Pysch Test 4
Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?
A teenager keeps his room clean because his parents appreciate it.
According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is a characteristic of children in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
Children need to develop feelings of self-control over physical functions.
The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test.
False
phallic stage
Freud believed that the Oedipus complex develops in the__________of psychosexual development.
Which of the following is true of the trait theory?
It focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their origins.
__________is also termed as modeling.
Observational learning
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
_____ can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.
Personality
Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?
Social relationships
Which of the following tests is an example of an objective personality test?
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
__________are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior.
Traits
Type A people:
are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive.
Suppose a person is fired and he harbors beliefs such as: "This job was the most important thing in my life," "What a no-good failure I am," "My family will starve," "I'll never find a job as good," "There's nothing I can do about it." According to Albert Ellis, such irrational beliefs contribute to anxiety and depression by:
catastrophizing the extent of loss.
The seeds of individualism and collectivism are found in the__________in which a person grows up.
culture
Lisa is a single parent of three children. Every day, she cooks, prepares her children for school, and takes care of the household. She also has a demanding job that she does not like, but cannot quit as she is concerned about meeting the household expenses. Lisa's condition best exemplifies _____.
daily hassles
According to Erik Erikson, adolescents who do not develop__________may experience role diffusion.
ego identity
According to psychologist Erik Erikson, late adulthood is the stage of _____.
ego integrity versus despair
When an individual experiences fatigue because of ongoing stress and becomes ill, he or she has most likely reached the__________of the general adaptation syndrome.
exhaustion stage
In the context of stress, predictability is of greater benefit to
externals-that is, to people who wish to exercise control over their situations-than to internals.
The__________is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
formal operational stage
Eugene believes that he can bring about positive change in his life through his own efforts. Psychologists would say that Eugene _____.
has high self-efficacy expectations
According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills when they are in the stage of__________.
initiative versus guilt
Freud believed that the Electra complex develops in the__________of psychosexual development.
phallic stage
The __________ mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them.
preconscious
According to Piaget, the__________is the second stage of cognitive development in children.
preoperational stage
The theories of Sigmund Freud formed the basis of the _____ of personality.
psychodynamic theories
Many health problems are affected by__________such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior.
psychological factors
Skinner believed that the effects of__________on behavior should be emphasized.
reinforcement
Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes__________.
self-awareness
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the__________functions according to the moral principle.
superego
According to Ainsworth, securely attached children:
seek interaction with their mother upon reunion after separation.
When comparing the human mind to an iceberg, Freud labeled the region of the iceberg that pokes into the light of awareness the _____ part of the mind.
conscious
Which of the following is true of the learning theorists?
They emphasize the importance of environmental conditions as determinants of behavior.
A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places a toy in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son starts searching for the toy. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?
Object permanence
The__________is the first stage in a group of bodily changes that occur in the general adaptation syndrome.
alarm reaction stage
According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism,__________, agreeableness, and openness to experience.
conscientiousness
The__________is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall.
germinal stage
According to Freud, the__________represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious.
id
According to a research by Kohlberg, children at the preconventional level base their moral judgments on _____.
the consequences of behavior
Erikson labeled the first stage of psychosocial development in his theory of personality development as the stage of _____.
trust versus mistrust
According to Selye's theory, if the alarm reaction mobilizes the body and the related stressor is not removed, we enter the__________stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). This stage precedes the last stage of the GAS.
resistance
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called__________.
self-actualization