PY 307 Physiological Psych Test 4

Grand mal seizures are characterized by both _________ and __________ convulsions.: A. ischemic, embolic B. thrombotic, sclerotic C. simple, complex D. tonic, clonic E. petit, grand

D. tonic, clonic

People with this disorder have lower than average brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Depression

This neurotransmitter has been shown to have a strong role in the reward response and addiction.

Dopamine

Evidence suggests these two neurotransmitters play a major role in schizophrenia

Dopamine and Glutamate

The following are alternative treatments for depression EXCEPT: A. Exercise B. Sleep Deprivation C. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) D. rapid Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) E. Exposure Therapy

E. Exposure Therapy

These two abnormalities must be present to diagnose somebody with Alzheimer's disease. A. Meningiomas and infiltrating tumors. B. Thromboses and embolisms. C. Aneurysms and arterioscleroses. D. Encephalitis and contusions. E. Neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.

E. Neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.

The theory that states that we are drawn to eat by the anticipated pleasure of eating is called: A. reward-incentive perspective. B. expected-reward perspective. C. Pavlovian-response perspective. D. Correct Response E. positive-incentive perspective. F. obesity-recurrence perspective.

E. Positive-incentive perspective

The metabolic stage that prepares the body for eating is called the: A. hunger phase. B. absorptive phase. C. satiety phase. D. Correct Response E. cephalic phase. F. fasting phase.

E. cephalic phase

A signal that tells the body to stop eating and creates a feeling of being full is called a: A. hunger signal. B. thirst signal. C. leptin signal. D. diabetic signal. E. Correct Response F. satiety signal.

F. satiety signal

A signal that tells teh body to stop eating and creates a feeling of "being full"

A satiety signal

LSD acts primarily on the neurotransmitter: A. Serotonin B. Norepinephrine C. Adrenaline D. Dopamine E. GABA

A. Serotonin

Which of the following is NOT true about a cerebral ischemia? A. The damage happens immediately. B. The damage is caused by excess glutamate release. C. Damage does not occur equally in all parts of the brain. D. The mechanisms of damage vary with the brain structure affected. E. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible.

A. The damage happens immediately

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis is supported by all of the following evidence EXCEPT A. The symptoms of schizophrenia develop early in childhood and persist throughout a person's lifetime. B. Several kinds of prenatal or neonatal difficulties area linked to later schizophrenia. C. People with schizophrenia have minor brain abnormalities that originate early in life. D. Abnormalities of early development could impair behavior in adulthood. E. All of the above support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis.

A. The symptoms of schizophrenia develop early in childhood and persist throughout a person's lifetime.

Some success has been reported in treating clinical depression with chronic low-level electrical stimulation of the___________ through implanted electrodes. A. anterior cingulate gyrus of the prefrontal cortex B. amygdala C. posterior thalamus D. hippocampus E. striatum

A. anterior cingulate gyrus of the prefrontal cortex

Benzodiazepines: A. are GABAA agonists. B. are monoamine agonists. C. are catecholamine antagonists. D. are monoamine antagonists. E. bind to serotonin receptors.

A. are GABAA agonists.

Which type of tumor is likely to be benign? A. encapsulated B. metastatic C. infiltrating D. malignant E. congenital

A. encapsulated

Disorders characterized by extreme feelings of anxiety and severe stress responses in the absence of an apparent precipitating stimulus are classified as A. generalized anxiety disorders. B. panic attacks. C. phobic anxiety disorders. D. obsessive-compulsive disorders. E. tachycardia.

A. generalized anxiety disorders.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which: A. myelin is attacked in the CNS leaving behind hard scar tissue. B. a definitive diagnosis can only be done during autopsy. C. abnormal electrical activity causes "electrical storms" in the brain. D. a patient experiences difficulty controlling motor functions and dementia E. a patient is unable to recognize faces.

