Q1 APUSH Test

On July 1st, 1787, Gunning Bedford of Delaware said," I do not, Gentleman, trust you. If you possess the power, the abuse of it could not be checked; and what then would prevent you from exercising it to our destruction?...Sooner than be ruined, there are foreign powers who will take us by the hand. Mr. Bedford made this point because he was concerned that the abuse of power would stem from_________? a. Proportional Representation b. Equal Representation c. A Strong Standing Army d. Alliances with Foreign Powers

a. Proportional Representation

Fill in the blank. A Philadelphian lady asked Dr. Benjamin Franklin what type of government the Constitutional Convention created, he responded," A _____________________, if we can keep it." a. Republic b. Democracy c. Monarchy d. Confederation

a. Republic

The American President being chosen by an Electoral College system has only two historical precedents. Select one of the two positions that utilize a system similar to the Electoral College. a.Roman Catholic Pope b. Powhatan Chief c. Dali Llama d. Mongol Khan e. North Korean "Great Leader"

a. Roman Catholic Pope

Fill in the blank If there is a tie in the Electoral College then the ________ votes to decide the president. a. Senate b. House of Representatives c. Vice-President d. Supreme Court

a. Senate

Virginia Governor Edmund Randolph explained that, "A man of abilities and character and not his religious creed should be the basis for holding office." This idea may have presented the ground work for which American ideal? a. Separation of Church and State b. Freedom of Speech c. All Men are Created Equal d. Pursuit of Happiness

a. Separate of Church and State

Benjamin proposed the Albany Plan in 1754 to form a Union among the 13 colonies. Select the BEST response for why the Albany Plan did not pass. a. The colonial assemblies were unwilling to forfeit any of their sovereignty. b. The Iroquois Confederation did not accept the gifts provided by the delegation. c. Colonel Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity d. The King wanted the government to be stronger in the colonies to oppose Native American hostilities.

a. The colonial assemblies were unwilling to forfeit any of their sovereignty

Henry Hudson is known as a. the explorer who deserted his own country b. a "Navigator's Navigator" c. the captain who found the Northwest Passage d. the founder of New York City

a. the explorer who deserted his own country

As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for a. a two-term presidential limit b. a presidential cabinet c. the direct election of senators d. political parties e. an electoral college

an electoral college

"As touching the quality of this country , three thinges there bee, which in few yeares may bring this Colony to perfection; the English plough, Vineyards, & Cattle .. . . "All our riches for the present doe consiste in Tobacco, wherein one man by his owne laboour hath in one yeare, raised to himself to the value of 200 sterling; and another by the means of sixe seruants ha.th cleared at one crop a thou sand pound english. These be true , yet indeed rare examples , yet possible to be done by others. Our principa.ll wealth (I should ha.ue said) consisteth in servants: but they are chargeable to be furnished with armes, apparel, & bedding , and for their transportation, and casua.ll both at sea, & for their first year commonly at la.nde also: but if they escape, they proove very hardy, and sound able men." -John Pory, Secretary of Virginia, Letter to Sir Dudley Carlton, 1619 The primary market for the Virginia tobacco crop during this period was a. Virginia b. England c. Africa d. New England

b. England

With the history of powerful and unaccountable executive power in mind, Georg Mason argued,"Shall any man be above Justice? Shall the man who has practiced corruption & by that means procured his appointment in the first instance, be allowed to escape punishment?" What check on power was Mason arguing for? a. Veto b. Impeachment c. Recount of electoral votes d. Assassination

b. Impeachment

The Second Great Awakening did which of the following? a. It produced increased respect for civil authority. b. It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity. c. It resulted in a sharp decline in church membership. d. It emphasized reason and logic over emotionalism in religious matters. e. It increased Protestant toleration for Catholics and Jews.

b. It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity

Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention? a. It was a revised version of the English Constitution. b. It was built on a series of compromises. c. It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote. d. It included a Bill of Rights. e. It provided exact specifications covering all aspects of government.

b. It was built on a series of compromises

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his a. devotion to new methods of cartography b. previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution c. admiration of France's military power d. veto of funding for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's expedition e. disdain for involvement in a foreign country's affairs

b. previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

The goal of the American Colonization Society was to a. promote western expansion by funding internal improvements b. return freed slaves to Africa c. extend United States influence to overseas colonies d. assimilate recent immigrants into American society e. recruit immigrant labor for American factories

b. return freed slaves to Africa

James Horn, author of "Why Jamestown Matters" believes that if the Virginia Company had pulled out of Jamestown a. they could have cut their losses, and reinvested in a more suitable location, greatly diminishing the death toll that was Jamestown. b. the English might never have established themselves as the major colonial power on the mainland. c. the colonies at Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay would have "infected" a religious fervor throughout the North and South. d. a more militaristic group of settlers would have taken their place, with a much higher likelihood of success and survival.

b. the English might never have established themselves as the major colonial power on the mainland

All of the following accurately describe Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France EXCEPT: It violated Jefferson's own views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution. a. It showed Jefferson's considerable flexibility in dealing with foreign policy. b. It opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers. c. It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements. d. It was made possible by the failure of Napoleon's forces to suppress a slave revolt in Haiti.

c. It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements

Who drafted the Virginia Plan? Who presented the Virginia Plan to the Convention? a. Benjamin Franklin drafted; George Washington presented b. James Madison drafted; Charles Pinckney presented c. James Madison drafted; Edmund Randolph presented d. Thomas Jefferson drafted; James Madison presented

c. James Madison drafted; Edmund Randolph presented

"For a nation thus abused to arise unanimously and to resist their prince, even to dethroning him, is not criminal but a reasonable way of vindicating their liberties and just rights ; it is making use of the means , and the only means, which God has put into their -power for mutual and self-defense .... "To conclude , let us all learn to be free and to be loyal. . . . But let us remember . .. government is sacred and not to be trifled with. It is our happiness to live under the government of a prince who is satisfied with ruling according to law ... . Let us prize our freedom but not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. There are men who strike at liberty under the term licentiousness. There are others who aim at popularity under the disguise of patriotism. Be aware of both. Extremes are dangerous." -Jonathan Mayhew, church minister, "On Unlimited Submission to Rulers," 1750 Mathew would probably apply his warning, "not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness" to a. the Mayflower Compact b. the Act of Toleration c. the Zenger case d. Bacon's Rebellion

d. Bacon's Rebellion

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT a. establishment of the Bank of the United States b. imposition of a tax on distilled liquor c. nullification of all private debts to the states d. funding of the national debt e. assumption of all state debts

c. nullification of all private debts to the states

Which of the following was not an initial result of interaction between Spanish explorers and Native Americans? a. Plants from South and Central America being sent back to Europe b. Diseases that killed many of the Native Americans c. Spread of Catholicism among Native Americans d. Domestication by Native Americans of animals brought by Spanish explorers

