PY201 Chapter 9

Charles has Alzheimer's disease. What can Charles and his family expect in the coming years? Charles will lose control of his motor movements. Charles will experience progressive deterioration of his mental functioning. Charles's cognitive function will decline initially but then improve. Charles can be cured by taking medication.

Charles will experience progressive deterioration of his mental functioning.

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? a. formal operational b. post-conventional c. conventional d. pre-conventional

D

Fifteen-year-old Mareek believes that other people are as interested in him as he is. This reflects which aspect of adolescent cognitive development? a. imaginary audience b. animistic thinking c. centration d. personal fable

D

The primary finding from the Harlows' study of rhesus monkeys was that _____ is a stronger determinant of attachment than food. a. temperament b. culture c. imprinting d. contact comfort

D

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? a. disorganized b. resistant c. avoidant d. secure

D

Which of the following is the leading cause of dementia? a. Parkinson's disease b. Chronic alcoholism c. Strokes d. Alzheimer's disease

D

What is the correct order of stages of prenatal development? a. fetal, germinal, embryonic b. embryonic, germinal, fetal c. embryonic, fetal, germinal d. germinal, embryonic, fetal

D germinal, embryonic, fetal

Fifteen-year-old Mareek believes that other people are as interested in him as he is. This reflects which aspect of adolescent cognitive development? personal fable Answers: animistic thinking personal fable imaginary audience centration

Imaginary audience

What do developmental psychologists study? Physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of development over the entire lifespan. They only conduct research on the development of adults who are 18-years-old or older. They only conduct research on prenatal development. Their research is limited to the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of child development (from birth to age 18).

Physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of development over the entire lifespan.

April touches the cheek of her two-month old daughter, Harriet. In response, Harriet turns her head toward the touch in search of her mother's breast. Harriet is demonstrating the _____ reflex. Rooting Palmer grasp Babinski Rooting Moro

Rooting

Ari is three-years old and believes the moon has feelings. He is sure to tell the moon goodnight before he goes to bed. Ari is demonstrating: a. animistic thinking. b. conservation. c. centration. d. irreversibility.

A

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? a. permissive b. authoritative c. authoritarian d. Freudian

A

______ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. a. Cognitive b. Psychosocial c. Emotional d. Artistic

A

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. a. Physical b. Cognitive c. Learning d. Psychosocial

A

Charles has Alzheimer's disease. What can Charles and his family expect in the coming years? a. Charles will experience progressive deterioration of his mental functioning. b. Charles can be cured by taking medication. c. Charles will lose control of his motor movements. d. Charles's cognitive function will decline initially but then improve.

A Charles will experience progressive deterioration of his mental functioning.

Joe is three-years-old and highly egocentric. He understands object permanence but does not yet understand conservation. Joe is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development. a. preoperational b. sensorimotor c. concrete operational d. formal operational

A preoperational

Which of the following is the leading cause of dementia? Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Chronic alcoholism Strokes

Alzheimer's disease

Robin's parents are incredibly strict and rarely show her love and affection. What type of parenting style do Robin's parents have? Permissive Authoritarian Authoritative Disorganized

Authoritarian

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. a. Abraham Maslow b. Erik Erikson c. Lawrence Kohlberg d. Jean Piaget

B

April touches the cheek of her two-month old daughter, Harriet. In response, Harriet turns her head toward the touch in search of her mother's breast. Harriet is demonstrating the _____ reflex. a. Palmer grasp b. Rooting c. Babinski d. Moro

B

Katie's best friend, Jasmine, just had a baby. When Katie touches the baby's palm, he grabs her finger. Although Katie finds this incredibly cute, she knows that the baby is just demonstrating the _____ reflex. a. rooting b. Palmer grasp c. Babinski d. Moro

B

Leila is nine-months old and has an irritable disposition. She has difficulty sleeping through the night and her mother has been unable to get Leila on a regular feeding schedule. Leila's mother works from home and Leila cries whenever her mother's clients come over to the house. How would you describe Leila's temperament? a. Easy b. Difficult c. Slow-to-warm-up d. Disorganized

B

Rachel and her daughter, Emma, are participating in a replication of Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Emma paid little attention to Rachel when she was in the room. When Rachel leaves the room, Emma shows little distress. Finally, when Rachel returns, Emma ignored her. Based on Emma's behavior, it is most likely that Emma has a(n) _____ attachment style. a. insecure-resistant b. insecure-avoidant c. disorganized d. secure

B

Robin's parents are incredibly strict and rarely show her love and affection. What type of parenting style do Robin's parents have? a. Disorganized b. Authoritarian c. Authoritative d. Permissive

B

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? a. cognitive capacity b. genes and biology c. language acquisition d. environment and culture

B

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? a. biology b. environment and culture c. sexual preference d. genetics

B

What is the primary determinant of a child's attachment style? a. The culture they grow up in. b. The consistency with which their needs are met by their caregiver. c. The attachment style(s) of the child's caregiver(s). d. The child's intelligence.

B

Which of the following illustrates conservation? a.Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesnâ t realize that he is wasting water that way. b. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. c. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesnâ t know the value of either coin by itself. d. Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesnâ t think they can be recycled.