A. myelin is attacked in the CNS leaving behind hard scar tissue.

One of the first studies of the physiology of hunger was that of Cannon and Washburn (1912). They found that: A. subjective feelings of hunger are associated with stomach contractions. B. subjective feelings of hunger are associated with eating. C. stomach contractions are associated with high blood glucose levels. D. stomach contractions are associated with eating. E. eating is associated with high blood glucose levels.

A. subjective feelings of hunger are associated with stomach contractions.

The rate at which resting individuals utilize their energy resources to maintain their basic body processes is: A. the basal metabolic rate. B. schedule-induced polydipsia. C. basal thermogenesis. D. basal polydipsia. E. diet-induced thermogenesis.

A. the basal metabolic rate

Neuropsychological disorders with genetic causes are not usually related to dominant genes because: A. those who possess them are less likely to produce fit offspring. B. dominant genes are usually singular. C. recessive genes are far more potent. D. recessive genes are far more common. E. humans are not still evolving.

A. those who possess them are less likely to produce fit offspring.

Cocaine sprees are the product of the interaction between the high positive-incentive value of cocaine and the rapid development of A. tolerance. B. alcohol. C. schizophrenia. D. paranoia. E. convulsions.

A. tolerance.

The disorder characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.

Alzheimer's Disease

A common cause of cerebral hemorrhage.

Aneurysm

A consequence of lesioning the lateral hypothalamus.

Aphagia and Adipsia.

A common cause of cerebral hemorrhage is a(n): A. concussion. B. aneurysm. C. hematoma. D. tumor. E. embolism.

B. aneurysm

Glucose levels __________ prior to a meal. A. increase. B. decrease. C. stabilize. D. remain constant. E. none of the above.

B. decrease

Most depressed people show _________ activity in the _____ prefrontal cortex. A. increased, left B. decreased, left C. decreased, right D. increased, left and right E. decreased, left and right

B. decreased, left

Given the cascade of events leading to ischemia-produced brain damage, __________ antagonists administered immediately after a stroke might reduce the development of brain damage. A. GABA B. glutamate C. acetylcholinesterase D. dopamine E. serotonin

B. glutamate

Neuropeptide Y, galanin, orexin A, and ghrelin are: A. amino acids. B. hunger peptides. C. catecholamines. D. serotonin agonists. E. satiety peptides.

B. hunger peptides

The type of drug tolerance where less of the drug is getting to the site of action is called: A. functional tolerance. B. metabolic tolerance. C. effect tolerance. D. location tolerance. E. cross withdrawal.

B. metabolic tolerance.

In most countries, attempts to treat heroin and morphine addiction usually involve the prescription of: A. heroin. B. methadone. C. morphine. D. all of the above E. both B and C

B. methadone.

There is a growing appreciation that drug addiction is a specific expression of a more general behavioral problem: The inability to: A. cope with dopamine release. B. refrain from a behavior despite its adverse effects. C. refrain from anhedonia. D. cope with positive incentives. E. engage in striatal control.

B. refrain froma behavior despite its adverse effects.

Recent research suggests that dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is more related to____________ than to _____________. A. liking; wanting B. wanting; liking C. craving; wanting D. wanting; craving E. hedonia: anhedonia

B. wanting; liking

Alcohol abuse can trigger this neural mechanism that leads to widespread degeneration of brain tissue. A. Synaptogenesis B. Meningitis C. Apoptosis D. Radial Migration E. Neurotransmission

C. Apoptosis

New research has suggested that _________, which is important for synaptic activity, may be involved in depression. A. Serotonin B. Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRF) C. Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) D. Dopmine E. Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

C. Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF)

What happens when insulin levels are high? A. Fat supplies are converted to glucose, which enters the blood. B. Fat supplies are depleted. C. Glucose entry into the cells increases. D. The sphincter muscle between the stomach and the duodenum opens. E. You have a feeling of satiety.

