Public Speaking Midterm

In all, we communicate approximately ________ percent of the emotional meaning of messages nonverbally.

55

Most people spend between _______ percent of their waking hours communicating with others.

80 and 90

What issue did Julius Fast's theory about nonverbal communication fail to consider?

Complex differences exist in individual, contextual, and cultural nonverbal communication.

Moving from simple ideas to more complicated ones in the course of your presentation is the _________ pattern of organization.

Complexity

A word that means, "what the speaker intends and grammatically contains no errors within the sentence in which it appears," is a(n) ________ word.

Correct

The process of interpreting ideas, feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code is known as ___________.

Decoding

Professor Belden has a sign in his classroom that states, "No iPods, No Texting, No Gum-Chewing." These rules are __________.

Direct

A nonverbal cue that has a specific, widely understood meaning in a given culture and that may substitute for a word or phrase is called a(n) _________.

Emblem

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning a preparation outline?

It includes your central idea, main ideas, and supporting material.

Maria's lab partner, Steven, often says rude and inappropriate things to her during class. He just doesn't seem to know how to communicate without being insulting. According to Maslow's framework, Steven is at what level of self-awareness?

Level 1: unconscious incompetence

Key components of communication?

Making sense, sharing sense, and creating meaning

Which of the following statements about communication is TRUE?

Nonverbal messages are critical to successful relationships.

_________ is how high or low a speaker's voice is.

Pitch

One effective way to enhance your own ability to interpret nonverbal cues is to __________.

Recognize body movement, eye contact, facial expressions, touch, vocal behaviors and use of space and territory communicate liking, interest, and dominance.

Your assessment of your worth or value as reflected in your perception of your skills, abilities, talents, and appearance is known as _________.

Self-esteem

Just before the state finals tennis match, Georgette told herself she was ready to play aggressively, and that she had all the skills needed to win. Georgette was engaging in ________.

Self-talk

A detailed outline of a presentation that includes the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material, and may also include specific purpose, introduction, and conclusion is ___________.

The presentational outline

Tamir developed a presentation on the history of U.S. foreign policy since the end of World War II, focusing on major turning points and key international events. He most likely used a ________ organization.

Topical

The term "chairperson" is an example of a(n) ________ word.

Unbiased

A literary quotation is ________.

a citation from a work of fictions or nonfiction, a poem, or another speech

A figurative analogy is a(n) ___________.

a comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things that share some common feature on which the comparison depends

In a persuasive speech on lowering tuition, Josh wanted to discuss various sources of the university's operating budget, such as tuition, state aid, federal aid, private donations, and endowments. He wanted to show how the whole budget was divided proportionately among the sources. In order to present the information clearly, which of the following visual aids will likely be most effective?

a pie graph

A summary is ____________.

a recap of what has been said.

A Boolean search is a(n) ____________.

a web search that ties together so that a search engine can hunt for the resulting phrase

When using adult learning principles, you should __________.

actively involve listeners in the learning process.

A nonverbal behavior that helps satisfy a personal need and that helps a person adjust or respond to the immediate situation is called a(n) __________.

adaptor

When Lee says that "Southerners are gun-carrying racists," what characteristic is he exhibiting?

allness

Perception checking can be used to counteract the _________ nature of nonverbal communication.

ambiguous

A hypothetical illustration is __________.

an example or story that has not actually occurred.

According to one team of researchers, around what age does self-esteem peak?

around 60

"Tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you've told them," is one way to structure your presentation in order to ______.

build in redundancy.

The rhythm of language is also referred to as ________.

cadence

Bill delivered a presentation about how to start a small, home-based business. He described the process step by step, from original idea through incorporating, funding, getting insurance, hiring employees, etc. Bill used what type of organization for his presentation?

chronological

Adam was texting his friends when his phone rang. He answered by saying, "Adam Russo" in case the caller was the recruiter he was expecting. Adam is demonstrating an appropriate understanding of ________.

code-switching

According to extensive research, ________ is essential in the process of building and maintaining self-esteem.

communication

Morgan sits in the seat right next to another person in a movie theater full of empty seats. This person soon moves to another row. According to the expectancy violations model, the other person responded to Morgan's behavior by ________.

compensating for her behavior

You should summarize your presentation in the ________.

conclusion

When Bharat hears the word "cancer," he thinks of his grandmother, who passed away from the disease. For Bharat, this is the ________ meaning of the word.

connotative

If you use a drawing as a visual aid, you should _________.

consider scanning it and putting it into a PowerPoint slide.

When Eddie's girlfriend asked him if he was interested in someone else, he said "no," but looked away and could not meet her eyes. Eddie's nonverbal cues ________ his verbal message.

contradict

A(n) ________ is a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, rules, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next.

culture

Memorized speaking is _________.

delivering a presentation word for word without using notes.

The ________ meaning of a word conveys literal content.

denotive

The ability to understand and feel what another person is feeling is known as __________.

empathy

Posing questions to your audience such as "How many of you are interested in saving tuition dollars this year?" or "Who would like to save money on their income taxes?" is one way to _________ to add interest to your presentation.

establish a motive for your audience to listen

Darius began his presentation on improving one's study skills by telling his audience he could guarantee a ten percent rise in their GPAs if they adhered to his simple, five-point plan. Darius used which strategy for making his informative presentation more interesting?

establishing a motive for the audience to listen

A statement that makes clear how something is done or why it exists in its present or past form is a(n) _______.

explanation.