B

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. permissive d. disorganized

B

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. a. Artistic b. Cognitive c. Psychosocial d. Emotional

B

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because her family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________. a. egocentrism b. assimilation c. accommodation d. centration

B Assimilation

Moral reasoning based on conformity with social rules is characteristic of which level of moral development? a. preconventional b. conventional c. formal operational d. postconventional

B conventional

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look daddy, apples!" His father tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. accommodation Answers: accommodation seriation reversibility assimilation

accommodation

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because her family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________. accommodation egocentrism centration assimilation

assimilation

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory. a. unidirectional b. continuous c. discontinuous d. bidirectional

c

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? a. concrete operational b. sensorimotor c. formal operational d. preoperational

c Formal operational

Billie's parents tell him to share his candy bar with his younger sister, Max. At first, he breaks the candy bar into five even pieces and gives her two pieces while keeping three for himself. When she complains that he did not share the candy bar fairly, he breaks one of her pieces into two. Max is satisfied now that they both have three pieces of the candy bar. What concept does Billie understand that Max doesn't, allowing him to trick her? conservation egocentrism theory of mind object permanence

conservation

The primary finding from the Harlows' study of rhesus monkeys was that _____ is a stronger determinant of attachment than food. temperament contact comfort imprinting culture

contact comfort

Moral reasoning based on conformity with social rules is characteristic of which level of moral development? conventional Answers: postconventional conventional formal operational preconventional

conventional

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? environment and culture biology genetics sexual preference

environment and culture

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? concrete operational preoperational sensorimotor formal operational

forma; operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? language acquisition environment and culture genes and biology cognitive capacity

genes and biology

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? authoritarian permissive Freudian authoritative

permissive

A ________ is a concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret information. category prototype schema cognition

schema

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? secure resistant disorganized avoidant

secure

According to Jean Piaget, children do not yet understand object permanence at the beginning of the _____ stage of cognitive development. sensorimotor Answers: preoperational formal operational sensorimotor concrete operational

sensorimotor

According to Jean Piaget, children do not yet understand object permanence at the beginning of the _____ stage of cognitive development. sensorimotor formal operational concrete operational preoperational

sensorimotor

What is the correct order of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development? sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational sensorimotor; formal operational; preoperational; concrete operational preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational; sensorimotor preoperational; concrete operational; sensorimotor; formal operational

sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look daddy, apples!" His father tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. a. seriation b. assimilation c. accommodation d. reversibility

C

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? a. egocentrism b. reversibility c. object permanence d. stranger anxiety

C

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving. a. depression b. anger c. bargaining d. denial

C

What do developmental psychologists study? a. Their research is limited to the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of child development (from birth to age 18). b. They only conduct research on prenatal development. c. Physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of development over the entire lifespan. d. They only conduct research on the development of adults who are 18-years-old or older.

C

____ are environmental agents that may harm the developing baby, such as smoking, drinking, or pollution. a. Pesticides b. Narcotics c. Teratogens d. Toxins

C

Declining in middle and later adulthood, the ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as: a. practical intelligence. b. general intelligence. c. fluid intelligence. d. crystallized intelligence.

C Fluid intelligence

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? a. reversibility b. conservation c. egocentrism d. abstract thought

C egocentrism

Leila is nine-months old and has an irritable disposition. She has difficulty sleeping through the night and her mother has been unable to get Leila on a regular feeding schedule. Leila's mother works from home and Leila cries whenever her mother's clients come over to the house. How would you describe Leila's temperament? Difficult Slow-to-warm-up Easy Disorganized

Difficult

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. Lawrence Kohlberg Erik Erikson Abraham Maslow Jean Piaget

Erik Erikson

Declining in middle and later adulthood, the ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as: general intelligence. fluid intelligence. practical intelligence. crystallized intelligence.

Fluid intelligence

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? reversibility egocentrism stranger anxiety object permanence

Object permanence

Katie's best friend, Jasmine, just had a baby. When Katie touches the baby's palm, he grabs her finger. Although Katie finds this incredibly cute, she knows that the baby is just demonstrating the _____ reflex. rooting Palmer grasp Babinski Moro

Palmer grasp

_____ are environmental agents that may harm the developing baby, such as smoking, drinking, or pollution. Pesticides Toxins Narcotics Teratogens

Teratogens

What is the primary determinant of a child's attachment style? The consistency with which their needs are met by their caregiver. The attachment style(s) of the child's caregiver(s). The culture they grow up in. The child's intelligence.

The consistency with which their needs are met by their caregiver.

Billie's parents tell him to share his candy bar with his younger sister, Max. At first, he breaks the candy bar into five even pieces and gives her two pieces while keeping three for himself. When she complains that he did not share the candy bar fairly, he breaks one of her pieces into two. Max is satisfied now that they both have three pieces of the candy bar. What concept does Billie understand that Max doesn't, allowing him to trick her? a. conservation b. egocentrism c. theory of mind d. object permanence

a conservation

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory. discontinuous continuous bidirectional unidirectional

discontinuous

Rachel and her daughter, Emma, are participating in a replication of Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Emma paid little attention to Rachel when she was in the room. When Rachel leaves the room, Emma shows little distress. Finally, when Rachel returns, Emma ignored her. Based on Emma's behavior, it is most likely that Emma has a(n) _____ attachment style. insecure-resistant insecure-avoidant secure disorganized

insecure-avoidant

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality. post-conventional conventional post-conventional concrete operational

post-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? post-conventional conventional formal operational

pre-conventional