Public Speaking

List 5 questions to ask about your specific purpose?

1) Does it meet my assignment? 2) Can it be completed in the time allotted? 3) Is it relevant to my audience? 4) Is too trivial for my audience? 5) Is too technical for my audience?

List 5 tips for formulating a specific purpose statement

1) Not a fragment 2) Not a question 3) Avoid figurative language 4) One distinct idea 5) Not too vague or general

List four kinds of listening & define:

1. APPRECIATIVE LISTENING: for pleasure 2. EMPATHIC LISTENING: provide emotional support for the speaker. 3. COMPREHENSIVE LISTENING: understanding the message for the speaker. 4. CRITICAL LISTENING: evaluate a message for purpose of accepting or rejecting it.

What 4 questions do your ask about the speakers evidence?

1. Accurate 2. Sufficient to support the speaker's point 3. Objective sources 4. Relevant to the speaker's claim

List 6 examples Demographic Audience Analysis

1. Age 2. Gender 3. Religion 4. Sexual orientation 5. Racial, ethnic, cultural background 6. Group membership

What are the four causes of poor listening

1. Distractions & wondering thoughts 2. Listening to hard or concentrating to hard 3. Jump to conclusions 4. Judge speaker by their appearance or manner

List 2 types of testimony and define

1. Expert testimony: people who are recognized experts in their field 2. Peer testimony: ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight.

What 5 things that must be proven for defamation?

1. First, the "statement" can be spoken, written, pictured, or even gestured. 2. "Published" means that a third party heard or saw the statement -- that is, someone other than the person who made the statement or the person the statement was about. 3. A defamatory statement must be false 4. The statement must be "injurious." Since the whole point of defamation law is to take care of injuries to reputation, those suing for defamation must show how their reputations were hurt by the false statement 5. Finally, to qualify as a defamatory statement, the offending statement must be "unprivileged." Under some circumstances, you cannot sue someone for defamation even if they make a statement that can be proved false. For example, witnesses who testify falsely in court or at a deposition can't be sued.

List 3 types of plagiarism & define:

1. GLOBAL: is lifting speech entirely from a single source. 2. PATCHWORK: involves stitching a speech together by copying from a few sources. 3. INCREMENTAL: speaker fails to give credit for specific quotations & paraphrases.

What are the two types of interference?

1. Internal 2. External

What are the 3 methods for focusing on the listener?

1. Listen for main points 2. Listen for evidence 3. Listen for technique

List 3 types of brainstorming for coming up with a topic.

1. Make a personal inventory of your experiences and such. 2. Clustering or mind mapping ideas by breaking them down into categories and subcategories and then detail 3. internet seaches

Give 2 examples on how to use stats in a speech

1. Make sure that they are accurate 2. Use them sparingly

What are the 6 guidelines for ethical public speaking?

1. Make sure your goal areas ethically sound 2. Fully prepared for each speech 3. Be honest in what you say 4. Avoid name-calling and abusive language 5. Ethical principles into practice at all times 6. Be careful with statistics and plagiarism

List 4 similarities between public speaking and conversation

1. Organizing your thoughts logically. 2. tailoring your message to your audience. 3. Telling a story for maximum impact. 4. Adapting to listeners feedback

List the 3 differences between public speaking and conversation.

1. Public speaking is more highly structured. -time limitations, detail planning, pomp, 2. Public speaking requires more formal language. 3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.

There are four basic methods of delivering a speech

1. Reading verbatim from a manuscript 2. reciting a memorized text 3. speak it and impromptu 4. speaking extemporaneously

List 5 examples of Situational Audience Analysis:

1. Size 2. Physical sitting 3. Deposition toward the topic a) Interest b) Knowledge c) Attitude 4. Disposition toward the speaker 5. Disposition toward the occasion

Give 4 ways of how to craft your supporting ideas

1. They should be colorful 2. Brief examples: specific case referred to an passing to illustrate a point. 3. Extended examples: story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point 4. Hypothetical example: example that describes an imaginary or factitious situation.

Give 5 tips on using examples

1. Use examples to reinforce your ideas 2. Something you can visualize 3. Use example to personalize your ideas 4. Make examples vivid 5. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples

List the rules on using visual aids

1. do not use the blackboard or turn your back to the audience. 2. Put away visual aid when you are done 3. Explain visual aid 4. Make sure people can see it.

