response assessment Identification Risk

What is a process evaluation?

Focus on how well the program was implemented & looks at processes, activities, & capacity building

What are the risk factors for susceptibility to disease in vulnerable populations? (Select all that apply)

Health status, relative risk, income, resource availability (vulnerability causation)

What intervention can be used to prevent AE & empower vulnerable populations through the sharing of knowledge, skills, information?

Health teaching

What is the source for established national objectives & health outcomes that guide health promotion in the US?

Healthy People 2020

Research is an important part of the 10 essentials of PH service. When the nurse uses research of community problems, what purpose does this serve?

Identification of new solutions

What is the best way to help populations & communities avoid environmental health risks?

Identifying potential dangers before they occur or worsen

The PH nurse is offering nutrition classes & developing a walking program for the community residents. Which of the 10 essential public services is the nurse demonstrating?

Inform

Which are examples of serious environmental hazards that affect populations & communities? (Select all that apply)

Insect & rodent control, deforestation, wetlands destruction, desertification, unhealthy & contaminated food, ozone depletion & global warming, overpopulation

What is the fundamental goal of an intervention directed toward addressing environmental health issues?

Interruption of exposure pathway

The nurse is asked about performing community health interventions. What is correct?

Interventions are always based on assessment data

Which statement regarding the cause of poor health outcomes & exposure to environmental contaminants describes the challenge associated with minimizing the risk to an individual's health?

It is very difficult to confirm a link between a person's illness & the environment in which he/she lives

A patient requests information concerning how to isolate ourselves against the exposure to environmental contaminants. Which statement is the basis for the nurse's response?

It it not likely to be able to protect ourselves from contact with some form of environmental contaminant

Which group is more susceptible to health disparities & discrimination in health care systems? (Select all that apply)

Minorities, runaway teenagers, unemployed persons

What are included in the 10 essential services of PH?

Mobilize, inform, enforce, monitor health, diagnose & investigate, develop, connect, competency, evaluate, research

What are the contributing factors to health disparities of a migrant farm worker?

No means of transportation, diagnosis of schizophrenia, language barriers Access to healthcare resources, language barriers, & mental health issues are all contributive factors

What are factors associated with the social & physical environment?

Number of abandoned houses, policies & laws, neighborhood crime

Which is a true statement about health interventions in specific populations?

Outreach is an effective strategy for intervening in substance abuse

When considering exposure, what term is used to identify the way an individual was originally exposed to an environmental contaminant?

Pathway

What is the best way to facilitate capacity building among the vulnerable populations & their communities?

Patient advocate

In regards to environmental health risks, how would the genetic predisposition for diabetes be classified?

Personal

What is a determinant of global health?

Physical environment, social environment, health behaviors, individual health

Which factor is considered when determining social determinants of health? (Select all that apply)

Place of birth Childhood experiences Employment history Age Social determinants of health: circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, age. These are shaped by economics, social policies, politics

What populations are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards? (Select all that apply)

Poor or low income & minorities

What is the goal of a community health assessment (CHA)? (Select all that apply)

Prioritization of community-focused health interventions Effective assessment of existing community health problems Associating health need with possible community resource Identification of community health resource

Which science focuses on the association of the environmental and human health?

Public health science

What criteria does a successful community intervention for improving environmental health meet? (Select all that apply)

Relies on community input, feasible, evidence-based

When considering cultural influences, how would the nurse interpret a Chinese patient's lack of eye contact?

Respect

A nurse is working with clients in the communicable disease clinic. A client seeking treatment confides to the nurse she sometimes has sex for money. The nurse provides the client with education on how to protect herself from further infection & offers her free condoms. Which of the elements of the ANA code of ethics is the nurse practicing? (Select all that apply)

Respect, regardless of social status compassion, regardless of the health problem dignity, regardless of personal attributes

Which is a secondary intervention?

Screening of employees for work-related injuries such as hearing loss & repetitive physical activity

The community nurse visits a local playground & assesses the safety of newly installed equipment. What level of intervention is the nurse performing?

Secondary Primary: education Secondary: screening Tertiary: most involved, response to specific hazard

In preparing a health & wellness care plan for the local senior citizen center, the nurse ensures the consideration of the 3 universal needs. What are the 3 universal human needs of the community?

Sense of belonging & safety & security

Social justice refers to:

Sharing common burdens & advantages

Which lifestyle choices or behaviors most strongly determine long-term health outcomes in developed nations?

Smoking & alcohol

Which value is central to nursing & PH?

Social justice

Which of the following are examples of inequities that may interfere with health? (Select all that apply)

Social, economic, political

How is it that the risk for lead poisoning is increased for children living in poorer communities?

