Quarter 1 Exam
Orlando wrote on separate index cards four facts he learned about cells. The four facts Orlando wrote are listed below. 1. Cells come only from existing cells. 2. All cells contain hereditary information. 3. All living things are made of one or more cells. 4. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things. He shuffled the index cards, spread them out on his desk, and asked Martha to pick out the cards that described the cell theory. Which cards did Martha correctly select?
1, 3, and 4
Based on these results, what is the optimum (best) temperature range for lipase to function?
15-45 degrees Celsius
The 10x objective of a compound light microscope is being used to observe a specimen. If a total magnification of 150x is achieved, then the magnification of the microscope's eyepiece must be...
15x
A group of students is researching the best methods for converting algae oils into a biodiesel. What would be a good source of information to use in the investigation?
A university study examining the known methods for converting algae to biofuel.
In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?
A white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses
If a substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings, which of the following processes would result in the movement of the substance into the cell?
Active transport
Which is an inference?
After watching a plant for a week, you determine it needs more sunlight
Scientists have discovered three new species of organisms in the Everglades. Below you will find information about the cells of each organism.
Animal
Based on the chart above which of the following best describes Organism A?
Bacteria
Antibiotics prevent the growth of bacteria. Bacteria have adapted, becoming resistant to antibiotics and making antibiotics ineffective in fighting an infection.
Between 2001 and the present time, bacteria's resistance will have increased to 35%
Freshly picked corn tastes sweet because of the high sugar content in the kernels. Enzymes convert about 50% of the sugar to starch within one day after picking. To preserve the sweetness, freshly picked corn can be immersed in boiling water for a few minutes, and then cooled. Which statement most likely explains why the boiled corn remains sweet?
Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch.
Based on the figure above, which structures are present in both animal and plant cells?A. A, C and F
C, D and E
What property of water refers to water's ability to move up the stem of a plant against the1.force of gravity?
Capillary Action
Which of the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in their diet?
Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy.
A researcher is using a microscope to observe the two unknown cells above. Which of the following explantions best explains the reasoning behind the correct identification of the two cells.
Cell B represents a Eukaryotic Cell due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles
Which of the cells characterized in the chart below is a prokaryotic cell?
Cell C
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
Cells form through spontaneous generation.
Which of the following explains the phenomena of floating icebergs?
Expansion of hydrogen bonds between water molecules as the temperature reaches freezing.
Laura is trying to identify a structure that she has found inside the cells she is studying. The structure looks like a system of flattened membranes. Laura discovers that lipids and proteins are transported to the structure, and the structure modifies and distributes them to other parts of the cell. What structure has Laura found?
Golgi Complex
Based on the graph, which of the following accurately describes how substrate concentration changes the reaction rate
High substrate concentration has a faster reaction rate
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
It becomes inactive.
Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
It is a general explanation that is supported by many scientific observations.
A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance issoluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecules is the unknownsubstance most likely to be?
Lipid
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following type of organic molecule?
Lipids
Refer to the illustration above. Fatty acids like molecule 2 are found in
Lipids
Which of the following correctly shows how water molecules bond to each other?
Mid Right
A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to determine whether their multivitamin had any side effects. For its initial study, the company chose 2000 individuals to take one of their multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from the company surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced any side effects. Which of the following was wrong in the procedure used?
No control group was used
An organism's genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule?
Nucleic Acid
A scientist has performed an experiment and collected unique data. Which of the following conditions should most likely be met for other biologists to accept the results of the scientist's investigation?
Other scientists should be able to replicate the experiment
Which of the following best explains the difference between passive and active transport within cell membranes?
Passive transport does not require chemical energy to occur; active transport requires the use of energy, such as ATP, to take place.
Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is generally true?
Plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.
Which of the following best describes the difference between the two reactions?
Reaction with enzyme uses less energy
A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the melting point (or melting temperature) of a new substance. Which action could improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?
