Quiz #10--The Heart (DONE)

b (pulmonary valve)

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the: a. aortic valve b. pulmonary valve c. mitral valve d. tricuspid valve e. bicuspid valve

c (left atrium)

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the a. right atrium b. right ventricle c. left atrium d. left ventricle e. conus arteriosus

a (right atrium)

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the a. right atrium b. right ventricle c. left atrium d. left ventricle e. conus arteriosus

e (an increase in metabolic activity)

Cardiac cells damaged by infraction will show all of the following EXCEPT: a. a switch to anaerobic metabolism b. release of enzymes into the circulation c. release of troponin T and I into the circulation d. release of CK-MB into the circulation e. an increase in metabolic activity

e (cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules)

Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is NOT one of them? a. cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size b. cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus c. cardiac muscle cells branch d. skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs e. cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules

a (decreasing ejection fraction)

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following EXCEPT: a. decreasing ejection fraction b. decreasing end systolic volume c. increasing stroke volume d. increasing ejection fraction e. increasing heart rate

d (prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria)

Contractions of the papillary muscles: a. close the atrioventricular valves b. close the semilunar valves c. eject blood from the ventricles d. prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria e. eject blood from the atria into the ventricles

c (right atrium)

Coronary veins empty into the a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle e. conus arteriosus

b (aortic arch)

Identify the structure labeled "22" a. pulmonary trunk b. aortic arch c. pulmonary veins d. superior vena cava e. carotid artery

a (cusp of tricuspid valve)

Identify the structure labeled "6" a. cusp of tricuspid valve b. pulmonary semilunar valve c. aortic semilunar valve d. bicuspid valve e. ligamentum arteriosum

c (papillary muscles)

Identify the structure(s) labeled "8" a. moderator band b. pectinate muscles c. papillary muscles d. trabeculae carneae e. chord tendineae

e

Identify the subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)

a

Identify where atrial depolarization occurs

e

Identify where ventricular repolarization occurs

b (sinoatrial node)

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in: a. the Purkinje fibers b. the sinoatrial node c. the atrioventricular node d. the wall of the left ventricle e. both the left and right ventricles

e (pulmonary veins)

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures EXCEPT the a. coronary sinus b. superior vena cava c. inferior vena cava d. systemic circuit e. pulmonary veins

a (right and left lungs)

The right ventricle pumps blood to the a. right and left lungs b. left ventricle c. left atrium d. aorta e. right atrium

a (foramen ovale)

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the: a. foramen ovale b. interatrial septum c. coronary sinus d. fossa ovalis e. ligamentum arteriosus

a (cardiac tamponade)

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as: a. cardiac tamponade b. mitral valve prolapse c. pleural effusion d. cardiomyopathy e. pericarditis

c (epicardium)

The visceral pericardium is the same as the a. mediastinum b. parietal pericardium c. epicardium d. myocardium e. endocardium

c (stroke volume)

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the: a. end-diastolic volume b. end-systolic volume c. stroke volume d. cardiac output e. cardiac reserve

b (4)

There are ________ pulmonary veins a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 12

b (left atrium is in systole)

What is occurring in the left atrium at the circle labeled "2" on the graph? a. left atrium is pressurizing in the left ventricule b. left atrium is in systole c. left atrial pressure is decreasing d. left atrium is in diastole e. left atrium is receiving pressure from the left ventricle

a (semilunar valve opens)

What occurs at "A" on the graph? a. semilunar valve opens b. semilunar valve closes c. AV valve opens d. AV valve closes e. end systolic volume

d (semilunar valve closes)

What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph? a. ventricular ejection occurs b. AV valve closes c. semilunar valve opens d. semilunar valve closes e. AV valve opens

b (AV valve closes)

What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph? a. AV valve opens b. AV valve closes c. ventricular filling begins d. semilunar valve closes e. semilunar valve opens

c (atrial diastole and ventricle systole)

What occurs at the circle labeled "3" on the graph? a. atrial systole b. isovolumetric relaxation c. atrial diastole and ventricle systole d. atrial ejection e. ventricular ejection

c (isovolumetric ventricular contraction)

What occurs at the circle labeled "4" on the graph? a. ventricular ejection b. sympathetic stimulation c. isovolumetric ventricular contraction d. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation e. ventricular filling

a (peak systolic pressure)

What occurs at the circle labeled "5" on the graph? a. peak systolic pressure b. isovolumetric systole c. isovolumetric contraction d. ventricular refilling e. increased heart rate

a (isovolumetric ventricular relaxation)

What occurs at the circle labeled "7" on the graph? a. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation b. sympathetic stimulation c. isovolumetric ventricular contraction d. ventricular ejection e. ventricular filling

b (stroke volume)

What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? a. cardiac output b. stroke volume c. end-systolic volume d. end-diastolic volume e. total cardiac volume

c (end-diastolic volume)

What volume is labeled "F" on the graph? a. cardiac output b. end-systolic volume c. end-diastolic volume d. total cardiac volume e. stroke volume

c (end-systolic volume)

What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? a. cardiac output b. stroke volume c. end-systolic volume d. end-diastolic volume e. ejection fraction

c (coronary thrombosis)

When a blood clot forms on a ruptures plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n) a. coronary spasm b. myocardial infraction c. coronary thrombosis d. angina pectoris e. pulmonary embolism