d. Domestication by Native Americans of animals brought by Spanish explorers

"I have not the least doubt that the Negroes will make very excellent soldiers with proper management.... I foresee that this project will have to combat much opposition from prejudice and self-interest. The contempt we have been taught to entertain for the black makes us fancy many things that are founded neither in reason nor experience; and an unwillingness to part with property of so valuable a kind will furnish a thousand arguments to show the impracticability of pernicious tendency of a scheme which requires such a sacrifice. But it should be considered that if we do not make use of them in this way, the enemy probably will...An essential part of the plan is to give them their freedom with their muskets." --Alexander Hamilton, "A Proposal to Arm and Then Free the Negroes," 1779 To encourage African Americans to fight, Hamilton suggested in the excerpt that they should be promised a. equal wages with white soldiers b. an end to prejudice c. effective leadership from officers d. emancipation from slavery

d. Emancipation from slavery

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the central and western areas of New York were known as the "burned-over district" because a. the area had not recovered from the devastation of the War of 1812 b. terrible fires had followed the clear-cut logging by pioneers in that part of the state c. of intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening d. the region's economy had never revived after the hardships that followed the Whiskey Rebellion e. American Indian settlements had been completely destroyed as settlers moved in and took over the land

c. of intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to a. reduce federal control of the economy b. restrict federal powers of taxation c. promote business enterprise d. restrict corporate development e. expand state control of economic activity

c. promote business enterprise

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported a. immediate abolition of slavery b. homesteads in the western territories c. restrictions on Catholics' holding public office d. restoration of a national bank e. universal manhood suffrage

c. restrictions on Catholics' holding public office

Slave labor was brought to the Western Hemisphere by colonists because a. Native Americans were unfamiliar with the tools and methods necessary to harvest sugarcane. b. Aztec and Inca leaders had already begun to import slaves even before Spanish explorers arrived. c. there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane. d. the region was lightly populated when the Spanish arrived

c. there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were a. newly arrived immigrants from Ireland b. men who were heads of households c. young unmarried women from rural New England d. free African Americans from urban areas e. married women whose children were of school age

c. young unmarried women from rural New England

Which of the following was not one of the examples of moments economic, social and religious change highlighted in Gary B. Nash's "The Transformation of European Society"? a. The Great Awakening, which was a "cultural crisis". b. A shattering of the "utopian dream" that communities should consist of people who work for the common good. c. Great economic and population grown and an emphasis on aggressive individualism. d. A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy.

d. A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy

The main goal of the American Colonization Society was to promote colonization in a. the American West by eastern American Indians b. Mexico by White Americans c. the Mexican Cession by White Americans d. Africa by free Black persons and former slaves e. Cuba by White Americans

d. Africa by free Black persons and former slaves

David McCullough, in "Why History", stated history a. shows us how to behave. History teaches and reinforces what we believe in, what we stand for, stand up for. b. shows us what choices there are is-or should be-the bedrock of patriotism, not the chest-pounding kind of patriotism but the real thing, love of country c. encourages, as nothing else does, a sense of proportion about life, gives us a sense of how brief is our time on earth and thus how valuable that time is. d. All of the Above e. None of the Above

d. All of the above

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from a. the Mediterranean b. Australia c. Africa d. Asia e. western Europe

d. Asia

"For a nation thus abused to arise unanimously and to resist their prince, even to dethroning him, is not criminal but a reasonable way of vindicating their liberties and just rights ; it is making use of the means , and the only means, which God has put into their -power for mutual and self-defense .... "To conclude , let us all learn to be free and to be loyal. . . . But let us remember . .. government is sacred and not to be trifled with. It is our happiness to live under the government of a prince who is satisfied with ruling according to law ... . Let us prize our freedom but not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. There are men who strike at liberty under the term licentiousness. There are others who aim at popularity under the disguise of patriotism. Be aware of both. Extremes are dangerous." -Jonathan Mayhew, church minister, "On Unlimited Submission to Rulers," 1750 According to Mayhew, the people should be willing to challenge abuses by the a. slave owners b. royal governors c. church ministers d. king

d. king

Those who supported the War of 1812 advanced all of the following rationales for their positions EXCEPT the a. need to safeguard the frontier b. need to defend the honor of the United States c. advisability of acquiring Florida d. obligation to protect Native Americans e. desirability of annexing Canada

d. obligation to protect Native Americans

Thomas Jefferson disagreed with Alexander Hamilton's economic plan primarily because he feared that it would a. make the new nation dependent on foreign markets for its exports b. lead to a military alliance with Great Britain against revolutionary France c. prevent the expansion of slavery to new states d. promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests e. lead to heavy taxes on whiskey producers in Pennsylvania

d. promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the a. number of adult women who could vote b. proportion of states permitted to practice slavery c. number of American Indians allowed citizenship d. rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation e. number of African Americans who could vote

d. rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was a. its members' support for ending legal immigration from eastern Europe b. its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity c. the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools d. the separation of economic production from the home and family life e. the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families

d. the separation of economic production from the home and family life

The very first Americans a. lived in permanent sites b. predated Spain's arrival in the New World by only two centuries c. were subsistence farmers d. were nomadic wanderers

d. were nomadic wanderers

"To understand political power ... we must consider what estate all men are naturally in, and that it is a state of pe1fect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possess ions . .. within the bounds of the law of nature , without asking leave , or depending upon the will of any other man .... "Whosoever therefore out of a state of nature unite into a community must be understood to give up all the power necessary to the ends for which they unite into society, to the majority of the community ... And this is done by barely agreeing to unite into one political society .. .. And thus that which begins and actually constitutes any political society is nothing but the consent of any number of freemen capable of a majority to unite ... . And this is that ... which did or could give beginning to any lawful government in the world." -John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690 Locke's writings had the most direct influence on the a. Great Awakening b. American Revolution c. Mayflower Compact d. Zenger case

b. American Revolution

On June 24th 1787, James Madison presented a proposal to pay congressmen for a full year after the expiration of their term. What was he trying to prevent with this proposal? a. Congressmen becoming poor due to lack of pay. b. Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress. c. High turnover within congress d. Congressmen raising taxes immediately before they left office.

b. Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress

It is inseparably essential to the freedom of a People, and the undoubted Right if Englishmen, that no taxes be imposed on them, but with their own Consent, given personally, or by their representatives... that it is the indispensable duty of these colonies, to the best of sovereigns...to procure the repeal of the act for granting and applying certain stamp duties, of all clauses of any other acts of Parliament...for the restriction of American Commerce. -Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 Which of the following was a direct British response to the colonial views expressed by the Stamp Act Congress? a. Quartering Act for British soldiers b. Declaratory Act stating the right to tax c. Sugar Act taxing luxuries d. Coercive Act closing the port of Boston

b. Declaratory Act stating the right to tax

It is inseparably essential to the freedom of a People, and the undoubted Right if Englishmen, that no taxes be imposed on them, but with their own Consent, given personally, or by their representatives... that it is the indispensable duty of these colonies, to the best of sovereigns...to procure the repeal of the act for granting and applying certain stamp duties, of all clauses of any other acts of Parliament...for the restriction of American Commerce. -Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 For the first time, the Stamp Act placed on the colonies a tax that was ______ a. Indirect b. Direct c. to regulate trade d. to support a church

b. Direct

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies .... "But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic Church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. "Meanwhile, successes in the New World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe 's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well .... Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed .... "The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the run-up in prices." -A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992. Which of the following best describes a central point of A. Kent McDougall's argument above? a. Spanish conquest of the New World Jed Spain to focus its military and diplomatic efforts toward subduing resistance in the New World and removing itself from the conflicts of Europe. b. During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic Church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians. c. The large -scale migration of Spanish peasants to the New World left Spain with a scarcity of workers and a depressed economy. d. The successes of Spanish conquest in the New World did not result in a general economic improvement in Spain itself.

b. During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic Church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians.

Thomas Jefferson believed all of the following EXCEPT: a. A strong national army is essential to keep order in the United States. b. Freedom of speech is essential in a republic. c. The government is best that governs least. d. The president should practice republican simplicity. e. The farmer is the backbone of American society.

a. A strong national army is essential to keep order in the United States

"Be it therefore ordered and enacted .... That whatsoever person or persons within this Province . .. shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is, curse Him or shall deny our Savior Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, or shall deny the Holy Trinity ... or the Godhead of any of the said Three persons of the Trinity or the Unity of the Godhead ... shall be punished with death and confiscation or forfeiture of all his or her lands .... And whereas ... that no person or persons whatsoever within this province, or the islands, ports, harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be any way troubled , molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 Which of the following best summarizes the attitude toward religious beliefs expressed in this document? a. Christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution b. Religion was a personal matter that the government should not try to influence c. All individuals should be free to believe or not believe in God as they wished d. The colony should be reserved for the one specific type of Christianity approved by the local government officials

a. Christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution

Fill in the blank: The shaping of a draft constitution was placed today in the hands of five delegates, elected as a ________________ to draw up a document "comfortable to the Resolutions passes by the convention. (Hint: This is the second committee created) a. Committee of Detail b. Grand Committee c. Review Committee d. Supreme Committee e. Committee of Style

a. Committee of Detail

President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to a. French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance b. Canadian alliances with northern American Indians c. Dutch economic activity in the mid-Atlantic states d. English boycotts of selected American manufactures e. Spanish expansion in the Southeast

a. French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance

Which of the following is true of the case of Marbury v. Madison ? a. It affirmed the principle of judicial review. b. It supported Thomas Jefferson in his claim to have "executive review." c. It determined the Senate's right to "advise and consent." d. It backed William Marbury in his request for a bank charter. e. It established that Congress had the sole right to formulate national legislation.

a. It affirmed the principle of judicial review

The United States went to war in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to a. stop the British from searching and seizing American ships b. prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory c. appease members of Congress who advocated war d. end British claims for repayment of Loyalist debt e. deal with conflicts between settlers and American Indians in the Northwest Territory

b. prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory

How did Indians shape their environments? a. Millennia of exuberant burning shaped the plains into vast buffalo farms. b. By spreading crop disease across the continent through gradual trade. c. Indians borrowed hillside terraforming techniques from Asian explorers which are still in use in Peru today. d. By working with natural bodies of water to spread irrigation hundreds of miles across the plains.

a. Millennia of exuberant burning shaped the plains into vast buffalo farms.

A distinguishing feature of American society in the early nineteenth century was the a. increasing readership of newspapers b. lack of enthusiasm for religious reform c. dislike of voluntary associations d. creation of original forms of art and architecture e. embrace of an aristocratic hierarchy

a. increasing readership of newspapers

The most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson's policies was his a. reduction of the size of the military b. reduction of the national debt c. adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France d. handling of the Barbary Coast pirates e. advocacy of territorial expansion

c. adherence to neutrality and dealing with England and France

The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that a. relied on the use of power-driven machinery b. promoted more cooperation between labor unions and factory owners c. utilized wireless communications to improve efficiency d. gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative e. relied on guilds to train artisans

a. relied on the use of power-driven machinery

In "The Strange Death of Silas Deane" the authors stress that history is a. the act of selecting, analyzing, and writing about the past. b. irrelevant, because present interpretation of the past it impossible for us to understand the mindset of those who lived through previous events. c. incomplete, and cannot ever be known. d. what happened in the past.

a. the act of selecting, analyzing, and writing about the past

The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to a. ensure the independence of the judiciary b. insulate the presidency from the popular will c. strengthen the executive branch against the legislative branch d. strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch e. protect the sovereignty of the states

b. insulate the presidency from the popular will

New World animals, such as pigs a. had little impact in New World nutrition, cultures, and ecology. b. led to the cure of smallpox. c. caused major changes in New World nutrition, cultures, and ecology. d. ended up being food sources for deer and other Old World animals.

c. caused major changes in New World nutrition, cultures, and ecology

In "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" Patrick Henry is beseeching his listeners to _________________? a. free Thomas Jefferson from British imprisonment b. boycott British goods c. fight a war with Britain d. bring an end to African slavery

c. fight a war with Britain

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies .... "But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic Church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. "Meanwhile, successes in the New World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe 's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well .... Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed .... "The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the run-up in prices." -A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992. The description of Spanish actions by A. Kent MacDougall contributes to an understanding of which of the following developments beyond the 1500s? a. The growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in the seventeenth century. b. The industrial growth of Spain in the seventeenth century. c. The success of independence movements in Spanish America in the seventeenth century. d. Spanish military domination over it's European rivals in the seventeenth century.

a. The growing gap between the wealthy and poor in the seventeenth century

"It is not denied that there are implied as well as express powers, and that the former are as effectually delegated as the latter. It is conceded that implied powers are to be considered as delegated equally with express ones. Then it follows, that as a power of erecting a corporation [such as a bank] may as well be implied as any other thing, it may as well be employed as an instrument or means of carrying into execution any of the specified powers...but one may be erected in relation to the trade with foreign countries, or to the trade between States...because it is the province of the federal government to regulate those objects, and because it is incident to a general sovereign or legislative power to regulate a thing, to employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage." -- Alexander Hamilton, Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States Who of the following would be most critical of Hamilton's position on the bank? a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Adams c. George Washington d. Abigail Adams

a. Thomas Jefferson

What did the supporters of the New Jersey Plan have in mind when they proposed the New Jersey plan? a. To use the proposal as leverage to force the large states to give ground and concede equality of representation. b. To use the proposal as leverage to force the large states to give ground and concede that slaves should be included as 3/5's a man in representation calculations. c. To sever the union and form independent nations. d. To use the proposal as leverage to force the small states to give ground and concede proportional representation.

