QTM 350 Midterm
Assembly languages are high-level languages.
False
There are 12 binary bits in a byte
False
True or False? By default, all data stored in Amazon S3 is viewable by the public.
False
True or false: You must stop your EC2 instance before attaching a new EBS volume to it.
False
You need to find an item in an Amazon DynamoDB table using an attribute other than the item's primary key. Which of the following operations should you use?
Scan
Does the subnet that you selected exist at the level of the Region or the level of the Availability Zone?
Subnets exist at the level of the Availability Zone
Why create an AMI?
To save the contents of the boot disk so that new instances can be launched with identical content.
which amazon EC2 feature ensures your instances will not share a physical host with instances from any other AWS customer? - reserved instances - dedicated instances - amazon VPC - placement groups
dedicated instances
How do you access your running DB instance? That is, how do you to connect to your database?
using its endpoint
The name of an S3 bucket must be unique _________.
worldwide across all AWS accounts
As AWS grows, the cost of doing business is reduced and savings are passed back to the customer with lower pricing. What is this optimization called? -EC2 right sizing -Economies of scale -Matching supply and demand -Expenditure awareness
Economies of scale
True or false: unlimited services are available with the AWS free tier to new AWS customers for 12 months following their AWS sign-up date.
False (only applies to certain services)
Under which service category does the IAM service appear?
Security, Identity, & Compliance.
Written below is the ssh command from the lab. What does -i do? ssh -i labsuser.pem ec2-user@<public-ip> Hint, checkout the man page for ssh.
Selects a file from which the identity (private key) for public key authentication is read.
Which is not a cloud deployment model? -Software as a service -System administration as a service -Platform as a service -Infrastructure as a service
System administration as a service
Consider the code below: date=20021226; echo "`date`" What is displayed after executing this code?
The current UTC time is displayed
Which of the following use cases is appropriate for using Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)?
complex transactions
which EC2 option is best for long term workloads with predictable usage patterns? - on demand instances - spot instances - reserved instances
reserved instances
When creating an AWS identity and access management (IAM) policy, what are the two types of access that can be granted to a user? -Institutional access -Administrative root access -Authorized access -AWS management console access -Programmatic access
-AWS management console access -Programmatic access
Which of the following must be specified when launching a new amazon EC2 windows instance? - EC2 instance ID - AMI - EC2 type - Password for the administrator account
-EC2 type -AMI
What is true about regions? -They are the physical locations of your customers -Each region is located in a separate geographic area -A region is a physical location that has multiple availability zones -All regions are located in one specific geographic area
-Each region is located in a separate geographic area -A region is a physical location that has multiple availability zones
In the shared responsibility model, which of the following are examples of "security in the cloud"? -Encryption of data at rest and data in transit -Physical security of the facilities In which the services operate -Compliance with compute security standards and regulations -Security group configurations -Protecting the global infrastructure
-Encryption of data at rest and data in transit -Security group configurations
When are free data transfers applicable across AWS? -Free inbound data transfer across all AWS services in all regions -Free outbound data transfer across all AWS services in all regions -Free inbound data transfer for Amazon EC2 instances -Free outbound data transfer between AWS services within the same region
-Free inbound data transfer for Amazon EC2 instances -Free outbound data transfer between AWS services within the same region
There is no charge for which of the following? -Compute -Storage -Inbound data transfer (with some exceptions) -Outbound data transfer -Data transfer between services within the same AWS region
-Inbound data transfer (with some exceptions) -Data transfer between services within the same AWS region
Which of the following are best practices to secure your account using AWS identity and access management (IAM)? -Provide users with default administrative privileges -Leave unused and unnecessary users and credentials in place -Manage access to AWS resources -Avoid using IAM groups to grant the same access permissions to multiple users -Define fine-grained access rights
-Manage access to AWS resources -Define fine-grained access rights
For services like Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), you can invest in reserved capacity. What options are available for Reserved Instances? -NURI -AURI -PURI -MURI -DURI
-NURI -AURI -PURI
Which of the following can be used as a storage class for an S3 object lifecycle policy?
