Quiz 1 Chapter 16 Lab 19 Endocrine

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except: the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. the level of fatty acids in the blood. fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. ACTH levels.

ACTH levels

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH

When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include: peptides. steroids. eicosanoids. amino acid derivatives. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to: hypothyroidism. cretinism. goiter. high blood levels of TSH. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they: are produced by the adrenal medulla. are derived from cholesterol. are produced by reproductive glands. bind to receptors within the cell. are lipids.

are produced by the adrenal medulla.

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

calcitonin

Epinephrine is a member of which group of hormones?

catecholamines

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

endocrine

All of the following are types of intercellular communication except: direct. paracrine. endocrine. exocrine. synaptic.

exocrine

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

gene transcription is initiated.

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

glucagon; insulin

Cushing's disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

All target cells

have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

lipid reserves are mobilized.

Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?

loss of ADH secretion

If the pars intermedia of the pituitary is destroyed, the pituitary would no longer be able to secrete which of the following hormones?

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

The F cells of the pancreatic islets produce

pancreatic polypeptide

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

A capillary portal system is found in which of the following endocrine structures?

pituitary gland

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

production and release

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called

integrative

Why does the anterior pituitary stain darker than the posterior pituitary in a histological slide as demonstrated and discussed in lab?

Anterior pituitary makes and secretes 9 or more polypeptides by exocytosis as needed and as directed by regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus. Histological stain binds to proteins of all types and there is abundant but variable amounts of protein in the secretory vessicles in the anterior pituitary that are not present in the posterior pituitary.

The link between first and second messengers involved in hormone action generally involves a(n):

G protein.

The synergistic effect is associated with which possible hormonal outcome?

additive effects

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone

Hypothalamic regulatory hormones affect the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones at the:

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

several

A 25-year-old woman has noticed that she has a high body temperature and has lost weight despite eating a lot of food. Which gland is most likely to be overactive?

thyroid