C. Glucose entry into the cells increases.

The brain structure known as the _________ and the neurotransmitter _________ respond to pleasurable stimuli and are involved in addiction. A. Nucleus accumbens, serotonin B. prefrontal cortex, dopamine C. Nucleus accumbens, dopamine D. amygdala, dopamine E. amygdala, serotonin

C. Nucleus accumbens, dopamine

A major problem with the set-point theory of body weight regulation is that it A. cannot explain the effects of satiety peptides. B. cannot explain how LH lesions increase hunger. C. cannot explain the increasing prevalence of obesity. D. is too parsimonious. E. is too vague

C. cannot explain the increasing prevalence of obesity

The animal model that best approximates human drug addiction is the: A. conditioned tolerance model. B. contingent tolerance model. C. drug self-administration paradigm. D. drug withdrawal syndrome E. conditioned place preference paradigm.

C. drug self-administration paradigm.

In epileptic patients who do not experience convulsions, the diagnosis of epilepsy rests heavily on A. postmortem evidence. B. the analysis of blood samples. C. electroencephalographic evidence. D. angiograms. E. CT scans.

C. electroencephalographic evidence.

The brain inflammation resulting from an infection is termed: A. general paresis. B. dementia. C. encephalitis. D. meningitis. E. tardive dyskinesia.

C. encephalitis

The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that A. depressed people have high levels of monoamine. B. depressed people have low levels of monoamine. C. most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists. D. most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists. E. both A and D

C. most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

According to the text, many people who live in modern industrialized societies have difficulty eating a diet with enough vitamins and minerals because: A. during evolution they lost their ability to associate taste with outcome. B. conditioned taste aversions inevitably override the effects of positive learning. C. they eat too many different flavors each day for their systems to learn the relation between the flavor of a food and its effects. D. humans have lost the ability to taste vitamins and minerals. E. taste is overpowered by olfaction.

C. they eat too many different flavors each day for their systems to learn teh relation between the flavor of a food and its effects.

The clinical effectiveness of typical neuroleptic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to A. dopamine. B. glutamate receptors. C. D1 receptors. D. D2 receptors. E. autoreceptors.

D. D2 receptors.

When exposure to one drug leads to tolerance of similar drugs it is called: A. like tolerance. B. adaptation. C. numbing tolerance. D. cross tolerance. E. bad trips.

D. cross tolerance

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are a result of a lack of normal behavior or ability are called: A. hallucinations. B. delusions. C. positive. D. negative. E. neutral.

D. negative

After repeated drug use, there is decreased responsiveness at the site of action

Funcitonal Tolerance

Seizures that involve both tonic and clonic convulsions.

Grand Mal Seizures

The movement disorder associated with severe dementia.

Huntington's Disease

These differences in hemispheric activity have been seen in people suffering from depression.

Increased acitivty in the right hemisphere and decreased activity in the left hemisphere.

Glucose entry into cells increases in the presence of this substance.

Insulin

People suffering from SAD are traditionally prescribed this

Light-box Therapy

The most common drug prescribed for bipolar disorder.

Lithium

The class of drugs that blocks the enzyme that metabolized serotonin.

MAOIs

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are a result of a lack of a normal behavior or ability.

Negative Symptoms

Animals will repeatedly self-administer microinjections of addictive drugs into this brain area.

Nucleus Accumbens

This class of drugs has been used medicinally as an analgesic.

Opiates

The disorder associated with damage to the substancia nigra.

Parkinson's Disease

The area that shows consistent signs of deficit in schizophrenia and matures slowest.

Prefrontal Cortex

The main advantage of psychotherapy over drug-therapy in the treatment fo depression.

Prevents Relapse

This theory states that we are drawn to eat by the anticipated pleasure of eating.

The Positive-Incentive Perspective

The sensory deficits that people with schizophrenia experience are largely due to abnormal activity in this area.

The Thalamus

The main site for absorption of digested food into the bloodstream.

The intestines

Decreased sensitivity to a drug as a consequence of exposure to it.

Tolerance

This class of anti-depressants acts on the NTs Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine

Tricyclics