a. To use the proposal as leverage to force the large states to give ground and concede equality of representation

On July 21st the Convention for a third time refused to approve today a fusion of veto power of the national Judiciary and Executive as a means to checkmate power of the Legislature. However in a unanimous vote, the Convention approved the power of an Executive Veto. How can a veto be overturned? a. Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate b. One-half vote in the House c. Three-quarters vote in the House and Senate d. Three-quarters vote in the Senate

a. Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate

The Great Compromise of 1787 resulted in a. a system of political representation for the states in the federal government b. the creation of a national bank c. a final settlement of the question of slavery d. a renewal of the Articles of Confederation e. a border agreement between the United States and Canada

a. a system of political representation for the states in the federal goverment

"These at the heads of James and York rivers ... grew impatient at the many slaughters of their neighbors and rose for own defense , who choosing Mr. Bacon for their leader, sent oftentimes to the Governor , ... beseeching a commission to go against the Indians at their own charge; which His Honor as often promised, but did not send .... "During these protractions and people often slain, most or all the officers, civil and military, ... met and concerted together, the danger of going without a commission on the one part and the continual murders of their neighbors on the other part .... This day lapsing and no commission come, they marched into the wilderness in quest of these Indians , after whom the Governor sent his proclamation, denouncing all rebels who should not return within a limited day; whereupon those of estates obeyed. But Mr. Bacon , with fifty-seven men , proceeded . ... They fired and ... slew 150 Indians. " -Samuel Kercheval, Virginia author and lawyer, "On Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia," 1833 Bacon 's Rebellion was initiated by a group of farmers who felt most directly threatened by a. conflicts with American Indians b. the power of large planters c. the growth of the slave trade d. an increase in royal taxes

a. conflicts with American Indians

A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to expand slavery into new territories to preserve its economic viability a. develop a national economy by improving transportation b. improve diplomatic relations with European nations by allowing free immigration c. remove American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River to prevent further conflicts d. create more interest in politics by eliminating voting restrictions

a. develop a national economy by improving transportation

Alexander Hamilton's domestic and foreign policies were directed primarily toward strengthening the federal government by a. favoring the interests of the propertied and monied classes b. averting United States entanglement in Europe's wars c. establishing gold as the sole backing of United States currency d. substituting a parliamentary for federal system of government e. favoring free trade

a. favoring the interest of the propertied and monied classes

"The authors and promoters of this desperate conspiracy have...meant only to amuse, by vague expressions of attachment to the parent state, and the strongest protestations of loyalty to me, whilst they were preparing for a general revolt....The resolutions of Parliament breathed a spirit of moderation and forbearance; conciliatory propositions accompanies the measures taken to enforce authority....I have acted with the same temper, anxious to prevent, if it had been possible...the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." -King George III, Speech to Parliament, October 27th, 1775 Which of the following groups of individuals would have been most likely to agree with King George? (Hint: AMSCO is tricky with this one, don't let the 1776 movie convince you to pick a certain delegate who was against independence) a. Continentals b. Loyalists c. Thomas Paine d. John Adams e. John Dickenson

b. Loyalists

Colonel George Mason of Virginia said the power of the people to ratify a new national constitution was the most important of all the resolutions to come before this Convention. The State Legislatures have no power to ratify, only the people have, Colonel Mason insisted. Based on the above excerpt, what concept does George Mason feel is the most important for the new government? a. Separation of Powers b. Popular Sovereignty c. Supreme National Government d. The Spirit of '54

b. Popular Sovereignty

The Convention granted Congress the power to levy and collect taxes and to regulate interstate and foreign commerce. It also gave Congress the sole power to coin money. What did congress specifically prohibit? (This prohibition is no longer in place) a. The sale to and/or consumption of alcohol by citizens under 18 years of age b. Printing Paper Money c. Using Gold as Currency d. Indirect Taxes (Tariffs) on foreign goods at the National level

b. Printing Paper Money

Which state refused to send a delegation to the Constitutional Convention? Why? a. Delaware - the state legislature was concerned the convention would strengthen state's rights. b. Rhode Island - the state legislature wanted to continue printing inflated paper money and was concerned the convention would force them to stop. c. Georgia - the distance was too great. d. Delaware - the state legislature wanted to continue printing inflated paper money and was concerned the convention would force them to stop.

b. Rhode Island- the state legislature wanted to continue printing inflated paper money and was concerned the convention would make them stop.

Who proposed versions of the Connecticut Compromise multiple times to the convention? (Hint: He represented Connecticut:) a. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney b. Roger Sherman c. John Dickenson d. Charles Pinckney III e. James Madison

b. Roger Sherman

"As touching the quality of this country , three thinges there bee, which in few yeares may bring this Colony to perfection; the English plough, Vineyards, & Cattle .. . . "All our riches for the present doe consiste in Tobacco, wherein one man by his owne laboour hath in one yeare, raised to himself to the value of 200 sterling; and another by the means of sixe seruants ha.th cleared at one crop a thou sand pound english. These be true , yet indeed rare examples , yet possible to be done by others. Our principa.ll wealth (I should ha.ue said) consisteth in servants: but they are chargeable to be furnished with armes, apparel, & bedding , and for their transportation, and casua.ll both at sea, & for their first year commonly at la.nde also: but if they escape, they proove very hardy, and sound able men." -John Pory, Secretary of Virginia, Letter to Sir Dudley Carlton, 1619 Despite the success of tobacco in Virginia., the colony still faced problems and eventually became a a. corporate charter settlement b. royal colony c. joint-stock company d. proprietorship

b. Royal colony

"[Lawyer for the prosecution:] Gentlemen of the jury; the information now before the Court, and to which the Defendant Zenger has pleaded not guilty, is an inform ation for printing and publishing a false , scandalou s, and seditious libel, in which His Excellency the Governor of this Province ... is greatly and unjustly scanda lized as a person that has no regard to law nor ju stice .... Indeed Sir, as Mr. Hamilton [Zenger 's attorney] has confessed the printing and publishing these libels, I think the jury must find a verdict for the King; for supposing they were true, the law says that they are not the less libelous for that ; nay, indeed the law says their being true is an aggravation of the crime. "[Mr. Hamilton:] Not so .. . I hope it is not our bare printing and publi shing a paper that will make it libel. You will have something more to do before you make my client a libeler; for the words themselve s must be libelous , that is false ... or else we are not guilty." -James Alexander , lawyer for J. Peter Zenger, The Trial of John Peter Zenger, 1736 Which group would most strongly support Zenger's position on the press? a. Residents of the cities b. Settlers on the frontier c. Southern planters d. Farmers in New England

