Public Speaking Final Exam

Define general purpose.

the broad goal of a speech.

When you need to give your audience something, when should you do that?

After the speech.

List and Define the four types of listening discussed in the book.

Appreciative- you are listening for enjoyment. Empathetic- you are showing mutual concern. Comprehensive- you are listening to understand or listening to comprehend the message being given. Critical- listening to evaluate what you are hearing.

What are the ways to deal with nervousness?

Be prepared, pump yourself up, don't be afraid of nervous feeling, look after yourself.

List and define the various organizational methods for presenting speeches.

Chronological order- organizing according to time. Spatial- organizing according to the area the topic appears in space. Topical- organizing by types or categories.

Define Problem-Solution speech.

Discuss what problem is, what you believe is causing the problem, and then what the solution should be to correct the problem.

Define either-or fallacy.

False dilemma is a logical fallacy that presents only two options or sides when there are many options or sides.

What are four things you should do in your speech introduction?

First, get the attention of the audience. Second, reveal the topic of the speech. Third, establish your credibility and goodwill. Lastly, preview the body of your speech.

What is the major reason Monroe's motivated sequence is such an effective way of organizing persuasive speeches?

Follows the process.

Define peer testimony.

Given by a person who does not have expertise in particular field.

What are the guidelines for visual aids?

Guidelines for presenting visual aids are displaying the visual aids where listeners can see, avoid passing visual aids among the audience, displaying the visual aids only while discussing them, explain the visual aids clearly and concisely, talk to the audience and not the visual aid, check the room and equipment, and lastly practicing with visual aid.

What are the ethical guidelines for speaking?

Make sure goals are ethically sound, be honest in what one says, avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language, be prepared for speech, and put ethical principles into practice.

Define Ad Hominem.

Means "to the person" in Latin and refers to a common fallacy of attacking a person rather than an argument.

Define audience adaptation.

Process of adjusting one's topic, purpose, language, and communication style. Avoid offending or alienating members of the audience and to increase the likelihood of achieving the goals of making the speech.

Define nonverbal communication.

Process of shared cues between people, which goes hand-in-hand with public speaking. This can include eye contact, frequency of glances, blink rate, gestures, facial expressions, postures, and more.

Three types of questions asked when dealing with persuasive speeches.

Questions of fact, questions of value, questions of policy

What is the communication process?

Refers to a series of actions or steps taken to successfully communicate. It involves several components such as the sender of the communication, the actual message being sent, the encoding of the message, the receiver, and the decoding of the message.

Define inflection.

Refers to the ups and downs of a language

Define Red Herring Fallacy.

Something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question. It may be either a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads readers or audiences toward a false conclusion

Define Bandwagon Fallacy.

Sometimes called the appeal to common belief or appeal to the masses because it's all about getting people to do or think something because "everyone else is doing it" or "everyone else thinks this".

. Define Stereotyping, egocentric, and egocentrism.

Stereotyping- creating an over simplified image of a particular group of people, usually assuming that all the members are alike. Egocentrism- the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and wellbeing.

What do you do in a speech conclusion?

Summarize main points of speech

How do you improve listening?

Take listening seriously, be an active listener, resist distractions, suspend judgement, focus one's listening, develop note taking skills, and do not be diverted by appearance.

What are some ways to gain attention in a speech?

The methods used to gain the attention or interest of the audience are the following: relate your topic to audience, state importance of topic, tell a story, startle the audience, arouse curiosity, question the audience, and begin with a quotation.

What is the problem with people who are inefficient note takers?

They do not know what to listen for and how to record what they are listening for.

Define Nonverbal communication.

Transmission of messages or signals through nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals.

Define question of value, policy, and fact.

Value-whether something is good or bad, desirable, or undesirable. Policy-asks if something should or should not be done. Fact- determination of what really occurred.

Define persuasive speaking.

When you intended to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, and acts of others

Define brainstorming.

a method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts.

The most effective order of man points in a speech depends above all on your topic, purpose, and ________________?

audience

What are the situational factors you must consider when speaking?

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

List and Define the types of supporting materials.

refers to the information a person provides to develop or support their main points.

Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as?

vocal variety

What should you consider when evaluating statistics?

Three questions to help judge the reliability of statistics are: are the statistics representative, are the statistical measures used correctly, and are the statistics from a reliable source?