questions for anatomy #4

Which of the following is favored by the parasympathetic nervous system

digestion

Which of the following situations is not associated with sympathetic nerve fibers?

digestion

Which of the following does not result from sympathetic stimulation?

digestive secretion

Which of these does not result from sympathetic stimulation?

digestive secretion

Which of the following stimulates the production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones is not synthesized by the brain?

follicle-stimulating hormone

The highest density of cone cells is found in the ________.

fovea centralis

Hot and cold stimuli are detected by ________.

free nerve endings

When a person has not eaten for several hours, which hormone ensures a steady level of blood glucose?

glucagon

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ________.

has a chain of two motor neurons (efferent)

Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which structure senses the upward movement of an elevator?

macula sacculi

Changes in blood pressure are detected by ________ in arteries.

mechanoreceptors

Muscarinic receptors bind

acetylcholine

Muscarinic receptors bind ________.

acetylcholine

What do nicotinic receptors bind?

acetylcholine

The ________ secrete(s) ________, which promotes sodium and water retention.

adrenal cortex; aldosterone

Which of the following is not under dual control of the ANS?

adrenal medulla activity

In the sympathetic division of the nervous system, what type of receptor is found on the effector?

adrenergic

Neural integration is carried out within the grey matter of the cerebrum, which is found in the ________.

cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, and limber system

The sensory neurons that begin in the spiral organ of the ear in the ________ of the medulla oblongata.

cochlear nucleus

Postganglionic fibers of autonomic neurons are usually

connected to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, and adipocytes

Which of the following is not a component of a reflex arc

motor neurons in the cerebral cortex

What does the lateral horn of the spinal cord contain?

neurons of the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following cranial nerves carries sympathetic fibers?

none of the cranial nerves

The type of chemoreceptor responsible for our sense of smell is called a(n) ________.

olfactory receptor

Which hormone would no longer be secreted if the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract was destroyed?

oxytocin

Which of the following hormones are is secreted by neurons?

oxytocin

The neural crest gives rise to all of the following except

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

The ________ has/have no other function but hormone production, whereas the rest of these produce other secretions in addition to hormones.

parathyroid glands

Which of the following structures only functions to produce and release hormones?

parathyroid glands

________ leads to increased osteoclast activity and elevates the blood calcium concentration.

parathyroid hormone

The primary somatic sensory cortex is located in the ________ lobe of the cerebrum.

parietal

The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ________.

pituitary gland

Joey is very upset because he is in the 6th grade and he is well below average in height. He is most likely this height because his ________ gland is not producing enough ________ hormone.

pituitary; growth (GH)

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a ________ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter ________.

preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)

Effects of the sympathetic division of the ANS would include which of the following?

prepare the body to resist an emergency situation, lead to acceleration of heart rate, and decrease flow to the digestive tract

The nervous system reacts to stimuli ________ compared to the endocrine system, adapts ________ compared to the endocrine system, and has ________ effects compared to the endocrine system.

quickly, quickly, specific

At sunset your visual system adapts to

rod-based vision

Which cells are nonfunctional in normal daylight?

rods

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

semicircular canals

What role does a first-order neuron play in the passage of a sensory signal to the brain?

the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain-stem

The most important autonomic control center in the CNS is

the hypothalamus

Which of the following statements is true regarding the infundibulum?

the infundibulum is a projection of the posterior pituitary that connects it to the hypothalamus

Which of these glands has more exocrine than endocrine tissue?

the pancreas

What makes a cell a target of a particular hormone?

the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

Which statement comparing the autonomic and somatic nervous systems is not true?

the primary effectors of the ANS are viscera of the abdominal and thoracic cavities in contrast to the somatic motor division, which targets skeletal muscles

Which of the following is not controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

the skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis

All receptors for ________ are confined to the head and are innervated by cranial nerves.

the special senses

Which of the following does not provide input that influences autonomic function?

the spinal cord

The ear is somewhat protected from loud noises by

the stapedius

Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

the sympathetic division has long preganglionic fibers

Which of the following hormones passes through the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract?

antidiuretic hormone

The vallate papillae are more sensitive to ________ than to any of these other tastes

bitter

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving

both autonomic and somatic motor nerves

A person would look cross-eyed if ________ muscles contracted at once.

both medial rectus

All of the following cranial nerves except the ________ carry parasympathetic fibers.

hypoglossal

Hormone replacement therapy may be used to treat which of the following? -

hyposecretion of a hormone

The ________ is an especially important center of autonomic control.

hypothalamus

Which hormone is not secreted by the liver?

insulin

Which of these ganglia is not involved in the sympathetic division

intramural

Which of the following is not a hormone?

iodine

What is the effect of glucagon?

it increases blood glucose levels

Both the ________ are involved in the synthesis of calcitriol and erythropoietin.

liver and kidneys

Both the ________ and ________ are involved in the synthesis of calcitriol and erythropoietin.

liver; kidneys

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

sensory receptor, afferent nerve fiber, interneuron, efferent nerve fiber, gland

The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these except

skeletal muscle

What is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus?

smell

The gray communicating ramus contains

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Which of the following fibers of the ANS are adrenergic

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Which of the following neuron fibers of the ANS are adrenergic?

sympathetic preganglionic fibers

Epinephrine is secreted by

the adrenal medulla

Epinephrine is secreted by ________.

the adrenal medulla

The spiral organ rests on

the basilar membrane

The sensory neurons that begin in the spiral organ of the ear end in

the cochlear nucleus

The dilated blood vessels seen in "blood-shot" eyes are vessels of

the conjunctiva

Which of the following endocrine glands is most directly involved in immune function?

the thymus

Which of these endocrine glands is most directly involved in immune function? -

the thymus

Which of these glands develops from the pharyngeal pouches

the thymus

What is the function of the saccule and utricle?

they perceive static equilibrium

Sympathetic fibers arise only from the ________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

thoracic and lumbar

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the ANS located?

thoracolumbar region

Which of the following hormones has the least in common with the others?

thyroxine

Damage to the ________ nerve, which is vital for the autonomic control of visceral function, could not result in death?

vagus