Repeating the experiment three times
What is the function of the molecule below
Short term energy
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:
Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the effects of chemical X on the growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control?
Test tube 1
A red blood cell is 90% water. A red blood cell is suspended in an 11% water solution. A diagram is placed below. What will most likely happen to the red blood cell?
The cell will shrink
Joe fishes every Monday from 3-5 p.m. While fishing one Monday, Joe notices more than the usual number of water lilies floating in the lake. He does not catch any fish on this trip, even though he usually catches several in the same two-hour time period. Which of the following is an inference that can be made based on Joe's observation?
The large number of water lilies blocked the sunlight from reaching underwater plants, causing the plants and the fish to die since they no longer had food to survive.
A researcher conducts an experiment to study the effects of alcohol on people's sense of balance. He divides his subjects into three groups: in one group the participants drink one ounce of alcohol, in another they drink two ounces of alcohol and in a third group the participants drink soda. He then watches as each participant tries to walk on a straight line from one corner of the room to the next and notes how many times they stumble outside the line.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
The number of times each participant stumbles during the study
The results of an experiment show that as temperature increases, the activity of an enzyme decreases. Which graph correctly displays these findings?
The number of times each participant stumbles during the study (upside down parabola)
Why can water have no net charge but have slight charges in different parts of the molecule?
The oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive
Based on this experiment, which of the following could be inferred about cells with selectively permeable membranes?
Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration
Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?
Water has a high capacity for heat
Which best describes the difference between an observation and an inference?
You can record an observation; an inference is an idea.
Which of the following is an observation?
You record the air temperature every day for a week
Proteins are made up of long chains of
amino acids
The structure of a cell nucleus would be seen in the greatest detail by use of
an electron microscope
Which of the following would most likely be the major focus of a Biologist?
bacteria found in hot springs
A student is preparing to run in a school track competition. For the quickest source of energy,the student should eat a food that contains high percentage of
carbohydrates
Which microscope would be MOST useful for quickly estimating the number of red blood cells in a patient's blood sample?
compound light microscope
What is a primary function of the cell membrane?
defending against foreign particles
Based on your observations of the above diagram, how can it best be described?
eukaryotic animal cell
A person studying a topic is presented with new information that conflicts with previous findings. What would a scientist do in this situation?
evaluate the new information
Which is not a macromolecule?
hydrogen
The chemical epinephrine (more commonly known as adrenaline) has the chemical formula C6H3(OH)3C3H6NH. Which of the following statements correctly describes the composition of epinephrine?
it contains 9 carbon atoms and 13 hydrogen atoms
Tasha is testing the effect of blue-colored light on the growth of tomato plants. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?
light color
Which types of compounds are not classified as carbohydrates?
lipids
Which of the following correctly shows the organizational pattern of a macromolecule from the simplest to most complex?
monomer > polymer > macromolecule
Cells need to bring in water molecules to carry out cellular processes. This requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane. How do these molecules get into the cell?
passive transport by osmosis
Living things do ALL of the following except
perform an activity without the use of energy
A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cellular process will not be able to be performed as a direct result of a lack of functioning ribosomes?
protein synthesis
The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?
proteins
Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both:
represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence.
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
ribosome - protein synthesis
From the statements below which of the scientific advances most directly contributed to the development of the cell theory?
the improvement of the microscope and microscopic techniques
A researcher conducts an experiment to assess the effects of alcohol on people's sense of balance. He divides his subjects into three groups: in one group the participants drink one ounce of alcohol, in another they drink two ounces of alcohol and in a third group the participants drink soda. He then watches as each participant tries to walk on a straight line from one corner of the room to the next and notes how many times they stumble outside the line. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
the number of times the participant stumbles during the study
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
they are photosynthetic
Which organelle is responsible for storing water and waste in the cell? Both plants and animals have them, but plants have a much larger version that also helps with support.
vacuole
When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because
water is polar and oil is nonpolar
At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?
when there is continuous movement of molecules but no change in concentration