Quiz 10 Clinical and Abnormal

How many adults in the United States have an alcohol use problem?

1 out of 20

Which is the best summary of the research on the effects of secondhand smoke exposure?

A cause and effect relationship between secondhand smoke and cancer has been identified.

Research has found that __________-Americans are less likely to quit smoking cigarettes and more likely to get lung cancer, in part because they metabolize nicotine more slowly compared to other groups.

African

Which of the following male smokers is most likely to get lung cancer, according to research studies?

African Americans

Robert H. Hopcke, MFT, states that in his opinion, the success of 12-step programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is due largely to:

Availability of social support

Other treatments that are mentioned for alcohol use disorders include:

Cognitive behavioral therapy Medications

Which treatment is a cognitive behavioral approach for alcohol abuse and dependence that involves teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking?

Contingency management

Which symptom is particularly strong with methamphetamine use, and is a reliable predictor of later use?

Craving

Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 symptom of substance use disorder?

Depressed mood four or more days per week

Which is often the first step in many treatment models for substance use disorders?

Detox

Which of the following statements reflects current perspectives on the therapeutic effects of marijuana?

Doctors have identified therapeutic benefits, but federal laws complicate use of the drug.

Heavy alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy is the leading known cause of intellectual disability and leads to a condition known as _______.

FAS

What is the term for recurrences of psychedelic experiences after the physiological effects of the drug have worn off, and which sometimes occur in times of stress, illness or fatigue?

Flashbacks

What has research found about the influence of genetics in the role of substance use disorders?

Genetic and environmental risk factors appear to be the same regardless of the type of drug studied.

A list of diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders is shown below. Select all of the diagnostic criteria for Substance Dependence.

Great deal of time spent to obtain or use the substance, or recover from its effects Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use Substance is taken in larger amounts and over a longer period than was intended Substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused by or exacerbated by the substance Tolerance Withdrawal

According to research on the gene-environment relationships in alcohol and drug use disorders, which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to develop a substance use disorder?

Joshua gets nauseated after drinking and can usually only have a few beers at a time.

Which of the following statements about hallucinogens is FALSE?

LSD use is associated with severe withdrawal symptoms.

Amphetamines produce their effects by causing the release of which neurotransmitters?

Norepinephrine and dopamine

Which of the following statements about gambling disorder is TRUE?

People with gambling disorder are more likely to participate in a wider variety of gambling activities than people without gambling disorder.

Robert H. Hopcke, MFT, says that once a person hits tolerance and withdrawal, or depends on a substance physiologically and psychologically, he would call that alcoholism. What is the best diagnostic term for this?

Substance dependence

All of the following statements about emotion regulation and substance use are true EXCEPT:

The majority of people who use drugs use them to increase positive emotions rather than decrease negative emotions.

Which statement best explains the high comorbidity between alcohol use and cigarette smoking?

They are cross-tolerant, so the use of one increases tolerance for the other.

Laurie says that after collegte, she started drinking more and more. A need for increased amounts of a substance in order to achieve intoxication is knowns as:

Tolerance

Use of marijuana is ______ in the US.

about equal across races and ethnic groups

A common word used to in place of the term "substance dependence" is _____.

addiction

Alcohol impairs cognitive processing and narrows attention to the most immediately available cues resulting in ________ _______.

alcohol myopia

Research has found that alcohol reduces negative emotions, but it __________ positive emotions in response to anxiety-provoking situations.

also reduces

Which of the following substances falls under the category of a stimulant?

amphetamine

Which of the following would be most effective at protecting the general public from exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke?

banning smoking in bars and restaurants

Research has shown that areas of the brain that are involved with the ability to inhibit a response, and therefore to potentially refrain from giving in to cravings of substances, are the

basal ganglia, inferofrontal gyrus, and pre-motor areas.

One concern with the use of e-cigarettes as opposed to standard cigarettes is that

because they are new and so little research on them has been done, little is known about their long-term effects.

When Lance shows up at the community assistance center with a drug-free urine sample, the counselor gives him coupons for restaurants or clothing shops. What type of drug treatment is Lance receiving?

contingency management

One potential drawback of nicotine replacement therapies is that

dangerous levels of nicotine can be reached if people smoke while using them.

All of the following are effective strategies for reducing teenage smoking EXCEPT:

decreasing taxes on cigarettes.

A person who has been drinking heavily for a number of years may experience __________ when the level of alcohol in the blood drops suddenly.

delirium tremens

Controlled drinking is

designed to help those with alcohol problems increase their awareness of the costs of excessive drinking.

Zack's doctor said that before he can begin psychological treatment for heroin addiction, he must allow his body to adapt to not having the drug in his bloodstream. What is Zack's doctor referring to?

detoxification

Research with both humans and animals shows that nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the __________ systems in the brain.

dopamine

Binge drinking is quantified as

five drinks or more in a short period of time.

Heavy-use drinking is quantified as

five drinks or more, five or more times in a month.

One day out of nowhere, Jonelle started seeing the outside world as wildly distorted and vibrating with intense colors and sparkles - similar to when she took LSD at a party months earlier. Which term describes what Jonelle was experiencing?

flashback

Medical problems associated with long-term cigarette smoking include all of the following EXCEPT:

gout

What is a potentially effective measure for preventing smoking that the tobacco companies have sued to prevent?

graphic labels on packaging

According to the gene-environment interaction perspective, adolescents who have a genetic risk for developing a substance use disorder face the highest environmental risk from

hanging out with friends who drink and use drugs.

Psychologists who explore the complex dynamic between "wanting" a drug and "liking" a drug would support which of the following?

incentive-sensitization theory

Nitrous oxide fits in the broader category of

inhalants

The following statements are true of secondhand smoke, EXCEPT:

it detrimentally affects children of smokers, but not pregnant women.

To help her move past an addiction to opiates, Gina is completing a series of cognitive behavioral exercises and identifying long-term solutions that will work best for her. What type of drug treatment is Gina receiving?

motivational enhancement

As Patricia Craven, MFT explains, substance dependence, or addiction, involves a _____ component.

occupational

Both Julie and John are experiencing dependence to a substance in which of the following categories?

opioids

A man presents to the ER with symptoms resembling influenza, including sneezing, muscle aches, sweating, and appearing very sleepy. He is also crying spontaneously with no apparent trigger. The hospital staff has determined that he does not have influenza, and should therefore consider the possibility of

opioids withdrawal.

Alcohol and tobacco are used more frequently among people who __________ the frequency with which these substances are used by others.

overestimate

As Patricia Craven, MFT explains, substance dependence, or addiction, involves a _____ component.

physiological

One reason for treating people who use heroin with drug replacements such as methadone is to

replace the cravings for the heroin with a similar drug with less severe withdrawal symptoms.

Personality factors that appear to be important in predicting the later onset of substance-related disorders include all of the following EXCEPT:

social standing

Which of the following is a cornerstone of the Alcoholics Anonymous program?

spirituality

Which of the following is a key factor in examining the role of mood in substance use?

stress

Liz has been using heroin for a few months. She has found that while she enjoys using heroin less and less, the craving to use it remains very strong. She continues to have an intense desire to use the drug whenever she is reminded of it. Liz's experience best illustrates:

the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.

John states that the one thing that is routine for him every day is ______.

thinking about how to get drugs

Monte used to get high after smoking one joint with friends. Now he needs to smoke a few joints to get the same feeling. Which term best describes Monte's experience?

tolerance

People's interest in and access to drugs are influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:

unconscious motives.

After an intervention meeting with friends and family, Carla agreed to give up cocaine after months of heavy use. Within a day she felt shaky, sweaty, nauseous, and paranoid. Which of the following terms best reflects Clara's experience?

withdrawal