b. Settlers on the frontier

"I have not the least doubt that the Negroes will make very excellent soldiers with proper management.... I foresee that this project will have to combat much opposition from prejudice and self-interest. The contempt we have been taught to entertain for the black makes us fancy many things that are founded neither in reason nor experience; and an unwillingness to part with property of so valuable a kind will furnish a thousand arguments to show the impracticability of pernicious tendency of a scheme which requires such a sacrifice. But it should be considered that if we do not make use of them in this way, the enemy probably will...An essential part of the plan is to give them their freedom with their muskets." --Alexander Hamilton, "A Proposal to Arm and Then Free the Negroes," 1779 Which of the following was the primary reason for Hamilton's call for African American soldiers? a. The New York militia was short of troops b. The British were recruiting African Americans c. The Declaration of Independence called for equal rights d. General Washington trusted that blacks would make good soldiers

b. The British were recruiting African Americans

In Marbury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court affirmed a. its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws b. its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments c. the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures d. the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power e. its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions

b. its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments

"For a nation thus abused to arise unanimously and to resist their prince, even to dethroning him, is not criminal but a reasonable way of vindicating their liberties and just rights ; it is making use of the means , and the only means, which God has put into their -power for mutual and self-defense .... "To conclude , let us all learn to be free and to be loyal. . . . But let us remember . .. government is sacred and not to be trifled with. It is our happiness to live under the government of a prince who is satisfied with ruling according to law ... . Let us prize our freedom but not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. There are men who strike at liberty under the term licentiousness. There are others who aim at popularity under the disguise of patriotism. Be aware of both. Extremes are dangerous." -Jonathan Mayhew, church minister, "On Unlimited Submission to Rulers," 1750 Which of the following possible influences on Mayhew is most clearly reflected in this statement? a. the ideas of the Enlightenment b. The Great Awakening c. the rulings by royal governors d. The teachings in the colonial colleges

b. The Great Awakening

The Supreme Court established which of the fol- lowing by its ruling in Marbury v. Madison ? a. States have the authority to nullify acts of Congress. b. The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts. c. States may not interfere with interstate commerce. d. Government contracts cannot be repealed by popular majority. e. The Bank of the United States is constitutional under the implied powers clause.

b. The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts.

"[Lawyer for the prosecution:] Gentlemen of the jury; the information now before the Court, and to which the Defendant Zenger has pleaded not guilty, is an inform ation for printing and publishing a false , scandalou s, and seditious libel, in which His Excellency the Governor of this Province ... is greatly and unjustly scanda lized as a person that has no regard to law nor ju stice .... Indeed Sir, as Mr. Hamilton [Zenger 's attorney] has confessed the printing and publishing these libels, I think the jury must find a verdict for the King; for supposing they were true, the law says that they are not the less libelous for that ; nay, indeed the law says their being true is an aggravation of the crime. "[Mr. Hamilton:] Not so .. . I hope it is not our bare printing and publi shing a paper that will make it libel. You will have something more to do before you make my client a libeler; for the words themselve s must be libelous , that is false ... or else we are not guilty." -James Alexander , lawyer for J. Peter Zenger, The Trial of John Peter Zenger, 1736 Which of the following was a long-term effect of the jury's decision in the Zenger case? a. Restrictions on the press increased b. The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British c. Zinger became a colonial leader d. New York became the center of anti-British sentiments

b. The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British

Which of the following is true of the Virginia and the New Jersey plans that were presented at the Constitutional Convention? They illustrated the conflicts between states with primarily agricultural and commercial economies. a. They advocated different ways in which federal taxes would be collected by the new government. b. They illustrated the struggle between states for representation and power in the creation of the new government. c. They were attempts to settle the status of slaves in the southern states. d. They were alternative plans to admit new territories to the Union.

b. They illustrated the struggle between states for representation and power in the creation of the new government

Which of the following is a correct statement about women in United States society in the years 1790-1810? a. They attained suffrage in all states. b. They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens. c. They owned a large share of the nation's property. d. They became increasingly prominent as entrepreneurs. e. They entered professional occupations such as medicine and law in large numbers.

b. They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens

Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to a. oppose New England Federalism b. acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops c. demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars d. remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley e. acquire territory for the expansion of slavery

b. acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops

"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power vested by this Constitution." Alexander Hamilton used the clause above to a. support his argument for a strong central government in The Federalist papers b. convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States c. justify revising the Articles of Confederation d. substantiate his strict interpretation of the Constitution e. lobby Congress for a protective tariff to promote United States industry

b. convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States

One factor not responsible for European expansion into the Western Hemisphere was a. better shipbuilding and navigational tools b. democratization of European society c. desire for economic expansion d. desire to expand Christianity

b. democratization of European society

"These at the heads of James and York rivers ... grew impatient at the many slaughters of their neighbors and rose for own defense , who choosing Mr. Bacon for their leader, sent oftentimes to the Governor , ... beseeching a commission to go against the Indians at their own charge; which His Honor as often promised, but did not send .... "During these protractions and people often slain, most or all the officers, civil and military, ... met and concerted together, the danger of going without a commission on the one part and the continual murders of their neighbors on the other part .... This day lapsing and no commission come, they marched into the wilderness in quest of these Indians , after whom the Governor sent his proclamation, denouncing all rebels who should not return within a limited day; whereupon those of estates obeyed. But Mr. Bacon , with fifty-seven men , proceeded . ... They fired and ... slew 150 Indians. " -Samuel Kercheval, Virginia author and lawyer, "On Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia," 1833 Which of the following led the opposition to Bacon' s Rebellion? a. leaders of the Church of England b. the colonial governor c. soldiers from the British army d. members of the Virginia House of Burgesses

b. the colonial governor

The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of a. settling American Indians on reservations b. transporting African Americans to Africa c. encouraging Chinese contract laborers to emigrate to the United States d. settling White Americans on western lands e. encouraging immigration from Ireland and Germany

b. transporting African Americans to Africa

North American Native American tribes a. modeled themselves after tribes from Central America and Mexico b. were greatly varied in lifestyle and economic systems c. formed alliances on numerous occasions to fight competing tribes d. displayed a uniformity of lifestyle

b. were greatly varied in lifestyle and economic systems

Fill in the blank: On August 24th, the convention gave Congress the power to elect a single person as President. The President's term would be ___ ______and can be re-elected ____ ______. a. 4 years, 1 time b. 4 years, 2 times c. 7 years, 0 times d. 1 year, 1 time

c. 7 years, 0 times

The Virginia Plan proposed a significant change to the government of the United States. Identify the response that best resembles the proposal. a. A government with a single authoritarian party that controls both political and economic systems. b. A government modeled after the British parlimentary government. c. A national government consisting of a supreme Legislature, Executive, and Judicary. d. A system of government where power is focused at the state and local level with a central government focusing on foreign affairs.

c. A national government consisting of a supreme Legislature, Executive, and Judicary

Which of the following statements is the most widely accepted legacy of Christopher Columbus? a. He is responsible for most of the problems in the Americas during the colonial period. b. He bears much of the blame for oppressing Native American peoples in North America. c. He started a permanent relationship between Europe and the Americas. d. He discovered a New World. e. His heroic deeds will always be respected by fair-minded American citizens.

c. He started a permanent relationship between Europe and the Americas.