16

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

e (beta blocking drugs)

Which of the following would NOT increase heart rate? a. increase sympathetic stimulation of SA node b. decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers c. increased levels of epinephrine d. faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential e. beta blocking drugs

c (QRS complex)

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing a. P wave b. T wave c. QRS complex d. P-R interval e. R-T interval

d (both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure)

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to: a. increase heart rate b. decrease heart rate c. decrease blood pressure d. both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure e. both increase heart rate and increase pressure

b (stroke volume)

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, EXCEPT: a. heart rate b. stroke volume c. condition of the conducting system d. the effects of drugs and poisons e. the duration of the ventricular action potential

c (tetany)

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle CANNOT exhibit: a. tonus b. treppe c. tetany d. recruitment e. fatigue

b (conus arteriosus)

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk a. pulmonary veins b. conus arteriosus c. aorta d. inferior vena cava e. superior vena cava

a (P wave)

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's: a. P wave b. QRS complex c. QT interval d. T wave e. S-T segment

d (QRS complex)

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the: a. P wave b. T wave c. S wave d. QRS complex e. PR complex

b (parasympathetic stimulation)

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output EXCEPT increased: a. venous return b. parasympathetic stimulation c. sympathetic stimulation d. heart rate e. force of contraction

b

Identify a junctional rhythm

a

Identify a normal sinus rhythm

c

Identify a second-degree heart block

d

Identify a ventricular fibrillation

c

Identify the atrioventricular (AV) bundle

b

Identify the atrioventricular (AV) node

d

Identify the bundle branches

d

Identify the point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta

e

Identify the point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart

a

Identify the sinoatrial (SA) node

b (pulmonary semilunar valve)

Identify the structure labeled "19" a. tricuspid valve b. pulmonary semilunar valve c. aortic semilunar valve d. bicuspid valve e. ligamentum arteriosum

b (the ventricles will beat more slowly)

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked: a. the ventricles will beat faster b. the ventricles will beat more slowly c. the ventricular beat will remain unchanged d. cardiac output will increase e. the atria will contract more forcefully

e (heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize)

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the: a. heart rate will increase b. heart rate will decrease c. cells will depolarize d. cells will hyperpolarize e. heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize

e (the rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes)

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected? a. the P-R interval will be shorter b. the QRS duration will be longer c. there will be much bigger P waves d. the ventricles will stop beating e. the rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes

a (increased membrane permeability to sodium ions)

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of: a. increased membrane permeability to sodium ions b. increased membrane permeability to potassium ions c. decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions d. decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions e. increased membrane permeability to chloride ions

d (about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell)

In cardiac muscle: a. calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules c. calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction d. about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell e. calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase

c (mediastinum)

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the a. pleural space b. pericardial space c. mediastinum d. cardiac notch e. ventral cavity

a (cardiac muscle cells)

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of a. cardiac muscle cells b. chrondocytes c. epithelial cells d. fibrocytes e. smooth muscle cells

c (80 - 100)

Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute a. 20 - 40 b. 40 - 60 c. 80 - 100 d. 100 - 140 e. 140 - 180

e (respiratory rate)

Stroke volume depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT: a. end diastolic volume b. the contractility of the ventricle c. the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta d. venous return of the blood to the heart e. respiratory rate

c (the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes)

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because a. cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own b. neural stimulation is lacking c. the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes d. the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension e. potassium channels outnumber sodium channels

c (depolarization of the atria)

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from: a. the SA node b. depolarization of the AV node c. depolarization of the atria d. repolarization of the atria e. depolarization of the ventricles

d (ventricular repolarization)

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents: a. atrial depolarization b. atrial repolarization c. ventricular depolarization d. ventricular repolarization e. ventricular contraction

a (in one direction only)

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow a. in one direction only b. in both directions c. in many directions d. in opposite directions on the right and the left e. from a ventricle to an atrium

a (marks the border between the atria and the ventricles)

The coronary sulcus is a groove that a. marks the border between the atria and ventricles b. marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles c. marks the boundary line between the right and left atria d. separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria e. separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins

c (chordae tendineae)

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to a. papillary muscles b. trabeculae carneae c. chordae tendineae d. interatrial septa e. coronary sulci

d (auricle)

The earlike extension of the atrium is the a. ventricle b. coronary sinus c. coronary sulcus d. auricle e. interatrial septum

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart: 1) Purkinje fibers 2) AV bundle 3) AV node 4) SA node 5) bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through the system is:

d (aorta)

The left ventricle pumps blood to the a. lungs b. right ventricle c. right atrium d. aorta e. pulmonary circuit

b (calcium channels remaining open)

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to: a. movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane b. calcium channels remaining open c. increased membrane permeability to potassium ion d. decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane e. increased membrane permeability to sodium ions

d (there are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles)

Which of the followings statements is TRUE regarding cardiac muscle? a. its main source of ATP production is glycogen b. the actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres c. cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically d. there are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles e. cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle

c (bradycardia/tachycardia)

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate a. tachycardia/bradycardia b. bradycardia/cardiomyopathy c. bradycardia/tachycardia d. cardiac tamponade/bradycardia e. angina/infraction