For unmarried people, what are the top-rated sources of satisfaction and happiness in life?

friendship and falling in love

The broad reason for giving a presentation, to inform, to persuade, or to entertain an audience, is the ________.

general purpose

As we act and react to stimuli in our environment, a significant portion of our nonverbal communication is ________.

generated subconsciously

According to the expectancy violations model, we develop expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior in ourselves and others based on all of the following EXCEPT __________.

genetic predisposition

Dredging up someone's past mistakes or problems and linking them to a current situation is known as _______.

gunny-sacking

What is considered to be the "spice" of speeches?

humor

________ refers to variation in vocal pitch.

inflection

Presentations about events are a form of ________ presentations.

informative

Communication that occurs simultaneously between two individuals who attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships, is ________ communication.

interpersonal

Kay decides that her younger brother has a hot date tonight because he is wearing the aftershave he only wears when he is going out. Kay is demonstrating which step in the perception process?

interpretation

According to research, U.S. women's dissatisfaction with their bodies has ________ over recent decades.

markedly increased

The ________ self is a total of all the tangible things you own: your body, your possessions, and your home.

material

Written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which we assign meaning in a communication model is the definition of ________.

message

According to your textbook, the opposite of empathy is _________.

neutrality

Paralanguage is __________.

nonverbal aspects of voice

Julio frowns and shakes his head when Britney asks to sit next to him in the cafeteria. What type of communication is Julio using?

nonverbal communication

In the middle of her presentation, Miriam paused, cleared her throat, and took a deep breath to indicate that she was moving from the causes of the subprime mortgage crisis to the effects on ordinary consumers. This is an example of a ___________.

nonverbal transition.

A speech about a(n) ________ might be about anything tangible—anything you can see or touch.

object

Being focused on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining one's personal integrity is known as being __________.

other-oriented

A biographical presentation about someone's career, personality, or other significant life feature is an example of a presentation about ________.

people

According to the text, a person's gestures, movement, and posture are the three key elements of __________.

physical delivery.

Which of the following is a final tip for rehearsing and delivering your presentation?

practice in front of a person if possible

Violence on college campuses is rising, according to an article you read last week. After some initial research, you have some ideas to curb the violence. You would most likely choose the ________ plan of organization for your speech.

problem-solution

Arrangement of ideas from least important to most important or from weakest to strongest is known as __________.

recency

To make your presentation memorable, you should ________.

reinforce key ideas verbally.

One strategy for making your informative presentation clear is to ___________.

relate new information to something that is already familiar to your audience.

According to communication researcher Susan Shimanoff, a _______ is a "followable prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts."

rule

If you expect to be chosen as the lead in the school play and instead are offered a part as an extra, it is likely your ________ will be negatively affected.

self-esteem

Nathan's New Year's resolutions are to lose 20 pounds, join a gym, and finish writing his novel. What are these examples of?

self-expectations

The human ability to think about what we're doing while we're doing it is known as ________.

self-reflexiveness

In Sociology, Gene received an assignment for a five-minute speech on a topic of his choice. He doesn't know how to begin to pick a subject. Which of the following strategies will be most helpful to Gene in selecting an appropriate topic?

silent brainstorming

A technique used to generate possible topics for a presentation is _________.

silent brainstorming.

Discuss only a limited number of issues related to your topic, do not load your presentation with complex details, and edit ruthlessly are all suggestions for doing what to make your presentation clear?

simplify ideas

Rebecca says that she can sing as well as Margaret can, but that Margaret has more athletic skills. Rebecca is demonstrating an example of what?

social comparison

A concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the presentation is the ___________.

specific purpose

The ability of parents to discern their own child's voice from a chorus of voices exemplifies which stage of perception?

stage one: attention and selection

An example of hard evidence is a(n) ________.

statistic

One definition of self-awareness is ___________.

the capacity to observe and reflect upon one's own mental states.

According to author James Humes, "The art of communication is _________."

the language of leadership

The illusion of transparency is ____________.

the mistaken belief that the physical manifestations of a speaker's nervousness are apparent to an audience.

What is plagiarism?

the presentation of someone else's words or ideas without acknowledging the source

A potential source for finding a vivid word is called a _______; a book of words and a list of their synonyms.

thesaurus

People are able to attend to how many nonverbal cues at a time?

two to three

A word that does not stereotype, discriminate against, or insult either gender or any racial, cultural, or religious group is a(n) ________ word.

unbiased

When speaking extemporaneously you should ___________.

use gestures and movement that arise naturally from what you are saying.

In addition to using language that is too complicated for your listener, what is another way to create defensiveness, as mentioned in the text?

using language that is too simplistic

All of the following are suggested options for referring to one person without using sexist language EXCEPT ________.

using the terms "you all" or "you guys"

When preparing to deliver an extemporaneous speech, you should __________.

vary the ways in which you express ideas and information.

Supporting materials are ____________.

verbal or visual material that clarifies, amplifies, and provides evidence to support the main ideas of a presentation.

Darren, in his presentation on violence at sporting events, described the "thunderous roar of the crowd, the warm scent of roasting peanuts, and the pulse-pounding sense of anticipation." Darren was using _______ to make his presentation more interesting.

word pictures

All of the following are suggestions for developing speaking notes EXCEPT _________.

write out most of your speech word for word.

In Shannon and Weaver's model of communication, the message is _______.

written spoken and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning

Communication scholars would agree that when communicating, ________.

you choose language