"To understand political power ... we must consider what estate all men are naturally in, and that it is a state of pe1fect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possess ions . .. within the bounds of the law of nature , without asking leave , or depending upon the will of any other man .... "Whosoever therefore out of a state of nature unite into a community must be understood to give up all the power necessary to the ends for which they unite into society, to the majority of the community ... And this is done by barely agreeing to unite into one political society .. .. And thus that which begins and actually constitutes any political society is nothing but the consent of any number of freemen capable of a majority to unite ... . And this is that ... which did or could give beginning to any lawful government in the world." -John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690 How is the topic of Locke 's writing similar to most writing in the colonies in the 18th century? a. He wrote about nature, and most writing was about nature or agriculture b. He wrote about freemen, and most writing was about freedom and slavery c. He wrote about politics , and most writing was about politics or religion d. He wrote about the rights of the majority, and most writing was about rights and liberties

c. He wrote about politics, and most writing was about politics or religion

"It is not denied that there are implied as well as express powers, and that the former are as effectually delegated as the latter. It is conceded that implied powers are to be considered as delegated equally with express ones. Then it follows, that as a power of erecting a corporation [such as a bank] may as well be implied as any other thing, it may as well be employed as an instrument or means of carrying into execution any of the specified powers...but one may be erected in relation to the trade with foreign countries, or to the trade between States...because it is the province of the federal government to regulate those objects, and because it is incident to a general sovereign or legislative power to regulate a thing, to employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage." -- Alexander Hamilton, Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States Hamilton's constitutional argument was based on which of the following types of power? a. Regulated b. Employed c. Implied d. Expressed

c. Implied

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies .... "But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic Church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. "Meanwhile, successes in the New World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe 's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well .... Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed .... "The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the run-up in prices." -A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992. Concerns raised in Spain in the 1540s about "forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia," mentioned in the first paragraph of MacDougall's article, led to which of the following changes? a. A shift in Spanish economic activities in the New World from export-oriented activities toward production for local consumption. b. The growth of the Spanish abolitionist movement and a royal decree ending slavery in the New World. c. Limits being placed on the encomienda system and a shift toward African slavery d. The establishment of a line of demarcation in Spanish-held territories in the New World between areas for American Indians and areas for Spanish colonists.

c. Limits being placed on the encomienda system and a shift toward African Slavery

"We apprehend that as freeman and English subjects, we have an indisputable title to the same privileges and immunities with His Majesty;s other subjects who reside in the interior counties..., and therefore ought not to be excluded from an equal share with them in the very important privilege of legislation... We cannot but observe with sorrow and indignation that some persons in this province are at pains to extenuate the barbarous cruelties practiced by these savages on our murdered brethren and relatives...by this means the Indians have been taught to despise us as a weak and disunited people, and from this fatal source have arisen many of our calamities...We humbly pray therefore that this grievance may be redressed." -The Paxton Boys, to the Pennsylvania Assembly, " A Remonstrance of Distressed and Bleeding Frontier Inhabitants," 1764 Which of the following leaders from an earlier period represented a group in a similar situation as cited in this example? a. Edmond Andros b. Roger Williams c. Nathaniel Bacon d. John Smith

c. Nathaniel Bacon

"We apprehend that as freeman and English subjects, we have an indisputable title to the same privileges and immunities with His Majesty;s other subjects who reside in the interior counties..., and therefore ought not to be excluded from an equal share with them in the very important privilege of legislation... We cannot but observe with sorrow and indignation that some persons in this province are at pains to extenuate the barbarous cruelties practiced by these savages on our murdered brethren and relatives...by this means the Indians have been taught to despise us as a weak and disunited people, and from this fatal source have arisen many of our calamities...We humbly pray therefore that this grievance may be redressed." -The Paxton Boys, to the Pennsylvania Assembly, " A Remonstrance of Distressed and Bleeding Frontier Inhabitants," 1764 The concern expressed in this excerpt helps explain why the British passed the __________. a. Peace of Paris b. Albany Plan of Union c. Proclamation of 1763 d. Quartering Act

c. Proclamation of 1763

What concerns did the Virginia Plan create for the small states? a. The states would receive vastly increased powers that were too great for the small states to handle. b. The Virginia Plan would merge some small states with large states. c. Proportional representation weakened the influence of the small states in the new legislature. d. Equal representation limited small states to just one vote in the new legislature.

c. Proportional representation weakened the influence of the small states in the new legislature

The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals? a. Abolishing the Bank of the United States b. Increasing the size of the United States military c. Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government d. Discontinuing the funding of state debts e. Adopting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions at the national level

c. Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government

"Be it therefore ordered and enacted .... That whatsoever person or persons within this Province . .. shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is, curse Him or shall deny our Savior Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, or shall deny the Holy Trinity ... or the Godhead of any of the said Three persons of the Trinity or the Unity of the Godhead ... shall be punished with death and confiscation or forfeiture of all his or her lands .... And whereas ... that no person or persons whatsoever within this province, or the islands, ports, harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be any way troubled , molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 Which of the following religiou s groups were the authors of the Maryland Act of Toleration trying to protect? a. Puritans b. Quakers c. Roman Catholics d. Jews

c. Roman Catholics

Question #42 (1 point) "To understand political power ... we must consider what estate all men are naturally in, and that it is a state of pe1fect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possess ions . .. within the bounds of the law of nature , without asking leave , or depending upon the will of any other man .... "Whosoever therefore out of a state of nature unite into a community must be understood to give up all the power necessary to the ends for which they unite into society, to the majority of the community ... And this is done by barely agreeing to unite into one political society .. .. And thus that which begins and actually constitutes any political society is nothing but the consent of any number of freemen capable of a majority to unite ... . And this is that ... which did or could give beginning to any lawful government in the world." -John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690 Which of the following groups in the colonie s in the late 17th century would be most critical of Locke 's ideas? a. Women b. Church leaders c. Slave owners d. Merchants

c. Slave owners

"It is not denied that there are implied as well as express powers, and that the former are as effectually delegated as the latter. It is conceded that implied powers are to be considered as delegated equally with express ones. Then it follows, that as a power of erecting a corporation [such as a bank] may as well be implied as any other thing, it may as well be employed as an instrument or means of carrying into execution any of the specified powers...but one may be erected in relation to the trade with foreign countries, or to the trade between States...because it is the province of the federal government to regulate those objects, and because it is incident to a general sovereign or legislative power to regulate a thing, to employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage." -- Alexander Hamilton, Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States Which of the following benefited most directly from the bank that Hamilton strongly supported? a. Farmers b. Slaveowners c. State Governments d. Manufacturers

