PY 361 Chapter 9: Internal Regulation

Angiotensin II acts on the kidney to retain more sodium.

False

Shella has trouble regulating her insulin levels. What might happen if her levels got high?

Glucose entry into the cells increases.

What kind of thirst is produced by an increased concentration of solutes in the blood?

Osmotic

The tendency of water to flow across a semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration is termed ____.

Osmotic Pressure

A Danish study correlating the weights of 540 adopted children with various adoptive and biological relatives found ____.

a higher correlation with biological relatives than adoptive relatives

Luigi got a deep cut on his foot and started losing a lot of blood. To compensate, his body released ____ to _____ his blood pressure while he was waiting for help to arrive.

angiotensinogen; ?

A common misconception is that eating turkey increases the body's supply of ____, which enables the brain to make chemicals that make you sleepy.

tryptophan

Approximately what percent of the mammalian body is composed of water?

70 percent

Lora is sick and has developed a fever. Why might this be helpful for her?

A slight fever activates the immune system and makes it harder for bacteria to survive.

What does the eating cycle of bulimia have in common with addictive drugs?

Both activate the brain's reinforcement areas.

Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells?

Insulin

Hal is experiencing osmotic thirst. He should drink pure water.

True

Obese people tend to produce more insulin than people of normal weight.

True

Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?

Vasopressin

The large intestine ____.

absorbs water and minerals

The brain finds out about the degree of stretch of the stomach from ____.

activity of the vagus nerve

Homeostasis is to ____ as allostasis is to ____.

constant ; variable

Axons from the satiety-sensitive cells of the arcuate nucleus deliver an _____ message to the paraventricular nucleus, releasing ______.

excitatory; melanocortins

Fructose, used in corn syrup as a sweetener, may lead to increased obesity by ____.

failing to trigger satiety

Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with ____.

ghrelin

Professor Wang is lecturing on digestion and eating behaviors. He tells the class that the pancreas makes _____ and ____ that regulate the flow of glucose into the cells.

glucagon; insulin

The term ____ refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range.

homeothermic

Dinah's body has produced aldosterone so that she _____.

is able to conserve sodium

A fever ____.

is part of the body's defense against an illness

The POA/AH monitors body temperature partly by monitoring ____.

its own temperature

Output from the paraventricular nucleus acts on the ____.

lateral hypothalamus

Homeothermic organisms include ____.

mammals and birds

Small birds generally eat ____.

only what they need at the moment

After damage in and around the ventromedial hypothalamus, animals are more likely to ____.

overeat and gain weight

After damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus, an animal will most likely ____.

overeat when presented with a sweetened diet

Hunger and satiety-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus affect neurons in the ____, thereby affecting meal size.

paraventricular nucleus

Tryptophan enters the brain by an active-transport protein that it shares with ____ and other large amino acids.

phenylalanine

Taste and other mouth sensations contribute to ____.

satiety

What is the main site for absorption of digested food into the bloodstream?

small intestine