Quiz 1: Ch 1,2

Dr. Amrit predicts that a certain drug will help patients with schizophrenia. Her prediction is called _____.

a hypothesis

According to social scientists, race is ___.

a social construction

Which of these is the BEST example of plasticity?

a teenager who spends a summer in Chile and learns to speak Spanish

Sally has a dog at home, so she knows about dogs. As she walks down the street, she sees an animal coming toward her. The animal has four legs, fur, a tail, and is barking. Sally knows that these are characteristics of a dog, given her knowledge of dogs. She quickly concludes that this animal is a dog. This example illustrates the Piagetian concept of _____.

assimilation

If a researcher finds that there is a correlation between secondhand smoke and children's asthma, he knows for SURE that _____.

asthma and secondhand smoke have some connection

On the 23rd pair of chromosome, ___ have two X chromosomes.

females

Skye is pregnant yet she still has four alcoholic drinks each day. Her baby may be at increased risk for the development of _____.

fetal alcohol syndrome

A historical example of the different-equals-deficit error is ___.

men perceiving women as intellectually inferior

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, the ____ refers to the interactions between and among systems.

mesosystem

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems model, family and peers are part of a person's ____.

microsystem

The age of viability is the time when the preterm newborn _____.

might survive outside the uterus

The more Hank eats, the less hungry he feels. The correlation that exists between Hank's food intake and his hunger is _____.

negative

During mid-pregnancy, the brain increases about six times in size and develops many new neurons in a process called _____.

neurogenesis

Parents who believe in the importance of _____ as it relates to development are likely to spend a great deal of time and money trying to find the best school for their children.

nurture

Which is the correct order of the stages of Freud's psychosexual theory, beginning with infancy and ending with the preschool years?

oral, anal, phallic

The first step in the scientific method involves ___.

posing a question

Plasticity refers to the _____.

potential for human traits to be molded during development but also to remain durable

A teratogen is any agent of condition that increases the risk for ___.

prenatal abnormalities

____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences, where as ____ emphasizes learning by association, reinforcement, or observation.

psychoanalytic theory; behaviorism

Each human body cell contains

46 chromosomes

A fatal central nervous system disorder caused by a copy number variation—more than 35 repetitions of a particular set of three base pairs—is _____.

Huntington disease

Hannah is 5 years old. She has been diagnosed with ADHD and shows signs of learning disabilities. Her doctor suggests that Hannah's problems could be the result of prenatal exposure to _____, though he stresses that the link is not straightforward at this time.

behavioral teratogens

As part of embryonic development, the neural tube will become the _____.

central nervous system, including the brain and spine

The process by which a response becomes linked to a particular stimuli is called ____.

conditioning

Within Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, each of the developmental stages is characterized by a particular challenge or _____.

developmental crisis

After posing a question, a researcher using the scientific method _____.

develops a hypothesis

Within hours after conception, the 23 pairs of chromosomes within the zygote _____, forming two complete sets of the genome.

duplicate

An individual's socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her ___.

education level

In an experiment, the group of participants who receive the imposed treatment of me special condition is referred to as the ____ group.

experimental

An individual's genetic inheritance is called a(n) ___.

genotype

Which is an example of the influence of nature?

having the gene for epilepsy

What does the science of human development seek to understand?

how and why people change over time

An example of a dependent variable in an experiment might be ___.

level of depression

Within the context of Maslow's hierarchy, people who visit friends on the weekend are focused on a(n) ____.

love and belonging need

Tammy grew up watching her parents fight. As an adult, she does not want to fight all the time with her romantic partners. Which of the following best explains how Tammy learned that she did not want a relationship filled with conflict?

social learning theory