-Simple Storage Service Glacier -S3 - Infrequent Access -S3 - Standard Access
Which of these are ways to access AWS core services? -Software development kits (SDKs) -AWS command line interface (AWS CLI) -AWS marketplace -Technical support calls -AWS management console
-Software development kits (SDKs) -AWS command line interface (AWS CLI) -AWS management console
With Amazon VPC, what is the maximum size IP address range you can have in a VPC? -/30 -/16 -/24 -/28
/16
With amazon virtual private cloud (Amazon VPC), what is the smallest size subnet you can have in a VPC? -/28 -/30 -/26 -/24
/28
If $HOME is /var/home/franky, what is the directory below? ~/testdir
/var/home/franky/testdir
Convert 112 from decimal to binary
1110000
Convert F2 from hexadecimal to binary.
11110010
You are a solutions architect who works at a large retail company that is migrating its existing infrastructure to AWS. You recommend that they use a custom VPC. When you create a VPC, you assign it to an IPv4 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) block of 10.0.1.0/24 (which has 256 total IP addresses). How many IP addresses are available?
251 (5 are reserved)
Convert 1001 from binary to decimal:
9
Which of these statements about availability zones is not true? -Availability zones are made up of one or more data centers -A data center can be used for more than one Availability zone -Availability zones are designed for fault isolation -Availability zones are connected to each other using high--speed private links
A data center can be used for more than one Availability zone
What is . ?
A directory
Which AWS service provides infrastructure security optimization recommendations?
AWS Trusted Advisor
Where can a customer go to get more details about Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) billing activity that took place three months ago? -AWS Trusted Advisor dashboard -AWS cost explorer -AWS CloudTrail logs stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) -Amazon EC2 dashboard
AWS cost explorer
Which component of AWS global infrastructure does Amazon CloudFront use to ensure low-latency delivery? -AWS regions -Amazon VPC -AWS availability zones -AWS edge locations
AWS edge locations
Which component of the AWS global infrastructure does Amazon CloudFront use to ensure low-latency delivery? -AWS regions -AWS edge locations -AWS availability zone -Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
AWS edge locations
Which of the following are geographic areas that host two or more availability zones? -AWS regions -Compute zones -AWS origins -Edge locations
AWS regions
What are the advantages of cloud computing over computing on-premises? -Avoid large capital purchases -Use on-demand capacity -Go global in minutes -Increase speed and agility All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is a compute service? -Amazon S3 -Amazon EC2 -Amazon CloudFront -Amazon VPC -Amazon Redshift
Amazon EC2
Which AWS networking service enables a company to create a virtual network within AWS? -Amazon Route 53 -AWS direct connect -Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) -AWS config
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
ASCII is an acronym for what?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Which component of AWS global infrastructure does Amazon CloudFront use to ensure low-latency delivery? A. AWS Regions B. AWS edge locations C. AWS Availability Zones D. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
B. AWS edge locations
What are the four support plans offered by AWS support? -Basic, Developer, Business, Enterprise -Basic, Startup, Business, Enterprise -Free, Bronze, Silver, Gold -All support is free
Basic, Developer, Business, Enterprise
Which of the following should be done by the AWS account root user? -Secure access for applications -Integrate with other AWS services -Change granular permissions -Change the AWS support plan
Change the AWS support plan
Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute workloads?
Customers can permanently run enough instances to handle peak workloads.
You can run applications and workloads from a region closer to the end users to ____ latency.
Decrease
After initial login, what does AWS recommend as the best practice for the AWS account root user? -Delete the AWS account root user -Revoke all permissions on the AWS account root user -Delete the access keys of the AWS account root user -Restrict permission on the AWS account root user
Delete the access keys of the AWS account root user
How would a system administrator add an additional layer of login security to a user's AWS management console? -Enable AWS CloudTrail -Enable multi-factor authentication -Use Amazon Cloud Directory -Audit AWS identity and access management (IAM) roles
Enable multi-factor authentication
Global variables are only available in the current shell.
False
Modern computers follow the "Pascaline architecture," first devised by Blaise Pascal in the late 1600's.
False
Python is a compiled language
False
Scripts start with #! followed by the path where the script is located.
False
The first four-species calculating machine, which means that it is able to perform all four basic operations of arithmetic, was built by Von Neumann.
