PY385 Ch. 11

Within the realm of conversational speech, knowledge often refers to the

previously understood information that we bring into the conversation

When the front part of a sentence can be interpreted more than one way, but the end of the sentence clarifies which meaning is correct, we say that sentence is an example of

speech segmentation

From the perspective of the listener, as a person speaks, each sentence is often characterized by ______ until the sentence is completed.

ambiguity

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

anaphoric reference

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results showed the importance of __________ in how we understand sentences in real-life situations

environmental context

Noam Chomsky proposed that

humans are genetically programmed to acquire and use language

Chaz is listening to his grandma reminisce about the first time she danced with his grandpa 60 years ago. When his grandma says, "It seemed like the song would play forever," Chaz understands that it is more likely his grandma was listening to a radio playing and not a CD. This understanding requires Chaz use a(n)

instrument inference

If human speech is represented as a string of taffy on a candy-making assembly line, then what function does speech segmentation serve at the candy factory?

it cuts the taffy into pieces

Lilo can't wait for school to start. this year is the first time she gets to take a foreign language class, and she is taking Japanese. Dr. Nabuto is a professor interested in studying how people learn additional languages later in life, and he is including Lilo's class in his research. Dr. Nabuto is most likely studying

language acquisition

Ron is an avid reader. He has a large vocabulary because every time he comes across a word he doesn't know, he looks it up in the dictionary. Ron encounters "wanderlust" in a novel, reaches for the dictionary, and finds out this word means "desire to travel." The process of looking up unfamiliar words increases Ron's

lexicon

Dictionaries commonly list the multiple definitions of a particular word in a numbered list, with the first definition as #1, the next definition is #2, and so on. Which concept does this reflect?

meaning dominance

Ty has finished work on his doctoral dissertation. He studied how most adults understand words, specifically the priming effects of categorically related words, and submitted a proposal to be included in a psychological conference to present his work to his peers. Presentations at the conference are grouped based on the particular topic in psychology under consideration. It is most likely that Ty's work will be presented in a conference session on

psycholinguistics

B.F. Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through

reinforcement

Which of the following terms best describes the concept of entrainment?

similarity

Which of the following is a nonverbal component of communication?

theory of mind