In most speach situations introduction has four objectives

1. get the attention and interest of the audience 2. reveal the topic of your speech 3. Establish your credibility and goodwill 4. previewed body of the speech

List 5 ways to gain attention of your audience.

1. relate 2. state the importance 3. arouse curiosity or startled 4. Question the audience 5. Tell a story

List the seven elements of a speech process

1. speaker 2. message 3. channel 4. listener 5. feedback 6. interference 7. situration

What are the methods in using language clearly in a speech?

1. use familiar words 2. choice concrete words 3. use vivid language or imagery 4. eliminate clutter

Giving undivided attention to a speaker to understand her point of view

Active Listener

What is interference in public speaking?

Anything that impedes the communication of a message.

What article in the Bill of rights covers freedom of speech?

Article 1 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

The physical production of particular speech sounds.

Articulation

The best speakers are?

Audience-centered

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point

Brief example

A method of speech organization in which the main point show a cause-effect relationship.

Causal order

Means to which a message is communicated

Channel

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow at a time pattern

Chronicle order

A trite or overused expression.

Cliché

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of the speech and indicates the relationship between them.

Connective

Presenting a speech so that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been reversed.

Conversational quality

A conclusion in which speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Crescendo ending

Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key points of the speech. Examples: slow done, eye contact, pause,

Delivery cues

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step toward dramatic final statement

Dissolve ending or Descrescado

A carefully prepared & rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

Extemporaneous speech

A story, narrative, or antidote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

Extended example

Message, usually nonverbal, sent to from the listener

Feedback

Sum of a person's experience, goals, value, attitudes

Frame of Reference

WHAT TYPE OF PLAGIARISM COVERS "is lifting speech entirely from a single source"

Global plagiarism

An example that describes an imaginary fictitious situation

Hypothetical example

What type of plagiarism covers "speaker fails to give credit for specific quotations & paraphrases."

INCREMENTAL PLAGIARISM

CHANGES in the pitch or the tone of a speakers voice.

Inflections

A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.

Internal preview

A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speakers proceeding points

Internal summary

The major points developed in the body of the speech. Most speeches contain from 2-5 of these?

Main Points

A speech that is written out word for word and went to the audience.

Manuscript speech

An implicit comparison NOT introduced with the words "like" or "as" into things that are essentially different yet have something in common

Metaphor

A constant pitch or tone of voice.

Monotone

The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or synthesis.

Parallelism

To restate or summarize a sources ideas in your own words

Paraphrase

What type of plagiarism covers "involves stitching a speech together by copying from a few sources"

Patchwork plagiarism

The HIGHNESS or LOWNESS of the speakers voice.

Pitch

A detailed outline develop during the process of speech preparation that includes the specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and a bibliography of a speech.

Preparation outline

What are the 3 "P"s

Prepare, prepare, prepare

A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and that second main point present a solution to the problem.

Problem-solution order

The speed at which a person speaks.

Rate

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successful clauses or synthesis.

Repetition

The pattern of sound and a speech created by choice and arrangement of words.

Rhythm

An explicit comparison introduced, with the word "like" or "as" between things that are centrally different yet have something in common.

Simile

A brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of the speech

Speaking outline

Creating an oversimplified image of a group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.

Stereotyping

Define General Purpose of a speech

The board goal of the speech.

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical consistent subtopics. Listing

Topical order

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought in his movie owned to another

Transition

The LOUDNESS or SOFTNESS of the speakers voice.

Volume

What is adrenaline?

Your body responds to a stressful situation by producing adrenaline. You can you this to give you energy during your speech. Transform you nervousness from a negative force to Positive nervousness that can be used at stage excitement and enthusiasm.

Define Central Idea of a speech

a one sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.

Reputation of the initial consonant in that sound of close or adjoining words.

alliteration

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure. Ex: "not" ...."but" "more" ...."than"

antithesis

The meaning suggested by the association or emotions triggered by word or phrase

connotative meaning

The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

denotative meaning

A variety of a language distinguished by variations OF accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

dialect

Physical shaping of the lips

emborchue

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

extemporaneous speech

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas.

imagery

Speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

impromptu speech

Define audience-centerness

keeping your audience foremost in your mind at every step

Define the SPECIFIC PURPOSE of a speech:

single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

spatial order

What is defamation?

the action of damaging the good reputation of someone; slander or libel.

Define infinitive phase:

to encapsulation of what you hope to accomplish.

Define Residual message

what the speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech