Quiz #1: Short-Term and Working Memory

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory?

The central executive and long-term memory

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

Working memory is concerned with holding and processing information.

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is

15-20 seconds.

The "magic number," according to George Miller, is

7 plus or minus 2.

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of 3 letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80% of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10% after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that decrease in performance was due to __________, but later research showed that it was actually due to __________.

Decay; interference

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as

Echoic memory

The primary effect of chunking is to

Increase the efficiency of short-term memory.

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that

Information in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds.

The emphasis of the concept of working memory is on how information is

Manipulated

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of...

Persistence of Vision.

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the fourth group, he can no longer recall the names of anyone he met earlier in the party. Lamar's experience demonstrates

Retroactive interference.

Information remains in sensory memory for

Seconds or a fraction of a second.

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory includes

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

One function of __________ is to pull information out of long-term memory.

The central executive