c. State governments

"The authors and promoters of this desperate conspiracy have...meant only to amuse, by vague expressions of attachment to the parent state, and the strongest protestations of loyalty to me, whilst they were preparing for a general revolt....The resolutions of Parliament breathed a spirit of moderation and forbearance; conciliatory propositions accompanies the measures taken to enforce authority....I have acted with the same temper, anxious to prevent, if it had been possible...the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." -King George III, Speech to Parliament, October 27th, 1775 According to the excerpt, which of the following does King George hold primarily responsible for the American revolt? a. The "spirit of moderation" of some of Parliament's resolutions b. The "conciliator-lee propositions" made in the Declaration of Independence. c. The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders d. The "desperate conspiracy" by some members of Parliament e. The "expressions of attachment" by some colonial leaders

c. The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders

In all European countries at the time of the convention the head of state (Monarch) had the ability to declare war. Congress decided to split this power by giving powers to both Congress and the President concerning war. How were these powers described? (Hint: These powers are the same today) a. Congress MAKES war; the President DECLARES war b. Congress DECLARES war; President PAYS for war c. The President MAKES war; Congress DECLARES war d. The President DECLARES war; Congress PAYS for war

c. The President MAKES war; Congress DECLARES war

Which of the following is a correct statement about women in United States society in the years 1790-1810? a. They owned a large share of the nation's property. b. They entered professional occupations such as medicine and law in large numbers. c. They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens. d. They became increasingly prominent as entrepreneurs. e. They attained suffrage in all states.

c. They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens

"These at the heads of James and York rivers ... grew impatient at the many slaughters of their neighbors and rose for own defense , who choosing Mr. Bacon for their leader, sent oftentimes to the Governor , ... beseeching a commission to go against the Indians at their own charge; which His Honor as often promised, but did not send .... "During these protractions and people often slain, most or all the officers, civil and military, ... met and concerted together, the danger of going without a commission on the one part and the continual murders of their neighbors on the other part .... This day lapsing and no commission come, they marched into the wilderness in quest of these Indians , after whom the Governor sent his proclamation, denouncing all rebels who should not return within a limited day; whereupon those of estates obeyed. But Mr. Bacon , with fifty-seven men , proceeded . ... They fired and ... slew 150 Indians. " -Samuel Kercheval, Virginia author and lawyer, "On Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia," 1833 Based on the information in this excerpt, what is Samuel Kercheval's point of view toward Bacon and his followers? a. They were a primarily political movement that wanted Bacon to become governor b. They were dangerous men who threatened colonial stability and prosperity c. They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not d. They were allies of the governor who carried out actions that he supported

c. They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not

What was the primary intention of the Adams administration in enforcing the Sedition Act? a. To stop illegal aliens from voting b. To prosecute Democratic-Republicans who violated American neutrality c. To intimidate critics of Adams' foreign policy toward France and England d. To prepare for war against Great Britain e. To keep France from selling Louisiana to Spain

c. To intimidate critics of Adams' foreign policy toward France and England

"As touching the quality of this country , three thinges there bee, which in few yeares may bring this Colony to perfection; the English plough, Vineyards, & Cattle .. . . "All our riches for the present doe consiste in Tobacco, wherein one man by his owne laboour hath in one yeare, raised to himself to the value of 200 sterling; and another by the means of sixe seruants ha.th cleared at one crop a thou sand pound english. These be true , yet indeed rare examples , yet possible to be done by others. Our principa.ll wealth (I should ha.ue said) consisteth in servants: but they are chargeable to be furnished with armes, apparel, & bedding , and for their transportation, and casua.ll both at sea, & for their first year commonly at la.nde also: but if they escape, they proove very hardy, and sound able men." -John Pory, Secretary of Virginia, Letter to Sir Dudley Carlton, 1619 Which of the following groups made up most of the servants referred to in the passage? a. Enslave Africans b. Women whose husbands had escaped c. American Indians d. Indentured servants from Europe

d. Indentured servants from Europe

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? a. The Netherlands b. England c. The German states d. Ireland e. Africa

d. Ireland

How was the Declaratory Act a cause of the Boston Tea Party? a. It declared American Independence. b. It declared that the Sons of Liberty would not pay tea taxes. c. It provoked Native Americans to throw tea into Boston Harbor. d. It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies.

d. It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies

Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? a. It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. b. It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. c. It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. d. It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. e. It called for an end to the European presence in South America.

d. It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self sufficiency

In "The Economics of the American Revolutionary War", the author states that almost all of the taxes were appealed and revoked after colonial disapproval. With that in mind, a series of acts from 1660 were never revoked and may be a greater cause/reason for colonial uproar. What is the name of these acts? Why was it important? a. Stamp Act - it placed a tax on all legal documents b. Tea Act - it dramatically increased the price of tea c. Clinton Tax - it taxed the upper-class heavily and the majority of the founding fathers were wealthy. d. Navigation Act - it limited trade to just British ports e. Coercive Act - it closed the port of Boston which limited trade

d. Navigation Act- it limited trade to just British ports

"For a nation thus abused to arise unanimously and to resist their prince, even to dethroning him, is not criminal but a reasonable way of vindicating their liberties and just rights ; it is making use of the means , and the only means, which God has put into their -power for mutual and self-defense .... "To conclude , let us all learn to be free and to be loyal. . . . But let us remember . .. government is sacred and not to be trifled with. It is our happiness to live under the government of a prince who is satisfied with ruling according to law ... . Let us prize our freedom but not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. There are men who strike at liberty under the term licentiousness. There are others who aim at popularity under the disguise of patriotism. Be aware of both. Extremes are dangerous." -Jonathan Mayhew, church minister, "On Unlimited Submission to Rulers," 1750 What was the context in which Mayhew was writing? a. the Great Awakening was making authorities stronger b. restrictions on voting were becoming tighter c. democratic practices were slowly increasing d. opposition to British rule of the colonies was increasing

d. Opposition of British rule in colonies was increasing

Select the answer that BEST embodies the following quote. "There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of American Revolution with those of the late American War. The American War is over; but this is far from being the case with American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed." - Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania on July 4th 1787 a. The American Revolution ended with Cornwallis being defeated at Yorktown. b. A fear of British invasion was very real for the young nation. c. The Constitutional Convention is at a standstill do to an inability to compromise. d. The Constitutional Convention is part of the continuing evolution of the American experiment.

d. The Constitutional Convention is part of the continuing evolution of the American experiment

Prior to the French and Indian war the Native Americans were able to play the French and British Empires off of each other. In particular this allowed for the Iroquois Confederation to be neutral and reap the benefits of trading with both Empires. How did this change after the French and Indian War? a. The Iroquois were completely defeated during the French and Indian War and were never a power again. b. The Iroquois continued to fight the British following the war as they retained loyalty to the French. c. The Iroquois were able to stay neutral following the war and traded with the French via the Mississippi River. d. The Iroquois allied themselves with the British, but no longer received favorable trade deals and diplomatic gifts.

d. The Iroquois allied themselves with the British, but no longer received favorable trade deals and diplomatic gifts.