False
True or false: AWS key management services (AWS KMS) enables you to access, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources
False
True or false: cloud computing provides a simple way to access servers, storage, databases, and a broad set of application services over the internet. You own the network-connected hardware required for these services and AWS provisions what you need.
False
True or false: edge locations are only located in the same general area as regions
False
True or false: private subnets have direct access to the internet
False
True or false: to receive the discounted rate associated with Reserved Instances, you must make a full, upfront payment for the term of the agreement.
False
___ means the infrastructure has built-in component redundancy and ___ means that resources dynamically adjust to increases or decreases in capacity requirements. -Elastic and scalable, fault tolerant -Elastic and scalable, no human intervention -Fault tolerant, no human intervention -Fault tolerant, elastic and scalable -No human intervention, fault tolerant
Fault tolerant, elastic and scalable
Use the --version option to the command bash to find out which version of bash you are running. If you are using the Cloud 9 environment on Amazon Linux (the default which we chose in class together) you will see as output one of the following. Which is it?
GNU bash, version 4.2.46(2)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
Economies of scale result from ___. -Having many different cloud providers -Having hundreds of thousands of customers aggregated in the cloud -Having to invest heavily in data centers and servers -Having hundreds of cloud services available over the internet
Having hundreds of thousands of customers aggregated in the cloud
Which of the following are not benefits of AWS cloud computing? -Temporary and disposable resources -Fault-tolerant databases -High availability -High latency -Multiple procurement cycles
High latency Multiple procurement cycles
Which of the following services are global instead of Regional? Check Amazon EC2, IAM, Lambda, and Route 53.
IAM and Route 53 are global. Amazon EC2 and Lambda are Regional
Which of the following is the responsibility of AWS under the AWS shared responsibility model? -Configuring third-party applications -Maintaining physical hardware -Securing application access and data -Managing custom Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)
Maintaining physical hardware
AWS highly recommends provisioning your compute resources across ___ availability zones -All -Single -Multiple -No
Multiple
You need to allow resources in a private subnet to access the internet. Which of the following must be present to enable this access? -Network access control lists -Security groups -NAT gateway -Route tables
NAT gateway
Which of the following is an optional security control that can be applied at the subnet layer of a VPC? -Firewall -Security group -Web application firewall -Network ACL
Network ACL
Can you look at . using the cat command?
No
What is the output of the bash command man cd?
No manual entry for cd
In the shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for providing what? -Security of the cloud -Security for the cloud -Security to the cloud -Security in the cloud
Security of the cloud
What will the output of the bash command below be? echo $HOME
The file path of the home directory
What AWS tool compares the cost of running your application in an on-premises data center to AWS? -Total cost of ownership (TCO) calculator -AWS billing dashboard -AWS cost and usage report -AWS simple monthly calculator
Total cost of ownership (TCO) calculator
An important difference between modern computers and the calculating machines of the past centuries is use of the stored program concept, that is, a program may be electronically stored in binary-number format in a memory device so that instructions could be modified by the computer.
True
The > symbol can be used to direct the output of a command into a file?
True
The special parameter # expands $# to the number of positional parameters, for instance such as the number of arguments passed to a script.
True
True or False? Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an object storage suitable for the storage of flat files like Microsoft Word documents, photos, etc.
True
True or false: AWS offers a variety of services at no charge, for example, Amazon virtual private cloud (Amazon VPC), AWS Identity and access management (IAM), consolidated billing, AWS Elastic beanstalk, automatic scaling, AWS OpsWorks and AWS CloudFormation. However, you might be charged for other AWS services that you use in conjunction with these services.
True
True or false: AWS organizations enables you to consolidate multiple AWS accounts so that you centrally manage them.
True
True or false: AWS owns and maintains the network-connected hardware required for application services, while you provision and use what you need
True
True or false: availability zones within a region are connected through low-latency links.
True
True or false: networking, storage, compute, and databases are examples of service categories that AWS offers.
True
Does the VPC exist at the level of the Region or the level of the Availability Zone?
VPCs exist at the Region level.
If you did not put the scripts directory in your PATH, and . (the current directory) is not in the PATH either, you can activate the script (called ./script_name.sh) like this:
You must put the directory holding your scripts in the PATH variable in order to run a script in that directory.
