Questions for lec exam #4

The caplike _____ covers the head of the sperm and releases enzymes that will help the sperm penetrate the egg

acrosome

Ben ran a half marathon (13 miles). During this time, he perspired a lot and as a result his body secreted ____

aldosterone

Which is an example of active immunity?

antibodies produced from a vaccine

____ are foreign molecules that stimulate the production of ____

antigen; antibodies

Which of the following is NOT part of the innate immune response?

b & t cells

In females, nearly all cases of _____ cancer are associated with the human papillomavirus

cervical

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

cervix -- upper end of uterus that joins to the uterine tube

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

cervix--upper end of uterus that joins to the uterine tube

In a zygote, there is an equal contribution of DNA from each parent. How does this compare to the cytoplasm and other organelles within the zygote?

cytoplasm and organelles are contributed primarily by the female

A mammal is _____ and has a body temperature _____

endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism

A phagocyte is a cell that

engulfs other cells and debris.

Administering antivenom is a form of active immunity

false

Birth control pills generally contain only estrogen.

false

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

false

The hormone ____ is the basis of pregnancy tests and is secreted by the ____

hGC, developing embryo

HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

helper T cells

Which STD is closely associated with cervical cancer?

hpv

A caterpillar turning into a butterfly is an example of

indirect development

The functional unit of a kidney is a

nephron

Which white blood cells indiscriminately engulf bacteria and other foreign particles?

neutrophils & eosinophils

Which chordate feature is the first to appear in the developing human embryo?

notochord

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired?

phagocytes -- coordinate response to specific pathogens

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

progesterone--stimulates release of estrogen

Which of the following is an example of an adaptive response?

seasonal allergies to ragweed pollen

Mature human sperm cells

spermatozoa

What organ contains many lymphocytes and macrophages which destroy disease-causing agents?

spleen

If you transfuse type AB blood into a patient with type A blood, the patient will raise antibodies against the B antigen on the donor's blood, but will not raise antibodies against the A antigen. Why not?

B and T cells that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by clonal deletion

If a drug had been banned for damaging the kidney by causing poor drainage of the glomerulus, you would suspect that the drug causired damage to

Bowman's capsule.

An immunodeficiency means that

the immune system lacks one or more essential components

Turbinates were found in therapsids, extinct reptiles thought to be ancestors of mammals. What could the researchers conclude from this observation?

Endothermy arose before fur

Many jellyfish are hermaphroditic and produce both egg and sperm. The synchronous release of these gametes into the surrounding water enables cross-fertilization to occur. This is an example of ____ fertilization and gametes fuse to form a diploid ____

External, zygote

During gastrulation in humans, the first indentation forms the mouth.

False, because humans are deuterostomes

Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox. He did this by infecting an 8-year-old boy with cowpox, a much milder disease than smallpox. When Jenner subsequently exposed the body to the smallpox virus, the young boy was only mildly ill. What occurred?

His body had produced memory cells after the first exposure and these were quickly activated when he was exposed to a similar antigen

Which of the following is true about a woman that is Rh-?

If she has one child that is Rh+, her body can build up antibodies that will cause problems for a second Rh+ child.

What is the function of aldosterone?

It regulates blood pressure by changing Na+ concentrations

Which of the following is/are required to produce an antigen?

transcription and translation

A baby receiving antibodies in breast milk from its mother is an example of passive immunity.

true

An endotherm typically will have a larger nasal cavity than an ectotherm of equivalent mass.

true

One reason for homeostasis in body temperature is that excessively high temperature can lead to protein denaturation and loss of protein function.

true

You are testing substances on your windshield for their chemical contents, and you think that you have found a patch of bird excrement. Therefore, you expect the test to show abundant

uric acid

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

uric acid -- soluble in water

The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the

variable region

Which of the following are haploid?

Secondary spermatocytes

What is true of a woman that has A+ blood type?

She will not produce antibodies to either "positive" or "negative" blood types in her children

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is widespread in cattle. It has been estimated that 80 percent of cattle in this country have been exposed to the virus but 70 to 90 percent of infections go undetected. Even if an animal does not display symptoms, the virus can cause abortions and birth defects. Thus, BVDV is a ____

Teratogen

In working with an infertile couple, you observe that the wife releases polar bodies each month, wrapped in follicle cells. How would you explain their infertility?

The wife's ovaries are not making eggs, just polar bodies

Parasites are very effective at evading the host immune system. Adult schistosomes are parasites that are found in the human blood. They have an unusual "skin" or tegument that displays few parasite-specific proteins. How does this help them evade the human immune system?

There are only a few antigens to initiate an immune response.

Female dragonflies lay fertilized eggs in water; aquatic larvae develop and metamorphose into adults which take to the air. Based on this information, which of the following is true about these animals?

They have internal fertilization and indirect development