State of deteriorating housing

The community nurse who facilitates the quick cleanup of toxic hazards is performing what level of intervention?

Tertiary

A PH nurse is developing a program based on the goals of the gov initiative Healthy People 2020. What is a health indicator the nurse may use as a part of the program? (Select all that apply)

Tobacco, exercise, substance abuse

Social justice is the fair & equitable distribution of social benefits & burdens and is tied to issues of human rights

True

Which statement is true?

Use of alcohol is categorized as a lifestyle choice

When considering the risks the environment presents to human health, when does exposure to illness occur?

When people come into contact with an environmental contaminant

In regards to the environmental health risks, which of these spheres affects everyone & includes general air or water pollution, exposure to natural or man-made disasters, and/or outbreaks of disease?

Wider environment

Upstream focus addresses the root cause of disease & manufacturers of illness by taking into account what factors? (Select all that apply)

Environmental & socioeconomic

What statement about environmental justice is correct?

Environmental justice is part of the mission of each federal agency

What best describes the role of a nurse in a TB initiative?

Administer vaccinations

Which group has a higher propensity toward the health disparities of cancer & DM?

African American

Which aspect of industrialization has had the greatest impact on the general health of mankind?

Air & water quality

Which is a major variable in the health of populations?

Air pollution

A new client is scheduled at the clinic. During the assessment, the nurse notes a circular, dark pink indention on the client's abdomen. The nurse is aware the client is not from the US. What is the nurse's next best action?

Ask the client to describe usual health beliefs & practices when the client becomes sick

Of the following steps, which 1 should the nurse take after intervening with a vulnerable population's environmental risk?

Evaluate environmental health knowledge

Which of these is a step in the nursing process that must come before diagnosis & intervention?

Assessment

What is vulnerability?

Any factor that increases the chances for poor health

During an intake assessment the nurse asks a Hispanic client where in Mexico they were born. The client becomes angry & reports being born in Colombia. What is the best action for the nurse to take?

Apologize for the cultural insensitivity & make a mental note

Which question is focused toward evaluating an intervention to stop an exposure to an environmental contamination? (Select all that apply)

Are the people in the community supporting this intervention? Has the # of those exposed been decreased? How has the community's health improved? Can this intervention be implemented long-term?

While providing in-home wound care, the nurse notes the client is frequently vocal & screams at relatives when in pain. In performing a cultural assessment, in what area would the nurse document the frequent outburst & vocalizations?

Biological variations

A PH nurse begins work with a new community. What is the best 1st step in working toward community change?

Building relationships

What is the initial intervention when conducting a cultural assessment regarding the health beliefs & values of a member of a non-white American culture?

Establishing an accepting environment

What are the risk factors associated with global health?

Childhood & maternal undernutrition Addictive substances Sexual & reproductive health Environmental risks

A nurse develops a program in an at-risk population as a result of disability related life year (DALY) health data. Which program goal best targets a reduction in DALY risk factors?

Client will increase exercise 3 days a week

What can help address & solve environmental health problems faced by populations & communities? (Select all that apply)

Collaboration with citizens & other professionals to develop protective & preventive environmental health strategies in the community; apply environmentally related research; take action to correct situations in which health hazards exist; take action to promote the development of policies & legislation that enhance consumer protection & promote a healthier environment

A nurse could use which of the following to intervene with a vulnerable population's environmental risk?

Community assessment Conferring with local health departments

What is an example of a biological health risk?

Contaminated drinking water

Which is an example of a primary intervention?

Counsel women of childbearing age about any environmental hazards that can affect the health of their babies

When considering health views, which statement is the basis for discussions concerning the effect of culture?

Cultural world views are responsible for the different beliefs regarding the cause of illness

What is a known health disparity of the American Indian that the nurse will want to address?

DM

A community nurse who routinely works in the immunization clinic notes an influx of new patients from Russia. The nurse wants to improve self-awareness of this new population. What steps can the nurse take to cultivate cultural sensitivity? (Select all that apply)

Demonstrate a genuine interest in the lives & culture of the new clients. Interview some of the new members & inquire about cultural values.

What is the correct order in developing an evaluation plan for community-level interventions?

Develop evaluation questions, identify where you will find the data you need, plan how you will analyze your data

While taking walk around the school at lunch, the nurse notices the cafeteria dumpsters are next to the playground. The nurse goes over to the dumpster to investigate & finds the dumpsters leaking, which is attracting bees. Which of the 10 essentials is the nurse demonstrating?

Diagnosing

What outreach method includes the nurse reaching out to individuals & families through home visits, churches, school meetings?

Direct outreach

The nurse assesses the negative health effects of air pollution on individuals in a community. What level of intervention is the nurse practicing?

Downstream