What happens when you use Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to create a new VPC? -An internet gateway is created by default -three subnets are created by default in one availability zone -a main route table is created by default -three subnets are created by default: one for each availability zone
a main route table is created by default
What is included in an Amazon Machine Image? - a templace for the root volume for the instance - launch permissions that control which aws accounts can use the AMI to launch instances - a block device mapping that specifies the volumes to attach to the instance when it is launched - all of the above
all of the above
Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute workloads? - customers can permanently run enough instances to handle peak workloads - amazon EC2 costs are billed on a monthly basis - customers retain full administrative access to their amazon EC2 instances - amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed
amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed
Which of the following services is a serverless compute service in AWS? - aws Lambda - aws opswork - amazon EC2 - aws Config
aws Lambda
Which command will allow you to change directory?
cd
Write the text "blah" to the file motivation.txt
echo "blah" > motivation.txt
What is the service provided by aws that enables developers to easily deploy and manage applications in the cloud? - elastic container service - elastic beanstalk - opswork - cloudformation
elastic beanstalk
true or false: Containers contain an entire operating system
false
Given a file named file1 find the count of lines containing the word "ABC".
grep -c "ABC" file1
Amazon S3 replicates all objects ______.
in multiple Availability Zones within the same Region
your web applications needs four instances to support steady traffic all of the time. On the last day of the month, the traffic triples. What is the most cost-effective way to handle this pattern? - run 12 reserved instances all of the time - run four on-demand instances constantly, then add eight more on-demand instances on the last day of each month - run four reserved instances constantly, then add eight on-demand instances on the last day of each month - run four on demand instances constantly, then add eight reserved instances on the last day of each month
run four reserved instances constantly, then add eight on-demand instances on the last day of each month
if your project requires monthly reports that iterate through large amounts of data, which Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud purchasing option should you consider? - spot instances - scheduled reserved instances - on-demand instances - dedicated hosts
scheduled reserved instances
Which of the following can be used to protect Amazon EC2 instances hosted in AWS? -internet gateway -security group -AMI -All of the above
security group
What does the command below do when executed? ls /etc/rc3.d/S*
show all the services started up in runlevel 3 on your system.
Which is not a way to convert lowercase letters to uppercase?
tr lowercase uppercase
In the game Terminus, where do you find the Pony?
Northern meadow
Which of the following are features of Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)?
-Amazon EBS volumes can be encrypted transparently to workloads on the attached instance. -Data stored on Amazon EBS is automatically replicated within an Availability Zone.
Which of the following elements are used to create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling launch configuration?
-Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes -Instance type -Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
Which of the following are pillars of the AWS Well-Architected Framework?
-Cost Optimization -Operational Excellence -Security
Which design principles are recommended when considering performance efficiency?
-Democratize advanced technologies -Use serverless architectures
Which of the following AWS tools help your application scale up or down based on demand?
-Elastic Load Balancing -Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
Which of the following are characteristics of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?
-Enforces a minimum number of running Amazon EC2 instances -Launches instances from a specified Amazon Machine Image (AMI) -Responds to changing conditions by adding or terminating instances
Under which service category does the Amazon VPC service appear?
Networking & Content Delivery
Which of the following are elements of an Auto Scaling group?
-Maximum size -Desired capacity -Minimum size
In Elastic Load Balancing, when the load balancer detects an unhealthy target, which of the following are true?
-Routes traffic to a healthy target -Resumes routing traffic when it detects that the target is healthy again -Stops routing traffic to that target
Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) is recommended when data _______ and _______.
-requires an encryption solution -must be quickly accessible, requiring long-term persistence
In the lab (5), how many availability zones was your database using (primary and secondary)?
2
The AWS Well-Architected Framework is organized into how many pillars?
5
In the lab (6), what is the maximum number of instances you set your auto scaling group to scale up to?
6
In the lab, what is the size of the original volume that the EC2 instance is attached to (not the volume you attached).
8 GB
Regarding Amazon S3 Glacier, what is a Vault?
A container for storing archives
Which of the following must be configured on an Elastic Load Balancing load balancer to expect incoming traffic?
