pysch test #2

which of the following is true about sensory memory

it usually holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time

when one multi-tasks there is

less sustained attention

The auditory pathways go from the cochlea to the inferior colliculus in the brain stem and from there to the ________ of the thalamus.

medial geniculate nucleus

Which of the following is a form of mental training that can be used to calm the mind, stabilize concentration, or enhance awareness of the present moment?

meditation

is the ability to store and use info

memory

To remember the four bases found in DNA—thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine—Luke makes up a sentence using the first letter from each base as the first letters for his words, repeating to himself, "The Girl Ate Cookies." Which of the following did Luke use in this scenario?

mnemonic device

Each concept or association in a network is referred to as a:

node

The structure composed of the axons of ganglion cells from the retina that carry visual information from the eye to the brain is known as the ________.

optic nerve

is a complex emotional and sensory experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

pain

is the act of organizing and interpreting sensory experience

perception

defined as the effect of frame of mind on perception

perceptual set

Oscar is trying to remember the names of people he meets at his new job. He says he will remember the name of his co-worker Trish, because she always has a dish of candy on her desk, and "Trish" rhymes with "dish." This is an example of ______ processing.

phonemic

in baddeley's model of short-term memory, the ___ assists the central executive by providing extra storage for a limited number of digits or words for up to 30 seconds at a time

phonological loop

While studying ______________ processing, researchers ask questions such as "Is the word in capital letters?"

structural

What happens when one learns something new and stores it as short-term or long-term memory?

synapatic connections get strengthened

in the brain, the first major structure involved in processing bodily sensations is the ________, which relays the impulses to the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes.

thalamus

which of the following best describes sustained attention

the ability to maintain focused awareness on a target or an idea

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development—from the earliest stage to the latest stage?

Zygote, germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage

In a certain experiment, a research subject is supposed to hear the sound of a bell. The sound of the bell that the research subject can hear in 50 percent the trials is his ________.

absolute threshold

In the context of controlling pain, ________ are a class of drugs prescribed for severe pain by physicians. The term means "without pain."

analgesics

Teratogen

any substance that disrupts normal prenatal development.

Mothers who _______________ are more likely to have infants who are temperamentally "difficult" and "fussy."

are depressed or anxious

Because some fibers of the olfactory bulb are directly connected to the amygdala, some smells we encounter:

are strongly connected to specific memories and emotions

the pinnae collect and funnel sounds into a passage known as the

auditory canal

___ processing happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task

automatic

The monitoring of information from the environment and from one's own thoughts is termed as:

awareness

the key event that distinguishes the embryonic stage from the third stage, fetal stage, formation of the

bone cells

the __ takes the longest amount of time to develop

central nervous system

The Gestalt law of ________ occurs when we perceive a whole object in the absence of complete information.

closure

Nina is attending a get-together where she has to struggle to listen to a conversation with her colleague due to a lot of background noise. However, her ears prick up as soon as she hears her name being mentioned by someone in another part of the room and, consequently, she loses the thread of conversation with her colleague. Which of the following terms best describes the experience Nina has?

cocktail party effect

is an unusual degree of loss in cognitive functions and includes memory problems and difficulty reasoning, solving problems, making decisions, and using language.

dementia

A flawed belief that physicians had about anyone who was vegetative was that the individual:

does NOT react to stimuli from the environment

Epigenetics is the study of how __

environment affects gene expression

Janice and Brandon are siblings. Janice asks Brandon if he heard her cell phone ring. Brandon tells her that it did not ring. Janice, convinced that she heard her cell phone ring, rushes to her room to check, but she finds that the phone actually did not ring. Signal detection theorists would label Janice's perception of the cell phone ringing as a ________

false alarm

People from Western cultures often tend to focus on ________ in their visual perceptions of the world.

foreground objects

The ________ theory of pain proposes that the spinal cord regulates the experience of pain by either opening or closing neural channels that are involved in pain sensations that get sent to the brain.

gate control

Erik Erikson proposed that in midlife one confronts the crisis between ____________.

generativitys versus stagnation

The ____________ stage of development begins at conception and lasts for two weeks.

germinal

memory consolidation takes place in the

hippocampus

___ memory is a brief visual record left on the retina of the eye

iconic

the optic nerve carries impulses to the thalamus and, ultimately, to the ________ of the occipital lobes.

visual cortex

when does an individual attain a flow state

When he/she thrives in his/her ability to rise to the occasion of challenging tasks.

The Gestalt law of ________ says that we tend to group together objects that are near one another.

proximity

The inability to remember the name of a person only minutes after meeting her, even if he repeats her name immediately after hearing it, is a common __________ problem.

retrieval

acts as a filter through which one encodes and organizes information about one's world.

schemas

is the stimulation of our sense organs by the outer world.

sensation

Kenny's office is located on a busy street. In the past, he used to feel constantly disturbed by traffic noise during working hours. However, over time, he has stopped being aware of its stimulation because he sits in the same office every day. In this scenario, Kenny is experiencing ________.

sensory adaptation

___ memory is also called working memory, because it is the part of memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand

short-term

________ takes into account both stimulus intensity and the decision-making processes people use in detecting a stimulus.

signal detection theory

synaptic pruning refers to the process during which

the rarely synapses dies off to make the brain more efficient

Which of the following is true regarding alcohol consumption of the mother during pregnancy?

there is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Jimmy is taking his 7th grade exam in which he is asked to give one word for a set of given explanations. Though he knows the words for the answer and is confident about recollecting them, he is unable to recall them at that particular time. Which of the following terms refer to Jimmy's experience?

tip of tongue phenomenon

the eardrum is also known as the

tympanic membrane

Which of the following best describes the circadian rhythm?

variations in physiological processes that cycle within approximately a 24-hour period