Quiz 1 Questions and Answers

What is facilitated diffusion?

The diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane.

True or false: Enriching is the process of adding nutrients to food.

True

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called? a. osmosis b. water permeability c. facilitated diffusion d. hydrolysis

a. osmosis

Which of the following substances are a macronutrient? a. protein b. vit C c. calcium d. sodium e. carbs f. fats

a. protein e. carbs f. fats

An essential nutrient : a. is found only in fortified foods b. is found only in foods from animal sources c. must be supplied by the diet d. provides energy (kcals) to the diet

c. must be supplied by the diet

Which of the following is NOT true about water? a. water is an essential nutrient b. water plays a role in regulation of body temperature c. water is necessary for elimination of waste from the body d. water is necessary for immune function

d. water is necessary for immune function

Which of the following is the most acidic pH? a. pH 1 b. pH 5 c. pH 7 d. pH 13

a. pH 1

Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense? a. strawberries b. spinach c. peanut butter d. raw apples

c. peanut butter

What is active transport?

The process of transferring substances into, out of, and between cells, using energy. The cell often needs to transfer materials against their concentration gradient.

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add _____ if the nutrients to its EAR. a. 50 to 100 mg b. a "margin of safety" amount c. an AI amount d. the % DV amount

b. a "margin of safety" amount

What is an anecdote?

Observations or experience rather than scientific analysis or supported by science.

What of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States? a. chronic lower respiratory infections b. cancer c. suicide d. influenza and pneumonia

b. cancer

Which of the following is true about the mitochondria? a. they convert vitamins to ATP b. the carry out energy releasing reactions c. they are not found in muscle cells d. they are involved with intracellular digestion

b. the carry out energy releasing reactions

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary ____. a. water excretion b. water conservation c. sodium elimination d. iron metabolism

b. water conservation

The four most common elements in living organisms are: a. C, H, O, Fe b. C, H, O, Na c. C, H, O, N d. C, H, O, Cl

c. C, H, O, N

Atoms share electrons in a(n) _____ bond. a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. atomic

c. covalent

Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient? a. passive transport b. diffusion c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport e. osmosis

d. active transport

Ionic bonding involves all of the following except: a. a gain of electrons by an atom b. a loss of electrons from an atom c. a transfer of electrons from one atom to another d. the sharing of electrons between atoms e. the type of bond found in sodium chloride

d. the sharing of electrons between atoms

Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance? a. lungs b. kidneys c. skin d. thyroid gland

d. thyroid gland

In diffusion, random motion of molecules tends to move the molecules from where they are: a. concentrated to where they are needed b. less concentrated to where they are more concentrated c. more concentrated to where they are less concentrated d. used to where they are eliminated as wastes

c. more concentrated to where they are less concentrated