A listener
There is an audit at your company and they need to have a log of all access to AWS resources in the account. Which of the following services can assist in providing these details?
AWS CloudTrail
After you move to the AWS Cloud, you want to ensure that the right security settings are put in place. Which online tool can assist in security compliance?
AWS Trusted Advisor
In Amazon DynamoDB, what does the query operation enable you to do? - Query a table using the partition key and an optional sort key filter - Query any secondary indexes that exist for a table - Efficiently retrieve items from a table or secondary index - all of the above
All of the above
Which of the following services can help you collect important metrics from Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances?
Amazon CloudWatch
If you are developing an application that requires a database with extremely fast performance, fast scalability, and flexibility in the database schema, which service should you consider?
Amazon DynamoDB
You are designing an ecommerce web application that will scale to hundreds of thousands of concurrent users. Which database technology is best suited to hold the session state in this example?
Amazon DynamoDB
What happens when you provision a Multi-AZ DB instance?
Amazon RDS automatically creates a primary DB instance and synchronously replicates the data to a standby instance in a different Availability Zone (AZ)
Which AWS Cloud service is best suited for analyzing your data by using standard structured query language (SQL) and your existing business intelligence (BI) tools?
Amazon Redshift
Which service would you use to send alerts based on Amazon CloudWatch alarms?
Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)
What type of load balancer did you create?
Application load balancer
Which of the following is a principle when designing cloud-based systems?
Assume everything will fail
In the lab (6), you enable Cloudwatch detailed monitoring and edit an alarm. What is the alarm monitoring?
CPU utilization
What are the three types of load balancers that Elastic Load Balancing offers?
Classic Load Balancer, Network Load Balancer, Application Load Balancer
Suppose you wanted to modify this solution so that instead of stopping the instance after one minute, you stopped it after one hour. What would you change?
CloudWatch event
What is the keyboard shortcut to end a running program?
Ctrl+C
True or false: Once you launch an instance, it is not possible to resize the EBS Volume.
False
What is defined as the ability for a system to remain operational even if some of the components of that system fail?
Fault tolerance
Which database engine do you use in the lab?
MySQL
What is the pricing model that enables AWS customers to pay for resources on an as-needed basis? -Pay as you go -Pay as you decommission -Pay as you reserve -Pay as you buy
Pay as you go
Which of these is not a benefit of cloud computing over on-premises computing? -Increase speed and agility -Benefit from massive economies of scale -Pay for racking, stacking, and powering servers -Trade capital expense for variable expense -Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs
Pay for racking, stacking, and powering servers
AWS Trusted Advisor provides insight regarding which five categories of an AWS account?
Performance, cost optimization, security, fault tolerance, service limits
Which of the following is a measure of your system's ability to provide functionality when desired by the user?
Reliability
Which of the following is not one of the four areas of the Performance Efficiency pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework?
Traceability
True or false: The instance receives a public DNS name that you can use to contact the instance from the Internet.
True
True or false: There is no charge for a stopped EC2 instance, but the storage charge for attached Amazon EBS volumes remains.
True
True or false: You must stop your instance before resizing it.
True
True or false? Amazon RDS automatically patches the database software and backs up your database, storing the backups for a user-defined retention period and enabling point-in-time recovery.
True
When you create a bucket in Amazon S3, it is associated with a specific AWS Region.
True
In Amazon DynamoDB, an attribute is ______.
a fundamental data element
What should you consider when choosing a database type? - data size - data access period - query frequency - highly available -all of the above
all of the above
A company has an application, which consists of a .NET layer that connects to a MySQL database. They want to move this application on to AWS and use AWS features such as high availability and automated backups. Which of the following would be an ideal database for this use case?
amazon aurora
When you use `ssh` to connect to the EC2 instance, what is the `username`?
ec2-user
Which of the following best describes a system that can withstand some measures of degradation, experiences minimal downtime, and requires minimal human intervention?
highly available
You can use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) to:
implement storage for Amazon EC2 instances that multiple virtual machines can access at the same time.
In the lab (6), you start with some infrastructure, then create additional infrastructure on top of it. Which of the following did you not create?
internet gateway
In the VPC security group settings you configured the Database security group to permit inbound traffic on what port?
port 3306