An oath of secrecy was taken by the Constitutional Delegates because... a. The delegates were worried Ben Franklin would use his newspaper the Pennsylvania Gazette to influence the proceedings. b. The delegates were afraid they would be arrested for treason. c. The delegates did not want to share their ideas with French radicals. d. The delegates wanted to have free debates and float ideas without the threat of political reprisal.

d. The delegates wanted to have free debates and float ideas without the threat of political reprisal.

Question #44 (1 point) "[Lawyer for the prosecution:] Gentlemen of the jury; the information now before the Court, and to which the Defendant Zenger has pleaded not guilty, is an inform ation for printing and publishing a false , scandalou s, and seditious libel, in which His Excellency the Governor of this Province ... is greatly and unjustly scanda lized as a person that has no regard to law nor ju stice .... Indeed Sir, as Mr. Hamilton [Zenger 's attorney] has confessed the printing and publishing these libels, I think the jury must find a verdict for the King; for supposing they were true, the law says that they are not the less libelous for that ; nay, indeed the law says their being true is an aggravation of the crime. "[Mr. Hamilton:] Not so .. . I hope it is not our bare printing and publi shing a paper that will make it libel. You will have something more to do before you make my client a libeler; for the words themselve s must be libelous , that is false ... or else we are not guilty." -James Alexander , lawyer for J. Peter Zenger, The Trial of John Peter Zenger, 1736 Which of the following had an effect on attitudes toward traditional authority similar to the effect of the Zenger case? a. The westward movement of settlers b. The arrival of new immigrants in the British colonies c. The growth of the legal profession d. The spread o the Great Awakening

d. The spread o the Great Awakening

Mr. Wilson went out of his way to assure the delegates that it was not desirable to destroy the state governments. He said, "In all extensive empires a subdivision of power is necessary. Persia, Turkey, and Rome, under its emperors, are examples in point." - James Wilson on June 19th, 1787. What does Mr. Wilson mean with this comment? Pick the answer that BEST describes Mr. Wilson's quote. a. The National Government will be supreme. b. The United States is fated to fail like Persia, Turkey, and Rome. c. There will be an increase in state power under the new Constitution. d. There will be a partnership between state and national governments.

d. There will be a partnership between state and national government

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification the Constitution only after a. several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia b. they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review c. the other states threatened to organize the government without them d. they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification e. slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference

d. They were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

Gouverneur Morris championed popular election of a single executive in contrast to election by the legislature. Why? a. The rights of human nature demand people have a say in their executive. b. To prevent re-election. c. This method gave the greatest influence to the wealthy classes when electing the executive. d. To allow the executive to be separate and independent of the legislature.

d. To allow the executive to be separate and independent of the legislature

Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it a. invited Americans to settle in Texas b. opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade c. withdrew Spain's military forces from the Caribbean d. allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans e. ceded Florida to the United States

d. allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans

President George Washington's dress set a course for the nation by a. endorsing the economic policies of the Federalists b. calling for the adoption of universal suffrage c. endorsing the two-party system d. discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations e. calling for strict term limits for federal officeholders

d. discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations

Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to a. war veterans b. southern planters c. western farmers d. eastern merchants e. state bankers

d. eastern merchants

"I wish I knew what mighty things were fabricating. If a form of government is to be established here, what one will be assumed? Will it be left to our assemblies to choose one? And will not many men have many minds? And shall we not run into dissensions among ourselves?" "I am more and more convinced that man is a dangerous creature; and that power, whether vested in many or a few, is ever grasping...." "How shall we be governed so as to retain our liberties? Who shall frame these laws? Who will give them force and energy..." "When I consider these things, and the prejudices of people in favor of ancient customs and regulation, I feel anxious for the fate of our monarchy or democracy, or whatever is to take place." Abigail Adams, Letter to John Adams, November 27, 1775 Which of the following BEST expresses the view of Abigail Adams about power, liberty, or prejudices? a. People can overcome prejudice by spending time with each other. b. Sit down John! c. Power can be harnessed in the right hands d. Liberties should apply to all e. Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power.

e. Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power.

Before 1800, which of the following European imports had the greatest impact on the lives of the Plains Indians? a. Cattle b. Christianity c. Money d. Steel plow e. Horses

e. Horses

The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of a. New England's desire to end United States trade with Great Britain b. northern gratitude to General Jackson for his victory at New Orleans c. western resentment against British-backed American Indian attacks d. the War Hawks' impatience with President Madison's conduct of foreign policy e. New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812

e. New England Federalists opposition to the War of 1812

The Federalist papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the eighteenth century when they asserted that a. limitations on the popular will led to tyranny b. a republican form of government could suc- ceed only in small countries c. a weak central government was the only guarantee of individual rights d. political parties were crucial to the success of the new government e. a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights

e. a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights

In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790's prompted a. the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions b. a military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti c. the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves d. a movement of free African Americans to Haiti e. an increased fear of slave revolts in the South

e. an increased fear of slave revolts in the south

The Federalist papers were written in order to a. mobilize popular support for keeping the Articles of Confederation b. persuade the Continental Congress to declare independence c. persuade voters to support Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800 d. frustrate Spanish efforts to sway the political loyalty of the Southwest e. attain ratification of the Constitution

e. attain ratification of the Constitution

Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his a. Report on the Public Credit b. plans for a Bank of the United States c. call for a whiskey tax d. call for a tariff e. call for direct subsidies to manufacturers

e. call for direct subsidies to manufacturers

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT a. create a strong central government that would not threaten the sovereignty of the states b. create a government that would be satisfactory to both large and small states c. establish a balance of power between the three branches of the national government d. create a government that would be satisfactory to both slave and free states e. determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

e. determine provisions to be included in the Bill of rights

The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to a. restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation b. clarify the federal relationship among the states c. test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution d. strengthen the power of the federal government e. protect rights not specified in the Constitution

e. protect rights not specified in the Constitution

When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans — we are all federalists," he meant that a. he admired Hamilton's policies b. the two parties' platforms were identical c. federalists would be appointed to his cabinet d. Americans would never ally themselves with monarchical governments e. the principles of American government were above party politics

e. the principles of American government were above party politics

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in a. Appalachia b. seacoast cities of the South c. California d. rural sections of the Old Northwest e. urban areas of the North

e. urban areas of the North

The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to a. strengthen the Constitution b. counter the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions c. protect the nation from British spies d. prevent the British from fomenting unrest among American Indians e. weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists

e. weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists